← 1.2
Act 1, Scene 3 — A Room in Olivia’s House.
on stage:
Next: 1.4 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument Sir Toby Belch, living off his niece Olivia's hospitality, defends the useless Sir Andrew Aguecheek as a suitor while the two men trade witless banter about dancing, drinking, and pretensions to culture.
Enter Sir Toby and Maria.
First appearance
SIR TOBY

Toby speaks in festive non sequiturs, half-remembered Latin tags, and magnificent non-answers. He treats any appeal to reason as a personal insult. Watch for how he pivots every criticism into an opportunity to drink or perform — he's never actually cornered.

SIR TOBY Sir Toby checking on his drinking plans

What a plague means my niece to take the death of her brother thus? I

am sure care’s an enemy to life.

What do you say, Malvolio? Is the Count three days behind?

So what's the word, Malvolio? Is the Count running three days late?

malvolio the count still 3 days away

First appearance
MARIA

Maria is sharp, direct, and usually right. She speaks in complete sentences with actual logic — which makes her the straight line against which all the comic curves play. Watch for how she matches and tops Sir Toby's wordplay without breaking a sweat.

MARIA Dismissive, formal, superior

By my troth, Sir Toby, you must come in earlier o’ nights; your cousin,

my lady, takes great exceptions to your ill hours.

By your leave, sir.

If you'll excuse me, sir.

excuse me

SIR TOBY Sir Toby admiring someone's style

Why, let her except, before excepted.

Malvolio's a peg-leg compared to this.

Malvolio's got nothing on this guy.

malvolio sucks compared to this

"let her except, before excepted" A legal pun on 'exception' — in law, 'always excepted' was a standard clause meaning certain things are already excluded from consideration. Toby is saying that any objection Olivia might raise has already been waived, legally speaking. Nonsense, but delivered with authority.
MARIA Maria pointing out the money

Ay, but you must confine yourself within the modest limits of order.

Why, he has three thousand a year.

He's got three thousand a year in income.

3000 a year rich as hell

SIR TOBY Sir Toby confident in Andrew's marriage prospects

Confine? I’ll confine myself no finer than I am. These clothes are good

enough to drink in, and so be these boots too; and they be not, let

them hang themselves in their own straps.

Ay, but he'll have but a year of that kind of fortune. He shall marry Olivia and he shall be of great fortune, though he shall be strange to her.

Yeah, but that won't last long. Once he marries Olivia, he'll be rolling in it. Though she'll probably think he's weird.

yeah but once he marries olivia he's set for life even if shes weirded out by him

MARIA Maria skeptical

That quaffing and drinking will undo you: I heard my lady talk of it

yesterday; and of a foolish knight that you brought in one night here

to be her wooer.

What is the reason of this?

Why would she marry him?

why would she marry him

SIR TOBY Sir Toby selling Andrew's dubious qualities

Who? Sir Andrew Aguecheek?

What is any reason? He has all the marks of a man: he fights you as readily as any man in Illyria, dances as bravely as any man, and he will play at the virginals as skillfully as any man. Besides, he has all the good gifts of nature.

What reason does she need? He's a total package—he fights, he dances, he plays music. He's got everything a woman could want.

hes a catch fights, dances plays music got everything

MARIA Maria sarcastically adding one more thing

Ay, he.

And an excellent head of hair besides.

And great hair, don't forget.

nice hair too

SIR TOBY Sir Toby missing Maria's sarcasm entirely

He’s as tall a man as any’s in Illyria.

Why, that is what I say—nature gave him a most excellent gift of hair.

Exactly—the guy's got great hair. That's one of nature's gifts to him.

yeah thats what im saying hair is a gift

MARIA Maria realistic about Andrew's chances

What’s that to th’ purpose?

But I doubt he will ever get Olivia because he doesn't understand what she wants in a man.

But honestly, Olivia won't look twice because he doesn't get what she's actually into.

olivia wont even look at him he doesn't get what she wants

SIR TOBY Sir Toby completely missing the point

Why, he has three thousand ducats a year.

