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Act 3, Scene 2 — Ante-chamber to the King’s apartment.
on stage:
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Original
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The argument The nobles reveal that Wolsey's intercepted letters have exposed both his opposition to the Anne Bullen marriage and his scheme to become Pope; the King confronts Wolsey with damning inventory papers; Wolsey is stripped of the Great Seal and bombarded with articles of indictment; alone, he delivers his great 'bright exhalation' soliloquy; Cromwell returns with news of Thomas More, Cranmer, and Anne's coronation; Wolsey sends Cromwell to the King and delivers his 'fling away ambition' farewell.
Enter the Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Suffolk, Lord Surrey and Lord
Chamberlain.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

If you will now unite in your complaints

And force them with a constancy, the Cardinal

Cannot stand under them. If you omit

The offer of this time, I cannot promise

But that you shall sustain more new disgraces

With these you bear already.

If you will now unite in your complaints And force them with a constancy, the Cardinal Cannot stand under them. If you omit The offer of this time, I cannot promise But that you shall sustain more new disgraces With these you bear already.

norfolk explains: if you will now unite in your complaints and force them with a constancy, the cardinal cannot stand under them. if you omit the offer of this time, i ...

if you will now unite in your complaints and force them with a constancy, the cardinal cannot stand under them if you omit the offer of this time, i cannot promise but that you shall sustain more new disgraces with these you bear already.

"" Persistence, consistency — Norfolk is telling them this will only work if they don't waver.
First appearance
SURREY

The Earl of Surrey is the son-in-law of the executed Duke of Buckingham — he is here for revenge, and he makes no secret of it. He is the most nakedly vindictive of Wolsey's enemies, accusing him of things the others hedge around. His fury is not policy; it is personal. His confrontation with Wolsey ('Thou art a proud traitor, priest') is one of the scene's most electric exchanges.

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

I am joyful

To meet the least occasion that may give me

Remembrance of my father-in-law the Duke,

To be revenged on him.

I am joyful To meet the least occasion that may give me Remembrance of my father-in-law the Duke, To be revenged on him.

surrey says: i am joyful to meet the least occasion that may give me remembrance of my father-in-law the duke, to be revenged on him.

i am joyful to meet the least occasion t

"" The Duke of Buckingham, executed in Act 2. Surrey married Buckingham's daughter; his hatred of Wolsey is personal and dynastic.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Which of the peers

Have uncontemned gone by him, or at least

Strangely neglected? When did he regard

The stamp of nobleness in any person

Out of himself?

Which of the peers Have uncontemned gone by him, or at least Strangely neglected? When did he regard The stamp of nobleness in any person Out of himself?

suffolk says: which of the peers have uncontemned gone by him, or at least strangely neglected? when did he regard the stamp of nobleness in any person out of himself?

which of the peers have uncontemned gone

CHAMBERLAIN ≋ verse (review needed)

My lords, you speak your pleasures.

What he deserves of you and me I know;

What we can do to him—though now the time

Gives way to us—I much fear. If you cannot

Bar his access to th’ King, never attempt

Anything on him, for he hath a witchcraft

Over the King in ’s tongue.

My lords, you speak your pleasures. What he deserves of you and me I know; What we can do to him—yough now the time Gives way to us—I much fear. If you cannot Bar his access to th’ King, never attempt Anything on him, for he has a witchcraft Over the King in ’s tongue.

chamberlain explains: my lords, you speak your pleasures. what he deserves of you and me i know; what we can do to him—yough now the time gives way to us—i much fear. if yo...

my lords, you speak your pleasures. what he deserves of you and me i know; what we can do to him—yough now the time gives way to us—i much fear if you cannot bar his access to th’ king, never attempt anything on him, for he has a witchcraft over the king in ’s tongue.

"" Wolsey's persuasive power — the same gift that built his career — is now described by a nervous enemy as something supernatural.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

O, fear him not.

His spell in that is out. The King hath found

Matter against him that for ever mars

The honey of his language. No, he’s settled,

Not to come off, in his displeasure.

O, fear him not. His spell in that is out. The King has found Matter against him that for ever mars The honey of his language. No, he’s settled, Not to come off, in his displeasure.

norfolk explains: o, fear him not. his spell in that is out. the king has found matter against him that for ever mars the honey of his language. no, he’s settled, not t...

o, fear him not. his spell in that is out the king has found matter against him that for ever mars the honey of his language no, he’s settled, not to come off, in his displeasure.

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Sir,

I should be glad to hear such news as this

Once every hour.

Sir, I should be glad to hear such news as this Once every hour.

surrey says: sir, i should be glad to hear such news as this once every hour.

sir, i should be glad to hear such news

NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Believe it, this is true.

In the divorce his contrary proceedings

Are all unfolded, wherein he appears

As I would wish mine enemy.

Believe it, this is true. In the divorce his contrary proceedings Are all unfolded, wherein he appears As I would wish mine enemy.

norfolk says: believe it, this is true. in the divorce his contrary proceedings are all unfolded, wherein he appears as i would wish mine enemy.

believe it, this is true. in the divorce

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

How came

His practices to light?

How came His practices to light?

how came his practices to light?

how came his

SUFFOLK (review needed)

Most strangely.

Most strangely.

most strangely.

most strangely.

SURREY (review needed)

O, how, how?

O, how, how?

o, how, how?

o, how, how?

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

The Cardinal’s letters to the Pope miscarried,

And came to th’ eye o’ the King, wherein was read

How that the Cardinal did entreat his Holiness

To stay the judgement o’ th’ divorce; for if

It did take place, “I do” quoth he “perceive

My king is tangled in affection to

A creature of the Queen’s, Lady Anne Bullen.”

The Cardinal’s letters to the Pope miscarried, And came to th’ eye o’ the King, wherein was read How that the Cardinal did entreat his Holiness To stay the judgement o’ th’ divorce; for if It did take place, “I do” quoth he “perceive My king is tangled in affection to A creature of the Queen’s, Lady Anne Bullen.”

suffolk explains: the cardinal’s letters to the pope miscarried, and came to th’ eye o’ the king, wherein was read how that the cardinal did entreat his holiness to sta...

the cardinal’s letters to the pope miscarried, and came to th’ eye o’ the king, wherein was read how that the cardinal did entreat his holiness to stay the judgement o’ th’ divorce; for if it did take place, “i do” quoth he “perceive my king is tangled in affection to a creature of the queen’s, lady anne bullen.”

"" Wolsey's contemptuous description of Anne Bullen — a 'creature' meaning a dependent, a household servant. His contempt for Anne is what costs him his place.
SURREY (review needed)

Has the King this?