What is she into? Does she have a leg?

What does she want? Is she human?

what does she want shes human right

MARIA Maria explaining why Sir Toby's plan is doomed

Ay, but he’ll have but a year in all these ducats. He’s a very fool,

and a prodigal.

Sir, I have known her since she was born. She is witty, brilliant, likes music, loves gaming, and has all the accomplishments of a lady. But she's sworn seven years of seclusion, during which time she will not be seen by any man.

I've known her my whole life. She's smart, clever, loves music and games—she's basically got it all. But she took this crazy vow—seven years of hiding away. No guy gets to see her.

shes brilliant witty, loves music and games but shes sworn off men 7 years no suitors allowed

SIR TOBY Sir Toby's drunken confidence in Andrew

Fie, that you’ll say so! he plays o’ the viol-de-gamboys, and speaks

three or four languages word for word without book, and hath all the

good gifts of nature.

She has no reason to keep this vow as long as you live.

Well, she might change her mind while you're around to convince her.

she might change it with you here

MARIA Maria laying down the challenge

He hath indeed, almost natural: for, besides that he’s a fool, he’s a

great quarreller; and, but that he hath the gift of a coward to allay

the gust he hath in quarrelling, ’tis thought among the prudent he

would quickly have the gift of a grave.

If you desire the success of the matter, you must go and see her. If you don't attempt it, you will never succeed.

If you actually want this to happen, you've got to go see her. If you don't try, it's over.

you gotta try or you get nothing

"almost natural" 'Natural' in Elizabethan English meant both 'innate' and 'simple-minded/idiot.' Maria is saying Andrew's gifts are almost literally those of a natural fool.
SIR TOBY Andrew looking for cosmic justification

By this hand, they are scoundrels and substractors that say so of him.

Who are they?

Were we not born under Taurus?

Weren't we born under Taurus?

werent we born under taurus

MARIA Sir Toby committing to the plan

They that add, moreover, he’s drunk nightly in your company.

Taurus? That does not worry me. I'll bring you there before you leave.

Taurus? Forget about it. I'm getting you in to see her before you go.

taurus dont matter im getting you to her

SIR TOBY Sir Toby sealing the deal with alcohol

With drinking healths to my niece; I’ll drink to her as long as there

is a passage in my throat, and drink in Illyria. He’s a coward and a

coystril that will not drink to my niece till his brains turn o’ the

toe like a parish top. What, wench! _Castiliano vulgo:_ for here comes

Sir Andrew Agueface.

Come here. Before we go any further, I will give you such a bottle of wine as will tell us who is a coward and who is a brave man.

Come on. Let's have a drink first. We'll see who's got the guts and who doesn't.

lets drink find out who's brave

"Castiliano vulgo" Scholars have never agreed on what this means. It may be a corruption of a Spanish or Italian phrase meaning 'speak properly' or 'put on a sober face.' Toby uses it as a command to Maria to look respectable before Andrew arrives.
Enter Sir Andrew.
AGUECHEEK

Sir Toby Belch! How now, Sir Toby Belch?

Sir Toby Belch! How now, Sir Toby Belch?

sir toby belch! how now, sir toby belch?

Sir Toby Belch! How now, Sir Toby Belch?

SIR TOBY

Sweet Sir Andrew!

Sweet Sir Andrew!

sweet sir andrew!

Sweet Sir Andrew!

First appearance
SIR ANDREW

Andrew is the play's great inadvertent comedian — he mishears, misunderstands, and then agrees enthusiastically with whatever the last person said. Watch for his habit of trying to keep up with wordplay and landing exactly one beat too late.

SIR ANDREW

Bless you, fair shrew.

Bless you, fair shrew.

bless you, fair shrew.

Bless you, fair shrew.

MARIA

And you too, sir.

And you too, sir.

and you too, sir.

And you too, sir.

SIR TOBY

Accost, Sir Andrew, accost.

Accost, Sir Andrew, accost.

accost, sir andrew, accost.

Accost, Sir Andrew, accost.

SIR ANDREW

What’s that?

What’s that?

what’s that?

What’s that?

SIR TOBY

My niece’s chamber-maid.

My niece’s chamber-maid.

my niece’s chamber-maid.

My niece’s chamber-maid.

SIR ANDREW

Good Mistress Accost, I desire better acquaintance.

Good Mistress Accost, I desire better acquaintance.

good mistress accost, i desire better acquaintance.

Good Mistress Accost, I desire better acquaintance.

MARIA

My name is Mary, sir.

My name is Mary, sir.

my name is mary, sir.

My name is Mary, sir.

SIR ANDREW

Good Mistress Mary Accost,—

Good Mistress Mary Accost,—

good mistress mary accost,—

Good Mistress Mary Accost,—

SIR TOBY

You mistake, knight: accost is front her, board her, woo her, assail

her.

You mistake, knight: accost is front her, board her, woo her, assail her.

you mistake, knight: accost is front her, board her, woo her, assail her.

You mistake, knight: accost is front her, board her, woo her, assail her.

"board her, woo her, assail her" All three words have nautical double meanings: 'board' a ship, 'assail' (assault) a target. Toby's vocabulary of courtship is entirely combative, which says something about his attitude to love.
SIR ANDREW

By my troth, I would not undertake her in this company. Is that the

meaning of accost?

By my troth, I would not undertake her in this company. Is that the meaning of accost?

by my troth, i would not undertake her in this company. is that the meaning of accost?

By my troth, I would not undertake her in this company. Is that the meaning of accost?

MARIA

Fare you well, gentlemen.

Fare you well, gentlemen.

fare you well, gentlemen.

Fare you well, gentlemen.

SIR TOBY

And thou let part so, Sir Andrew, would thou mightst never draw sword

again.

And you let part so, Sir Andrew, would you mightst never draw sword again.

and you let part so, sir andrew, would you mightst never draw sword again.

And thou let part so, Sir Andrew, would thou mightst never draw sword again.

SIR ANDREW

And you part so, mistress, I would I might never draw sword again. Fair

lady, do you think you have fools in hand?

And you part so, mistress, I would I might never draw sword again. Fair lady, do you think you have fools in hand?

and you part so, mistress, i would i might never draw sword again. fair lady, do you think you have fools in hand?

And you part so, mistress, I would I might never draw sword again. Fair lady, do you think you have fools in hand?

MARIA

Sir, I have not you by the hand.

Sir, I have not you by the hand.

sir, i have not you by the hand.

Sir, I have not you by the hand.

SIR ANDREW

Marry, but you shall have, and here’s my hand.

Marry, but you shall have, and here’s my hand.

marry, but you shall have, and here’s my hand.

Marry, but you shall have, and here’s my hand.

MARIA

Now, sir, thought is free. I pray you, bring your hand to th’ buttery

bar and let it drink.

Now, sir, yought is free. I pray you, bring your hand to th’ buttery bar and let it drink.

now, sir, yought is free. i pray you, bring your hand to th’ buttery bar and let it drink.

Now, sir, thought is free. I pray you, bring your hand to th’ buttery bar and let it drink.

SIR ANDREW

Wherefore, sweetheart? What’s your metaphor?

Wherefore, sweetheart? What’s your metaphor?

wherefore, sweetheart? what’s your metaphor?

Wherefore, sweetheart? What’s your metaphor?

MARIA

It’s dry, sir.

It’s dry, sir.

it’s dry, sir.

It’s dry, sir.

"It's dry, sir" A dry palm in folk medicine meant a cold, dull constitution and low virility. Maria is telling him his hand (and by extension his wit and his appeal) is lifeless. Andrew misses it completely.
SIR ANDREW

Why, I think so; I am not such an ass but I can keep my hand dry. But

what’s your jest?

Why, I think so; I am not such an ass but I can keep my hand dry. But what’s your jest?

why, i think so; i am not such an ass but i can keep my hand dry. but what’s your jest?