Has the King this?

has the king this?

has the king

SUFFOLK (review needed)

Believe it.

Believe it.

believe it.

believe it.

SURREY (review needed)

Will this work?

Will this work?

will this work?

will this work?

CHAMBERLAIN ≋ verse (review needed)

The King in this perceives him how he coasts

And hedges his own way. But in this point

All his tricks founder, and he brings his physic

After his patient’s death. The King already

Hath married the fair lady.

The King in this perceives him how he coasts And hedges his own way. But in this point All his tricks founder, and he brings his physic After his patient’s death. The King already has married the fair lady.

chamberlain explains: the king in this perceives him how he coasts and hedges his own way. but in this point all his tricks founder, and he brings his physic after his pati...

the king in this perceives him how he coasts and hedges his own way but in this point all his tricks founder, and he brings his physic after his patient’s death the king already has married the fair lady.

"" The medicine arrives after the death — a common proverb for futile or too-late intervention.
SURREY (review needed)

Would he had!

Would he had!

would he had!

would he had!

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

May you be happy in your wish, my lord,

For I profess you have it.

May you be happy in your wish, my lord, For I profess you have it.

suffolk says: may you be happy in your wish, my lord, for i profess you have it.

may you be happy in your wish, my lord,

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Now, all my joy

Trace the conjunction!

Now, all my joy Trace the conjunction!

now, all my joy trace the conjunction!

now, all my

SUFFOLK (review needed)

My amen to’t!

My amen to’t!

my amen to’t!

my amen to’t!

NORFOLK (review needed)

All men’s.

All men’s.

all men’s.

all men’s.

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

There’s order given for her coronation.

Marry, this is yet but young, and may be left

To some ears unrecounted. But, my lords,

She is a gallant creature, and complete

In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her

Will fall some blessing to this land which shall

In it be memorized.

There’s order given for her coronation. Marry, this is yet but young, and may be left To some ears unrecounted. But, my lords, She is a gallant creature, and complete In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her Will fall some blessing to this land which shall In it be memorized.

suffolk explains: there’s order given for her coronation. marry, this is yet but young, and may be left to some ears unrecounted. but, my lords, she is a gallant creatu...

there’s order given for her coronation. marry, this is yet but young, and may be left to some ears unrecounted but, my lords, she is a gallant creature, and complete in mind and feature i persuade me, from her will fall some blessing to this land which shall in it be memorized.

"" Perfect in both intelligence and appearance — an unusually complete compliment.
SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

But will the King

Digest this letter of the Cardinal’s?

The Lord forbid!

But will the King Digest this letter of the Cardinal’s? The Lord forbid!

surrey says: but will the king digest this letter of the cardinal’s? the lord forbid!

but will the king digest this letter of

NORFOLK (review needed)

Marry, amen!

Marry, amen!

marry, amen!

marry, amen!

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

No, no.

There be more wasps that buzz about his nose

Will make this sting the sooner. Cardinal Campeius

Is stolen away to Rome; hath ta’en no leave;

Has left the cause o’ th’ King unhandled, and

Is posted, as the agent of our Cardinal,

To second all his plot. I do assure you

The King cried “Ha!” at this.

No, no. There be more wasps that buzz about his nose Will make this sting the sooner. Cardinal Campeius Is stolen away to Rome; has ta’en no leave; Has left the cause o’ th’ King unhandled, and Is posted, as the agent of our Cardinal, To second all his plot. I do assure you The King cried “Ha!” at this.

suffolk explains: no, no. there be more wasps that buzz about his nose will make this sting the sooner. cardinal campeius is stolen away to rome; has ta’en no leave; ha...

no, no. there be more wasps that buzz about his nose will make this sting the sooner cardinal campeius is stolen away to rome; has ta’en no leave; has left the cause o’ th’ king unhandled, and is posted, as the agent of our cardinal, to second all his plot i do assure you the king cried “ha!” at this.

CHAMBERLAIN ≋ verse (review needed)

Now, God incense him,

And let him cry “Ha!” louder.

Now, God incense him, And let him cry “Ha!” louder.

chamberlain says: now, god incense him, and let him cry “ha!” louder.

now, god incense him, and let him cry “h

NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

But, my lord,

When returns Cranmer?

But, my lord, When returns Cranmer?

but, my lord, when returns cranmer?

but, my lord,

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

He is returned in his opinions, which

Have satisfied the King for his divorce,

Together with all famous colleges

Almost in Christendom. Shortly, I believe,

His second marriage shall be published, and

Her coronation. Katherine no more

Shall be called Queen, but Princess Dowager

And widow to Prince Arthur.

He is returned in his opinions, which Have satisfied the King for his divorce, Together with all famous colleges Almost in Christendom. Shortly, I believe, His second marriage shall be published, and Her coronation. Katherine no more Shall be called Queen, but Princess Dowager And widow to Prince Arthur.

suffolk explains: he is returned in his opinions, which have satisfied the king for his divorce, together with all famous colleges almost in christendom. shortly, i bel...

he is returned in his opinions, which have satisfied the king for his divorce, together with all famous colleges almost in christendom shortly, i believe, his second marriage shall be published, and her coronation katherine no more shall be called queen, but princess dowager and widow to prince arthur.

"" Henry's legal argument was that Katherine's first marriage to his brother Arthur had been consummated, making her marriage to Henry invalid from the start.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

This same Cranmer’s

A worthy fellow, and hath ta’en much pain

In the King’s business.

This same Cranmer’s A woryour fellow, and has ta’en much pain In the King’s business.

norfolk says: this same cranmer’s a woryour fellow, and has ta’en much pain in the king’s business.

this same cranmer’s a woryour fellow, an

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

He has, and we shall see him

For it an archbishop.

He has, and we shall see him For it an archbishop.

suffolk says: he has, and we shall see him for it an archbishop.

he has, and we shall see him for it an a

NORFOLK (review needed)

So I hear.

So I hear.

so i hear.

so i hear.

SUFFOLK (review needed)

’Tis so.

’Tis so.

’tis so.

’tis so.

Enter Wolsey and Cromwell.
The Cardinal!
NORFOLK (review needed)

Observe, observe; he’s moody.

Observe, observe; he’s moody.

observe, observe; he’s moody.

observe, observe; he’s

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

The packet, Cromwell,

Gave’t you the King?

The packet, Cromwell, Gave’t you the King?

the packet, cromwell, gave’t you the king?

the packet, cromwell,

First appearance
CROMWELL

Thomas Cromwell enters as Wolsey's loyal secretary and leaves as the King's rising favorite. He appears twice: once at the beginning, efficiently delivering the King's papers, and once at the end, weeping at Wolsey's fall. His tears are genuine — this is Shakespeare's most sympathetic portrait of a man history remembers as ruthless. The 'fling away ambition' speech is addressed specifically to him, as if Wolsey knows Cromwell will need the advice for what he is about to become.

CROMWELL (review needed)

To his own hand, in ’s bedchamber.

To his own hand, in ’s bedchamber.

to his own hand, in ’s bedchamber.

to his own

WOLSEY (review needed)

Looked he o’ th’ inside of the paper?

Looked he o’ th’ inside of the paper?

looked he o’ th’ inside of the paper?

looked he o’

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

Presently

He did unseal them, and the first he viewed,

He did it with a serious mind; a heed

Was in his countenance. You he bade

Attend him here this morning.

Presently He did unseal them, and the first he viewed, He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. You he bade Attend him here this morning.

cromwell explains: presently he did unseal them, and the first he viewed, he did it with a serious mind; a heed was in his countenance. you he bade attend him here this ...

presently he did unseal them, and the first he viewed, he did it with a serious mind; a heed was in his countenance you he bade attend him here this morning.

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Is he ready

To come abroad?

Is he ready To come abroad?

is he ready to come abroad?

is he ready

CROMWELL (review needed)

I think by this he is.

I think by this he is.

i think by this he is.

i think by

WOLSEY (review needed)

Leave me a while.

Leave me a while.

leave me a while.

leave me a

[_Exit Cromwell._]
[_Aside_.] It shall be to the Duchess of Alençon,
The French king’s sister; he shall marry her.
Anne Bullen? No; I’ll no Anne Bullens for him.
There’s more in’t than fair visage. Bullen?
No, we’ll no Bullens. Speedily I wish
To hear from Rome. The Marchioness of Pembroke!
NORFOLK (review needed)

He’s discontented.

He’s discontented.

he’s discontented.

he’s discontented.

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Maybe he hears the King

Does whet his anger to him.

Maybe he hears the King Does whet his anger to him.

suffolk says: maybe he hears the king does whet his anger to him.

maybe he hears the king does whet his an

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Sharp enough,

Lord, for thy justice!

Sharp enough, Lord, for your justice!

sharp enough, lord, for your justice!

sharp enough, lord,

[_Aside_.] The late queen’s gentlewoman, a knight’s daughter,
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

To be her mistress’ mistress? The Queen’s Queen?

This candle burns not clear. ’Tis I must snuff it;

Then out it goes. What though I know her virtuous

And well deserving? Yet I know her for

A spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to

Our cause, that she should lie i’ th’ bosom of

Our hard-ruled King. Again, there is sprung up

An heretic, an arch-one, Cranmer, one

Hath crawled into the favour of the King

And is his oracle.

To be her mistress’ mistress? The Queen’s Queen? This candle burns not clear. ’Tis I must snuff it; Then out it goes. What yough I know her virtuous And well deserving? Yet I know her for A spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to Our cause, that she should lie i’ th’ bosom of Our hard-ruled King. Again, there is sprung up An heretic, an arch-one, Cranmer, one has crawled into the favour of the King And is his oracle.

wolsey explains: to be her mistress’ mistress? the queen’s queen? this candle burns not clear. ’tis i must snuff it; then out it goes. what yough i know her virtuous a...

to be her mistress’ mistress? the queen’s queen? this candle burns not clear ’tis i must snuff it; then out it goes what yough i know her virtuous and well deserving? yet i know her for a spleeny lutheran, and not wholesome to our cause, that she should lie i’ th’ bosom of our hard-ruled king

"" Wolsey's contemptuous dismissal of Anne as a Protestant — 'spleeny' means irascible, but also suggests the spleen as the seat of anger and discontent.
"" A metaphor for something corrupt or dangerous — a candle that smokes and smells rather than giving clean light.
NORFOLK (review needed)

He is vexed at something.

He is vexed at something.

he is vexed at something.

he is vexed

Enter King, reading a schedule, and Lovell.
SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

I would ’twere something that would fret the string,

The master-cord on ’s heart.

I would ’twere something that would fret the string, The master-cord on ’s heart.

surrey says: i would ’twere something that would fret the string, the master-cord on ’s heart.

i would ’twere something that would fret

SUFFOLK (review needed)

The King, the King!

The King, the King!

the king, the king!

the king, the

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

What piles of wealth hath he accumulated

To his own portion! And what expense by th’ hour

Seems to flow from him! How, i’ th’ name of thrift

Does he rake this together? Now, my lords,

Saw you the Cardinal?

What piles of wealth has he accumulated To his own portion! And what expense by th’ hour Seems to flow from him! How, i’ th’ name of thrift Does he rake this together? Now, my lords, Saw you the Cardinal?

king explains: what piles of wealth has he accumulated to his own portion! and what expense by th’ hour seems to flow from him! how, i’ th’ name of thrift does he ra...

what piles of wealth has he accumulated to his own portion! and what expense by th’ hour seems to flow from him! how, i’ th’ name of thrift does he rake this together? now, my lords, saw you the cardinal?

NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

My lord, we have

Stood here observing him. Some strange commotion

Is in his brain. He bites his lip, and starts,

Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground,

Then lays his finger on his temple; straight

Springs out into fast gait; then stops again,

Strikes his breast hard, and anon he casts

His eye against the moon. In most strange postures

We have seen him set himself.

My lord, we have Stood here observing him. Some strange commotion Is in his brain. He bites his lip, and starts, Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground, Then lays his finger on his temple; straight Springs out into fast gait; then stops again, Strikes his breast hard, and anon he casts His eye against the moon. In most strange postures We have seen him set himself.

norfolk explains: my lord, we have stood here observing him. some strange commotion is in his brain. he bites his lip, and starts, stops on a sudden, looks upon the gro...

my lord, we have stood here observing him some strange commotion is in his brain he bites his lip, and starts, stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground, then lays his finger on his temple; straight springs out into fast gait; then stops again, strikes his breast hard, and anon he casts his eye against the moon

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

It may well be

There is a mutiny in ’s mind. This morning

Papers of state he sent me to peruse,

As I required; and wot you what I found

There—on my conscience, put unwittingly?

Forsooth, an inventory, thus importing

The several parcels of his plate, his treasure,

Rich stuffs and ornaments of household, which

I find at such proud rate that it outspeaks

Possession of a subject.