Why, I think so; I am not such an ass but I can keep my hand dry. But what’s your jest?

MARIA

A dry jest, sir.

A dry jest, sir.

a dry jest, sir.

A dry jest, sir.

SIR ANDREW

Are you full of them?

Are you full of them?

are you full of them?

Are you full of them?

MARIA

Ay, sir, I have them at my fingers’ ends: marry, now I let go your

hand, I am barren.

Ay, sir, I have them at my fingers’ ends: marry, now I let go your hand, I am barren.

ay, sir, i have them at my fingers’ ends: marry, now i let go your hand, i am barren.

Ay, sir, I have them at my fingers’ ends: marry, now I let go your hand, I am barren.

[_Exit Maria._]
SIR TOBY

O knight, thou lack’st a cup of canary: When did I see thee so put

down?

O knight, you lack’st a cup of canary: When did I see thee so put down?

o knight, you lack’st a cup of canary: when did i see thee so put down?

O knight, thou lack’st a cup of canary: When did I see thee so put down?

SIR ANDREW

Never in your life, I think, unless you see canary put me down.

Methinks sometimes I have no more wit than a Christian or an ordinary

man has; but I am a great eater of beef, and I believe that does harm

to my wit.

Never in your life, I think, unless you see canary put me down. Methinks sometimes I have no more wit than a Christian or an ordinary man has; but I am a great eater of beef, and I believe that does harm to my wit.

never in your life, i think, unless you see canary put me down. methinks sometimes i have no more wit than a christian or an ordinary man has; but i am a great eater of beef, and i believe that does harm to my wit.

Never in your life, I think, unless you see canary put me down. Methinks sometimes I have no more wit than a Christian or an ordinary man has; but I am a great eater of beef, and I believe that does harm

"great eater of beef, and I believe that does harm to my wit" A common Elizabethan belief that eating beef made one slow-witted and dull. Andrew's self-diagnosis is accurate — and delivered with total earnestness.
SIR TOBY

No question.

No question.

no question.

No question.

SIR ANDREW

And I thought that, I’d forswear it. I’ll ride home tomorrow, Sir Toby.

And I yought that, I’d forswear it. I’ll ride home tomorrow, Sir Toby.

and i yought that, i’d forswear it. i’ll ride home tomorrow, sir toby.

And I thought that, I’d forswear it. I’ll ride home tomorrow, Sir Toby.

SIR TOBY

_Pourquoy_, my dear knight?

_Pourquoy_, my dear knight?

_pourquoy_, my dear knight?

_Pourquoy_, my dear knight?

SIR ANDREW

What is _pourquoy?_ Do, or not do? I would I had bestowed that time in

the tongues that I have in fencing, dancing, and bear-baiting. O, had I

but followed the arts!

What is _pourquoy?_ Do, or not do? I would I had bestowed that time in the tongues that I have in fencing, dancing, and bear-baiting. O, had I but followed the arts!

what is _pourquoy?_ do, or not do? i would i had bestowed that time in the tongues that i have in fencing, dancing, and bear-baiting. o, had i but followed the arts!

What is _pourquoy?_ Do, or not do? I would I had bestowed that time in the tongues that I have in fencing, dancing, and bear-baiting. O, had I but followed the arts!

SIR TOBY

Then hadst thou had an excellent head of hair.

Then hadst you had an excellent head of hair.

then hadst you had an excellent head of hair.

Then hadst thou had an excellent head of hair.

"Then hadst thou had an excellent head of hair" 'Arts' in Elizabethan phrasing included hairdressing. Toby's non sequitur makes no sense — which is exactly the point. Andrew doesn't notice.
SIR ANDREW

Why, would that have mended my hair?

Why, would that have mended my hair?

why, would that have mended my hair?

Why, would that have mended my hair?

SIR TOBY

Past question; for thou seest it will not curl by nature.

Past question; for you seest it will not curl by nature.

past question; for you seest it will not curl by nature.

Past question; for thou seest it will not curl by nature.