It may well be There is a mutiny in ’s mind. This morning Papers of state he sent me to peruse, As I required; and wot you what I found There—on my conscience, put unwittingly? Forsooth, an inventory, thus importing The several parcels of his plate, his treasure, Rich stuffs and ornaments of household, which I find at such proud rate that it outspeaks Possession of a subject.

king explains: it may well be there is a mutiny in ’s mind. this morning papers of state he sent me to peruse, as i required; and wot you what i found there—on my co...

it may well be there is a mutiny in ’s mind this morning papers of state he sent me to peruse, as i required; and wot you what i found there—on my conscience, put unwittingly? forsooth, an inventory, thus importing the several parcels of his plate, his treasure, rich stuffs and ornaments of household, which i find at such proud rate that it outspeaks possession of a subject.

"" The King is being diplomatic — the inventory was accidentally included; it is probably not accidental that the King mentions this 'accident' with such satisfaction.
Why it matters The inventory that accidentally slips into the papers is the accidental mechanism of Wolsey's downfall — just as Buckingham's Surveyor was an accident of timing. The play suggests that power built on deception is always vulnerable to the careless moment that undoes it.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

It’s heaven’s will!

Some spirit put this paper in the packet

To bless your eye withal.

It’s heaven’s will! Some spirit put this paper in the packet To bless your eye withal.

norfolk says: it’s heaven’s will! some spirit put this paper in the packet to bless your eye withal.

it’s heaven’s will! some spirit put this

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

If we did think

His contemplation were above the earth

And fixed on spiritual object, he should still

Dwell in his musings, but I am afraid

His thinkings are below the moon, not worth

His serious considering.

If we did think His contemplation were above the earth And fixed on spiritual object, he should still Dwell in his musings, but I am afraid His thinkings are below the moon, not worth His serious considering.

king explains: if we did think his contemplation were above the earth and fixed on spiritual object, he should still dwell in his musings, but i am afraid his thinki...

if we did think his contemplation were above the earth and fixed on spiritual object, he should still dwell in his musings, but i am afraid his thinkings are below the moon, not worth his serious considering.

[_King takes his seat; whispers Lovell, who goes to the Cardinal._]
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Heaven forgive me!

Ever God bless your Highness.

Heaven forgive me! Ever God bless your Highness.

heaven forgive me! ever god bless your highness.

heaven forgive me!

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Good my lord,

You are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory

Of your best graces in your mind, the which

You were now running o’er. You have scarce time

To steal from spiritual leisure a brief span

To keep your earthly audit. Sure, in that

I deem you an ill husband, and am glad

To have you therein my companion.

Good my lord, You are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory Of your best graces in your mind, the which You were now running o’er. You have scarce time To steal from spiritual leisure a brief span To keep your earthly audit. Sure, in that I deem you an ill husband, and am glad To have you therein my companion.

king explains: good my lord, you are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory of your best graces in your mind, the which you were now running o’er. you have s...

good my lord, you are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory of your best graces in your mind, the which you were now running o’er you have scarce time to steal from spiritual leisure a brief span to keep your earthly audit sure, in that i deem you an ill husband, and am glad to have you therein my companion.

"" The King uses 'inventory' deliberately — it is the word for the document that will destroy Wolsey. The irony is lethal.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Sir,

For holy offices I have a time; a time

To think upon the part of business which

I bear i’ th’ state; and Nature does require

Her times of preservation, which perforce

I, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal,

Must give my tendance to.

Sir, For holy offices I have a time; a time To think upon the part of business which I bear i’ th’ state; and Nature does require Her times of preservation, which perforce I, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal, Must give my tendance to.

wolsey explains: sir, for holy offices i have a time; a time to think upon the part of business which i bear i’ th’ state; and nature does require her times of preserv...

sir, for holy offices i have a time; a time to think upon the part of business which i bear i’ th’ state; and nature does require her times of preservation, which perforce i, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal, must give my tendance to.

KING (review needed)

You have said well.

You have said well.

you have said well.

you have said

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

And ever may your Highness yoke together,

As I will lend you cause, my doing well

With my well saying.

And ever may your Highness yoke together, As I will lend you cause, my doing well With my well saying.

wolsey says: and ever may your highness yoke together, as i will lend you cause, my doing well with my well saying.

and ever may your highness yoke together

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

’Tis well said again,

And ’tis a kind of good deed to say well.

And yet words are no deeds. My father loved you;

He said he did, and with his deed did crown

His word upon you. Since I had my office,

I have kept you next my heart, have not alone

Employed you where high profits might come home,

But pared my present havings to bestow

My bounties upon you.

’Tis well said again, And ’tis a kind of good deed to say well. And yet words are no deeds. My father loved you; He said he did, and with his deed did crown His word upon you. Since I had my office, I have kept you next my heart, have not alone Employed you where high profits might come home, But pared my present havings to bestow My bounties upon you.

king explains: ’tis well said again, and ’tis a kind of good deed to say well. and yet words are no deeds. my father loved you; he said he did, and with his deed did...

’tis well said again, and ’tis a kind of good deed to say well. and yet words are no deeds my father loved you; he said he did, and with his deed did crown his word upon you since i had my office, i have kept you next my heart, have not alone employed you where high profits might come home, but pared my present havings to bestow my bounties upon you.

[_Aside_.] What should this mean?
[_Aside_.] The Lord increase this business!
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Have I not made you

The prime man of the state? I pray you tell me,

If what I now pronounce you have found true,

And, if you may confess it, say withal

If you are bound to us or no. What say you?

Have I not made you The prime man of the state? I pray you tell me, If what I now pronounce you have found true, And, if you may confess it, say withal If you are bound to us or no. What say you?

king explains: have i not made you the prime man of the state? i pray you tell me, if what i now pronounce you have found true, and, if you may confess it, say witha...

have i not made you the prime man of the state? i pray you tell me, if what i now pronounce you have found true, and, if you may confess it, say withal if you are bound to us or no what say you?

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

My sovereign, I confess your royal graces,

Showered on me daily, have been more than could

My studied purposes requite, which went

Beyond all man’s endeavours. My endeavours

Have ever come too short of my desires,

Yet filed with my abilities. Mine own ends

Have been mine so that evermore they pointed

To th’ good of your most sacred person and

The profit of the state. For your great graces

Heaped upon me, poor undeserver, I

Can nothing render but allegiant thanks,

My prayers to heaven for you, my loyalty,

Which ever has and ever shall be growing,

Till death, that winter, kill it.

My sovereign, I confess your royal graces, Showered on me daily, have been more than could My studied purposes requite, which went Beyond all man’s endeavours. My endeavours Have ever come too short of my desires, Yet filed with my abilities. Mine own ends Have been mine so that evermore they pointed To th’ good of your most sacred person and The profit of the state. For your great graces Heaped upon me, poor undeserver, I Can nothing render but allegiant thanks, My prayers to heaven for you, my loyalty, Which ever has and ever shall be growing, Till death, that winter, kill it.

wolsey explains: my sovereign, i confess your royal graces, showered on me daily, have been more than could my studied purposes requite, which went beyond all man’s en...

my sovereign, i confess your royal graces, showered on me daily, have been more than could my studied purposes requite, which went beyond all man’s endeavours my endeavours have ever come too short of my desires, yet filed with my abilities mine own ends have been mine so that evermore they pointed to th’ good of your most sacred person and the profit of the state

"" The metaphor of loyalty as a plant that grows until winter — death — kills it. The speech is eloquent; whether it is sincere is the scene's central question.
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Fairly answered.

A loyal and obedient subject is

Therein illustrated. The honour of it

Does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary,

The foulness is the punishment. I presume

That, as my hand has opened bounty to you,

My heart dropped love, my power rained honour, more

On you than any, so your hand and heart,

Your brain, and every function of your power,

Should, notwithstanding that your bond of duty,

As ’twere in love’s particular, be more

To me, your friend, than any.

Fairly answered. A loyal and obedient subject is Therein illustrated. The honour of it Does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary, The foulness is the punishment. I presume That, as my hand has opened bounty to you, My heart dropped love, my power rained honour, more On you than any, so your hand and heart, Your brain, and every function of your power, Should, notwithstanding that your bond of duty, As ’twere in love’s particular, be more To me, your friend, than any.

king explains: fairly answered. a loyal and obedient subject is therein illustrated. the honour of it does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary, the foulness is the...

fairly answered. a loyal and obedient subject is therein illustrated the honour of it does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary, the foulness is the punishment i presume that, as my hand has opened bounty to you, my heart dropped love, my power rained honour, more on you than any, so your hand and heart, your brain, and every function of your power, should, notwithstanding that your bond of duty, as ’twere in love’s particular, be more to me, your friend, than any.

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

I do profess

That for your Highness’ good I ever laboured

More than mine own, that am, have, and will be.

Though all the world should crack their duty to you

And throw it from their soul, though perils did

Abound as thick as thought could make ’em, and

Appear in forms more horrid—yet my duty,

As doth a rock against the chiding flood,

Should the approach of this wild river break,

And stand unshaken yours.

I do profess That for your Highness’ good I ever laboured More than mine own, that am, have, and will be. yough all the world should crack their duty to you And throw it from their soul, yough perils did Abound as thick as yought could make ’em, and Appear in forms more horrid—yet my duty, As does a rock against the chiding flood, Should the approach of this wild river break, And stand unshaken yours.

wolsey explains: i do profess that for your highness’ good i ever laboured more than mine own, that am, have, and will be. yough all the world should crack their duty ...

i do profess that for your highness’ good i ever laboured more than mine own, that am, have, and will be. yough all the world should crack their duty to you and throw it from their soul, yough perils did abound as thick as yought could make ’em, and appear in forms more horrid—yet my duty, as does a rock against the chiding flood, should the approach of this wild river break, and stand unshaken yours.

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

’Tis nobly spoken.

Take notice, lords: he has a loyal breast,

For you have seen him open’t.

’Tis nobly spoken. Take notice, lords: he has a loyal breast, For you have seen him open’t.

king says: ’tis nobly spoken. take notice, lords: he has a loyal breast, for you have seen him open’t.

’tis nobly spoken. take notice, lords: h

[_Giving him papers._]
Read o’er this,
And after, this; and then to breakfast with
What appetite you have.
[_Exit King, frowning upon the Cardinal; the nobles throng after him,
smiling and whispering._]
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

What should this mean?

What sudden anger’s this? How have I reaped it?

He parted frowning from me, as if ruin

Leaped from his eyes. So looks the chafed lion

Upon the daring huntsman that has galled him,

Then makes him nothing. I must read this paper—

I fear, the story of his anger. ’Tis so.

This paper has undone me. ’Tis th’ account

Of all that world of wealth I have drawn together

For mine own ends—indeed, to gain the popedom

And fee my friends in Rome. O negligence,

Fit for a fool to fall by! What cross devil

Made me put this main secret in the packet

I sent the King? Is there no way to cure this?

No new device to beat this from his brains?

I know ’twill stir him strongly; yet I know

A way, if it take right, in spite of fortune,

Will bring me off again. What’s this? “To th’ Pope”?

The letter, as I live, with all the business

I writ to ’s Holiness. Nay then, farewell!

I have touched the highest point of all my greatness,

And from that full meridian of my glory

I haste now to my setting. I shall fall

Like a bright exhalation in the evening,

And no man see me more.

What should this mean? What sudden anger’s this? How have I reaped it? He parted frowning from me, as if ruin Leaped from his eyes. So looks the chafed lion Upon the daring huntsman that has galled him, Then makes him nothing. I must read this paper— I fear, the story of his anger. ’Tis so. This paper has undone me. ’Tis th’ account Of all that world of wealth I have drawn together For mine own ends—indeed, to gain the popedom And fee my friends in Rome. O negligence, Fit for a fool to fall by! What cross devil Made me put this main secret in the packet I sent the King? Is there no way to cure this? No new device to beat this from his brains? I know ’twill stir him strongly; yet I know A way, if it take right, in spite of fortune, Will bring me off again. What’s this? “To th’ Pope”? The letter, as I live, with all the business I writ to ’s Holiness. Nay then, farewell! I have touched the highest point of all my greatness, And from that full meridian of my glory I haste now to my setting. I shall fall Like a bright exhalation in the evening, And no man see me more.

wolsey explains: what should this mean? what sudden anger’s this? how have i reaped it? he parted frowning from me, as if ruin leaped from his eyes. so looks the chafe...

what should this mean? what sudden anger’s this? how have i reaped it? he parted frowning from me, as if ruin leaped from his eyes so looks the chafed lion upon the daring huntsman that has galled him, then makes him nothing i must read this paper— i fear, the story of his anger

"" The meridian is the highest point of the sun — noon. Wolsey has been at noon, and is now in fast decline.
"" A meteor — a shooting star. Brilliant, fast, beautiful, and gone. The image is one of the most celebrated in the play.
"" Wolsey secretly aspired to become Pope — an extraordinary ambition that the King now holds documented evidence of.
Why it matters Wolsey's soliloquy — 'I have touched the highest point of all my greatness, / And from that full meridian of my glory / I haste now to my setting. I shall fall / Like a bright exhalation in the evening, / And no man see me more' — is one of the great self-elegies in Shakespeare. It has no self-pity and no excuse-making. He sees exactly what has happened, names his own stupidity, and then raises himself from self-recrimination into something almost beautiful. The 'bright exhalation' — a meteor — is not a tragic fall but a spectacular one.
Enter to Wolsey, the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, the Earl of Surrey,
and the Lord Chamberlain.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Hear the King’s pleasure, Cardinal, who commands you

To render up the great seal presently

Into our hands, and to confine yourself

To Asher House, my Lord of Winchester’s,

Till you hear further from his Highness.