SIR ANDREW

But it becomes me well enough, does’t not?

But it becomes me well enough, does’t not?

but it becomes me well enough, does’t not?

But it becomes me well enough, does’t not?

SIR TOBY

Excellent, it hangs like flax on a distaff; and I hope to see a

huswife take thee between her legs, and spin it off.

Excellent, it hangs like flax on a distaff; and I hope to see a huswife take thee between her legs, and spin it off.

excellent, it hangs like flax on a distaff; and i hope to see a huswife take thee between her legs, and spin it off.

Excellent, it hangs like flax on a distaff; and I hope to see a huswife take thee between her legs, and spin it off.

SIR ANDREW

Faith, I’ll home tomorrow, Sir Toby; your niece will not be seen, or if

she be, it’s four to one she’ll none of me; the Count himself here hard

by woos her.

Faith, I’ll home tomorrow, Sir Toby; your niece will not be seen, or if she be, it’s four to one she’ll none of me; the Count himself here hard by woos her.

faith, i’ll home tomorrow, sir toby; your niece will not be seen, or if she be, it’s four to one she’ll none of me; the count himself here hard by woos her.

Faith, I’ll home tomorrow, Sir Toby; your niece will not be seen, or if she be, it’s four to one she’ll none of me; the Count himself here hard by woos her.

SIR TOBY

She’ll none o’ the Count; she’ll not match above her degree, neither in

estate, years, nor wit; I have heard her swear’t. Tut, there’s life

in’t, man.

She’ll none o’ the Count; she’ll not match above her degree, neither in estate, years, nor wit; I have heard her swear’t. Tut, there’s life in’t, man.

she’ll none o’ the count; she’ll not match above her degree, neither in estate, years, nor wit; i have heard her swear’t. tut, there’s life in’t, man.

She’ll none o’ the Count; she’ll not match above her degree, neither in estate, years, nor wit; I have heard her swear’t. Tut, there’s life in’t, man.

🎭 Dramatic irony Sir Toby assures Andrew that Olivia has sworn never to marry above her rank — information he's either invented or distorted to keep Andrew's money flowing. The audience can sense the con even if Andrew can't.
SIR ANDREW

I’ll stay a month longer. I am a fellow o’ the strangest mind i’ the

world; I delight in masques and revels sometimes altogether.

I’ll stay a month longer. I am a fellow o’ the strangest mind i’ the world; I delight in masques and revels sometimes altogether.

i’ll stay a month longer. i am a fellow o’ the strangest mind i’ the world; i delight in masques and revels sometimes altogether.

I’ll stay a month longer. I am a fellow o’ the strangest mind i’ the world; I delight in masques and revels sometimes altogether.

SIR TOBY

Art thou good at these kick-shawses, knight?

Art you good at these kick-shawses, knight?

art you good at these kick-shawses, knight?

Art thou good at these kick-shawses, knight?

SIR ANDREW

As any man in Illyria, whatsoever he be, under the degree of my

betters; and yet I will not compare with an old man.

As any man in Illyria, whatsoever he be, under the degree of my betters; and yet I will not compare with an old man.

as any man in illyria, whatsoever he be, under the degree of my betters; and yet i will not compare with an old man.

As any man in Illyria, whatsoever he be, under the degree of my betters; and yet I will not compare with an old man.

SIR TOBY

What is thy excellence in a galliard, knight?

What is your excellence in a galliard, knight?

what is your excellence in a galliard, knight?

What is thy excellence in a galliard, knight?

SIR ANDREW

Faith, I can cut a caper.

Faith, I can cut a caper.

faith, i can cut a caper.

Faith, I can cut a caper.

SIR TOBY

And I can cut the mutton to’t.

And I can cut the mutton to’t.

and i can cut the mutton to’t.

And I can cut the mutton to’t.

SIR ANDREW

And I think I have the back-trick simply as strong as any man in

Illyria.

And I think I have the back-trick simply as strong as any man in Illyria.

and i think i have the back-trick simply as strong as any man in illyria.