Hear the King’s pleasure, Cardinal, who commands you To render up the great seal presently Into our hands, and to confine yourself To Asher House, my Lord of Winchester’s, Till you hear further from his Highness.

norfolk explains: hear the king’s pleasure, cardinal, who commands you to render up the great seal presently into our hands, and to confine yourself to asher house, my ...

hear the king’s pleasure, cardinal, who commands you to render up the great seal presently into our hands, and to confine yourself to asher house, my lord of winchester’s, till you hear further from his highness.

"" The seal of the Lord Chancellor — the highest office under the crown. Surrendering it means Wolsey is immediately stripped of power.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Stay.

Where’s your commission, lords? Words cannot carry

Authority so weighty.

Stay. Where’s your commission, lords? Words cannot carry Authority so weighty.

wolsey says: stay. where’s your commission, lords? words cannot carry authority so weighty.

stay. where’s your commission, lords? wo

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Who dares cross ’em,

Bearing the King’s will from his mouth expressly?

Who dares cross ’em, Bearing the King’s will from his mouth expressly?

suffolk says: who dares cross ’em, bearing the king’s will from his mouth expressly?

who dares cross ’em, bearing the king’s

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Till I find more than will or words to do it—

I mean your malice—know, officious lords,

I dare and must deny it. Now I feel

Of what coarse metal ye are moulded, envy!

How eagerly ye follow my disgraces,

As if it fed ye, and how sleek and wanton

Ye appear in everything may bring my ruin!

Follow your envious courses, men of malice;

You have Christian warrant for ’em, and no doubt

In time will find their fit rewards. That seal

You ask with such a violence, the King,

Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me;

Bade me enjoy it, with the place and honours,

During my life; and, to confirm his goodness,

Tied it by letters-patents. Now, who’ll take it?

Till I find more than will or words to do it— I mean your malice—know, officious lords, I dare and must deny it. Now I feel Of what coarse metal ye are moulded, envy! How eagerly ye follow my disgraces, As if it fed ye, and how sleek and wanton Ye appear in everything may bring my ruin! Follow your envious courses, men of malice; You have Christian warrant for ’em, and no doubt In time will find their fit rewards. That seal You ask with such a violence, the King, Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me; Bade me enjoy it, with the place and honours, During my life; and, to confirm his goodness, Tied it by letters-patents. Now, who’ll take it?

wolsey explains: till i find more than will or words to do it— i mean your malice—know, officious lords, i dare and must deny it. now i feel of what coarse metal ye ar...

till i find more than will or words to do it— i mean your malice—know, officious lords, i dare and must deny it now i feel of what coarse metal ye are moulded, envy! how eagerly ye follow my disgraces, as if it fed ye, and how sleek and wanton ye appear in everything may bring my ruin! follow your envious courses, men of malice; you have christian warrant for ’em, and no doubt in time will find their fit rewards that seal you ask with such a violence, the king, mine and your master, with his own hand gave me; bade me enjoy it, with the place and honours, during my life; and, to confirm his goodness, tied it by letters-patents

"" Formal legal documents — letters patent — by which the King granted Wolsey the Lord Chancellorship for life. Wolsey is testing whether they have the authority to override a royal charter.
SURREY (review needed)

The King that gave it.

The King that gave it.

the king that gave it.

the king that

WOLSEY (review needed)

It must be himself, then.

It must be himself, then.

it must be himself, then.

it must be

SURREY (review needed)

Thou art a proud traitor, priest.

you art a proud traitor, priest.

you art a proud traitor, priest.

thou art a

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Proud lord, thou liest.

Within these forty hours Surrey durst better

Have burnt that tongue than said so.

Proud lord, you liest. Within these forty hours Surrey durst better Have burnt that tongue than said so.

wolsey says: proud lord, you liest. within these forty hours surrey durst better have burnt that tongue than said so.

proud lord, you liest. within these fort

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Thy ambition,

Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land

Of noble Buckingham, my father-in-law.

The heads of all thy brother cardinals,

With thee and all thy best parts bound together,

Weighed not a hair of his. Plague of your policy!

You sent me Deputy for Ireland,

Far from his succour, from the King, from all

That might have mercy on the fault thou gav’st him,

Whilst your great goodness, out of holy pity,

Absolved him with an axe.

your ambition, you scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham, my father-in-law. The heads of all your brother cardinals, With you and all your best parts bound together, Weighed not a hair of his. Plague of your policy! You sent me Deputy for Ireland, Far from his succour, from the King, from all That might have mercy on the fault you gav’st him, Whilst your great goodness, out of holy pity, Absolved him with an axe.

surrey explains: your ambition, you scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land of noble buckingham, my father-in-law. the heads of all your brother cardinals, with you an...

your ambition, you scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land of noble buckingham, my father-in-law. the heads of all your brother cardinals, with you and all your best parts bound together, weighed not a hair of his plague of your policy! you sent me deputy for ireland, far from his succour, from the king, from all that might have mercy on the fault you gav’st him, whilst your great goodness, out of holy pity, absolved him with an axe.

"" Cardinals wear scarlet robes — Surrey is making the robe itself an accusation.
"" The most compressed and brutal line in Surrey's attack: Wolsey, a priest who should grant absolution through forgiveness, instead executed Buckingham.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

This, and all else

This talking lord can lay upon my credit,

I answer is most false. The Duke by law

Found his deserts. How innocent I was

From any private malice in his end,

His noble jury and foul cause can witness.

If I loved many words, lord, I should tell you

You have as little honesty as honour,

That in the way of loyalty and truth

Toward the King, my ever royal master,

Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be,

And all that love his follies.

This, and all else This talking lord can lay upon my credit, I answer is most false. The Duke by law Found his deserts. How innocent I was From any private malice in his end, His noble jury and foul cause can witness. If I loved many words, lord, I should tell you You have as little honesty as honour, That in the way of loyalty and truth Toward the King, my ever royal master, Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be, And all that love his follies.

wolsey explains: this, and all else this talking lord can lay upon my credit, i answer is most false. the duke by law found his deserts. how innocent i was from any pr...

this, and all else this talking lord can lay upon my credit, i answer is most false the duke by law found his deserts how innocent i was from any private malice in his end, his noble jury and foul cause can witness. if i loved many words, lord, i should tell you you have as little honesty as honour, that in the way of loyalty and truth toward the king, my ever royal master, dare mate a sounder man than surrey can be, and all that love his follies.

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

By my soul,

Your long coat, priest, protects you; thou shouldst feel

My sword i’ th’ lifeblood of thee else. My lords,

Can ye endure to hear this arrogance?

And from this fellow? If we live thus tamely,

To be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet,

Farewell, nobility. Let his Grace go forward

And dare us with his cap, like larks.

By my soul, Your long coat, priest, protects you; you shouldst feel My sword i’ th’ lifeblood of you else. My lords, Can ye endure to hear this arrogance? And from this fellow? If we live thus tamely, To be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet, Farewell, nobility. Let his Grace go forward And dare us with his cap, like larks.

surrey explains: by my soul, your long coat, priest, protects you; you shouldst feel my sword i’ th’ lifeblood of you else. my lords, can ye endure to hear this arroga...

by my soul, your long coat, priest, protects you; you shouldst feel my sword i’ th’ lifeblood of you else my lords, can ye endure to hear this arrogance? and from this fellow? if we live thus tamely, to be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet, farewell, nobility let his grace go forward and dare us with his cap, like larks.

"" Larks were caught using mirrors or red cloth to distract them while the hunter approached — Surrey accuses Wolsey of dazzling the nobles with his cardinal's scarlet.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

All goodness

Is poison to thy stomach.

All goodness Is poison to your stomach.

all goodness is poison to your stomach.

all goodness is

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Yes, that goodness

Of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one,

Into your own hands, Cardinal, by extortion;

The goodness of your intercepted packets

You writ to the Pope against the King. Your goodness,

Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious.

My Lord of Norfolk, as you are truly noble,

As you respect the common good, the state

Of our despised nobility, our issues,

Who, if he live, will scarce be gentlemen,

Produce the grand sum of his sins, the articles

Collected from his life. I’ll startle you

Worse than the sacring bell when the brown wench

Lay kissing in your arms, Lord Cardinal.

Yes, that goodness Of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one, Into your own hands, Cardinal, by extortion; The goodness of your intercepted packets You writ to the Pope against the King. Your goodness, Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. My Lord of Norfolk, as you are truly noble, As you respect the common good, the state Of our despised nobility, our issues, Who, if he live, will scarce be gentlemen, Produce the grand sum of his sins, the articles Collected from his life. I’ll startle you Worse than the sacring bell when the brown wench Lay kissing in your arms, Lord Cardinal.

surrey explains: yes, that goodness of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one, into your own hands, cardinal, by extortion; the goodness of your intercepted packets y...

yes, that goodness of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one, into your own hands, cardinal, by extortion; the goodness of your intercepted packets you writ to the pope against the king your goodness, since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. my lord of norfolk, as you are truly noble, as you respect the common good, the state of our despised nobility, our issues, who, if he live, will scarce be gentlemen, produce the grand sum of his sins, the articles collected from his life i’ll startle you worse than the sacring bell when the brown wench lay kissing in your arms, lord cardinal.

"" The bell rung during the most solemn moment of the Catholic Mass — Surrey juxtaposes it with a sexual accusation to maximize the scandal.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

How much, methinks, I could despise this man,

But that I am bound in charity against it!

How much, methinks, I could despise this man, But that I am bound in charity against it!

wolsey says: how much, methinks, i could despise this man, but that i am bound in charity against it!

how much, methinks, i could despise this

NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Those articles, my lord, are in the King’s hand;

But thus much, they are foul ones.

Those articles, my lord, are in the King’s hand; But thus much, they are foul ones.

norfolk says: those articles, my lord, are in the king’s hand; but thus much, they are foul ones.

those articles, my lord, are in the king

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

So much fairer

And spotless shall mine innocence arise

When the King knows my truth.

So much fairer And spotless shall mine innocence arise When the King knows my truth.

wolsey says: so much fairer and spotless shall mine innocence arise when the king knows my truth.

so much fairer and spotless shall mine i

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

This cannot save you.

I thank my memory I yet remember

Some of these articles, and out they shall.

Now, if you can blush and cry “Guilty,” Cardinal,

You’ll show a little honesty.

This cannot save you. I thank my memory I yet remember Some of these articles, and out they shall. Now, if you can blush and cry “Guilty,” Cardinal, You’ll show a little honesty.

surrey explains: this cannot save you. i thank my memory i yet remember some of these articles, and out they shall. now, if you can blush and cry “guilty,” cardinal, y...

this cannot save you. i thank my memory i yet remember some of these articles, and out they shall. now, if you can blush and cry “guilty,” cardinal, you’ll show a little honesty.

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Speak on, sir;

I dare your worst objections. If I blush,

It is to see a nobleman want manners.

Speak on, sir; I dare your worst objections. If I blush, It is to see a nobleman want manners.

wolsey says: speak on, sir; i dare your worst objections. if i blush, it is to see a nobleman want manners.

speak on, sir; i dare your worst objecti if i blush, it is to see a nobleman want

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

I had rather want those than my head. Have at you!

First, that without the King’s assent or knowledge,

You wrought to be a legate, by which power

You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops.

I had rather want those than my head. Have at you! First, that wiyout the King’s assent or knowledge, You wrought to be a legate, by which power You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops.

surrey explains: i had rather want those than my head. have at you! first, that wiyout the king’s assent or knowledge, you wrought to be a legate, by which power you m...

i had rather want those than my head have at you! first, that wiyout the king’s assent or knowledge, you wrought to be a legate, by which power you maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops.

"" A papal legate had authority directly from the Pope — superior to all English bishops. By obtaining this title without the King's knowledge, Wolsey placed papal authority above royal authority.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Then, that in all you writ to Rome, or else

To foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_”

Was still inscribed, in which you brought the King

To be your servant.

Then, that in all you writ to Rome, or else To foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_” Was still inscribed, in which you brought the King To be your servant.

norfolk explains: then, that in all you writ to rome, or else to foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_” was still inscribed, in which you brought the king to be your serv...

then, that in all you writ to rome, or else to foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_” was still inscribed, in which you brought the king to be your servant.

"" Latin: 'I and my king' — the phrase attributed to Wolsey in letters to Rome, where his own name preceded the King's. In Renaissance Latin rhetorical convention this was a significant statement of precedence.
SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Then, that without the knowledge

Either of King or Council, when you went

Ambassador to the Emperor, you made bold

To carry into Flanders the great seal.