And I think I have the back-trick simply as strong as any man in Illyria.

SIR TOBY

Wherefore are these things hid? Wherefore have these gifts a curtain

before ’em? Are they like to take dust, like Mistress Mall’s picture?

Why dost thou not go to church in a galliard, and come home in a

coranto? My very walk should be a jig; I would not so much as make

water but in a sink-a-pace. What dost thou mean? Is it a world to hide

virtues in? I did think, by the excellent constitution of thy leg, it

was formed under the star of a galliard.

Wherefore are these things hid? Wherefore have these gifts a curtain before ’em? Are they like to take dust, like Mistress Mall’s picture? Why dost you not go to church in a galliard, and come home in a coranto? My very walk should be a jig; I would not so much as make water but in a sink-a-pace. What dost you mean? Is it a world to hide virtues in? I did think, by the excellent constitution of your leg, it was formed under the star of a galliard.

wherefore are these things hid? wherefore have these gifts a curtain before ’em? are they like to take dust, like mistress mall’s picture? why dost you not go to church in a galliard, and come home in a coranto? my very walk should be a jig; i would not so much as make water but in a sink-a-pace. what dost you mean? is it a world to hide virtues in? i did think, by the excellent constitution of your leg, it was formed under the star of a galliard.

Wherefore are these things hid? Wherefore have these gifts a curtain before ’em? Are they like to take dust, like Mistress Mall’s picture? Why dost thou not go to church in a galliard, and come home in a

"like Mistress Mall's picture" A reference to a covered portrait — possibly a real person known to the audience, possibly just a stock image of a painting kept under wraps. The point is: something hidden that should be displayed.
SIR ANDREW

Ay, ’tis strong, and it does indifferent well in a dam’d-colour’d

stock. Shall we set about some revels?

Ay, ’tis strong, and it does indifferent well in a dam’d-colour’d stock. Shall we set about some revels?

ay, ’tis strong, and it does indifferent well in a dam’d-colour’d stock. shall we set about some revels?

Ay, ’tis strong, and it does indifferent well in a dam’d-colour’d stock. Shall we set about some revels?

SIR TOBY

What shall we do else? Were we not born under Taurus?

What shall we do else? Were we not born under Taurus?

what shall we do else? were we not born under taurus?

What shall we do else? Were we not born under Taurus?

SIR ANDREW

Taurus? That’s sides and heart.

Taurus? That’s sides and heart.

taurus? that’s sides and heart.

Taurus? That’s sides and heart.

"Taurus? That's sides and heart" Medieval astrology assigned each zodiac sign to body parts. Andrew gets it wrong — Taurus governed the neck and throat in the standard tables. Sir Toby cheerfully corrects him to 'legs and thighs,' which also appears to be wrong. Neither man knows what they're talking about.
SIR TOBY

No, sir, it is legs and thighs. Let me see thee caper. Ha, higher: ha,

ha, excellent!

No, sir, it is legs and thighs. Let me see thee caper. Ha, higher: ha, ha, excellent!

no, sir, it is legs and thighs. let me see thee caper. ha, higher: ha, ha, excellent!

No, sir, it is legs and thighs. Let me see thee caper. Ha, higher: ha, ha, excellent!

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

After Viola's focused, urgent opening scene, Shakespeare cuts to pure comic relief — a drunk uncle and his even drunker friend. The tonal whiplash is deliberate. Sir Toby is running a con on Sir Andrew (milking him for free lodging and entertainment money), and Andrew is too dim to see it. What you're left with is a portrait of wasted potential and cheerful self-deception so accurate it's almost painful — and somehow still hilarious.

If this happened today…

Your rich friend's uncle has been crashing on her couch for six months claiming he's 'in between things.' He's convinced her neighbor — who has a trust fund but the personality of a golden retriever — to hang around in hopes of dating her, mostly so the uncle has someone to drink with. The neighbor genuinely thinks he's funny. He is not. But he's generous with the credit card, and the uncle is not above using that.

Continue to 1.4 →