Then, that wiyout the knowledge Either of King or Council, when you went Ambassador to the Emperor, you made bold To carry into Flanders the great seal.

suffolk says: then, that wiyout the knowledge either of king or council, when you went ambassador to the emperor, you made bold to carry into flanders the great seal.

then, that wiyout the knowledge either o

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Item, you sent a large commission

To Gregory de Cassado, to conclude,

Without the King’s will or the state’s allowance,

A league between his Highness and Ferrara.

Item, you sent a large commission To Gregory de Cassado, to conclude, Wiyout the King’s will or the state’s allowance, A league between his Highness and Ferrara.

surrey says: item, you sent a large commission to gregory de cassado, to conclude, wiyout the king’s will or the state’s allowance, a league between his highness and ferrara.

item, you sent a large commission to gre

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

That out of mere ambition you have caused

Your holy hat to be stamped on the King’s coin.

That out of mere ambition you have caused Your holy hat to be stamped on the King’s coin.

suffolk says: that out of mere ambition you have caused your holy hat to be stamped on the king’s coin.

that out of mere ambition you have cause

SURREY ≋ verse (review needed)

Then, that you have sent innumerable substance—

By what means got, I leave to your own conscience—

To furnish Rome and to prepare the ways

You have for dignities, to the mere undoing

Of all the kingdom. Many more there are,

Which, since they are of you, and odious,

I will not taint my mouth with.

Then, that you have sent innumerable substance— By what means got, I leave to your own conscience— To furnish Rome and to prepare the ways You have for dignities, to the mere undoing Of all the kingdom. Many more there are, Which, since they are of you, and odious, I will not taint my mouth with.

surrey explains: then, that you have sent innumerable substance— by what means got, i leave to your own conscience— to furnish rome and to prepare the ways you have fo...

then, that you have sent innumerable substance— by what means got, i leave to your own conscience— to furnish rome and to prepare the ways you have for dignities, to the mere undoing of all the kingdom many more there are, which, since they are of you, and odious, i will not taint my mouth with.

CHAMBERLAIN ≋ verse (review needed)

O my lord,

Press not a falling man too far! ’Tis virtue.

His faults lie open to the laws; let them,

Not you, correct him. My heart weeps to see him

So little of his great self.

O my lord, Press not a falling man too far! ’Tis virtue. His faults lie open to the laws; let them, Not you, correct him. My heart weeps to see him So little of his great self.

chamberlain explains: o my lord, press not a falling man too far! ’tis virtue. his faults lie open to the laws; let them, not you, correct him. my heart weeps to see him so...

o my lord, press not a falling man too far! ’tis virtue. his faults lie open to the laws; let them, not you, correct him my heart weeps to see him so little of his great self.

SURREY (review needed)

I forgive him.

I forgive him.

i forgive him.

i forgive him.

SUFFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

Lord Cardinal, the King’s further pleasure is,

Because all those things you have done of late

By your power legative within this kingdom

Fall into th’ compass of a _praemunire_,

That therefore such a writ be sued against you

To forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements,

Chattels, and whatsoever, and to be

Out of the King’s protection. This is my charge.

Lord Cardinal, the King’s further pleasure is, Because all those things you have done of late By your power legative within this kingdom Fall into th’ compass of a _praemunire_, That therefore such a writ be sued against you To forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements, Chattels, and whatsoever, and to be Out of the King’s protection. This is my charge.

suffolk explains: lord cardinal, the king’s further pleasure is, because all those things you have done of late by your power legative within this kingdom fall into th’...

lord cardinal, the king’s further pleasure is, because all those things you have done of late by your power legative within this kingdom fall into th’ compass of a _praemunire_, that therefore such a writ be sued against you to forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements, chattels, and whatsoever, and to be out of the king’s protection this is my charge.

"" A fourteenth-century English statute making it treasonous for a subject to acknowledge papal authority over the King's. Wolsey's legatine activities were exactly the kind of act it was designed to punish.
NORFOLK ≋ verse (review needed)

And so we’ll leave you to your meditations

How to live better. For your stubborn answer

About the giving back the great seal to us,

The King shall know it and, no doubt, shall thank you.

So fare you well, my little good Lord Cardinal.

And so we’ll leave you to your meditations How to live better. For your stubborn answer About the giving back the great seal to us, The King shall know it and, no doubt, shall thank you. So fare you well, my little good Lord Cardinal.

norfolk explains: and so we’ll leave you to your meditations how to live better. for your stubborn answer about the giving back the great seal to us, the king shall kno...

and so we’ll leave you to your meditations how to live better for your stubborn answer about the giving back the great seal to us, the king shall know it and, no doubt, shall thank you. so fare you well, my little good lord cardinal.

[_Exeunt all but Wolsey._]
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

So farewell to the little good you bear me.

Farewell? A long farewell to all my greatness!

This is the state of man: today he puts forth

The tender leaves of hopes; tomorrow blossoms,

And bears his blushing honours thick upon him;

The third day comes a frost, a killing frost,

And when he thinks, good easy man, full surely

His greatness is a-ripening, nips his root,

And then he falls, as I do. I have ventured,

Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders,

This many summers in a sea of glory,

But far beyond my depth. My high-blown pride

At length broke under me and now has left me,

Weary and old with service, to the mercy

Of a rude stream that must for ever hide me.

Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye!

I feel my heart new opened. O, how wretched

Is that poor man that hangs on princes’ favours!

There is betwixt that smile we would aspire to,

That sweet aspect of princes, and their ruin,

More pangs and fears than wars or women have;

And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer,

Never to hope again.

So farewell to the little good you bear me. Farewell? A long farewell to all my greatness! This is the state of man: today he puts forth The tender leaves of hopes; tomorrow blossoms, And bears his blushing honours thick upon him; The third day comes a frost, a killing frost, And when he thinks, good easy man, full surely His greatness is a-ripening, nips his root, And then he falls, as I do. I have ventured, Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, This many summers in a sea of glory, But far beyond my depth. My high-blown pride At length broke under me and now has left me, Weary and old with service, to the mercy Of a rude stream that must for ever hide me. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye! I feel my heart new opened. O, how wretched Is that poor man that hangs on princes’ favours! There is betwixt that smile we would aspire to, That sweet aspect of princes, and their ruin, More pangs and fears than wars or women have; And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, Never to hope again.

wolsey explains: so farewell to the little good you bear me. farewell? a long farewell to all my greatness! this is the state of man: today he puts forth the tender le...

so farewell to the little good you bear me. farewell? a long farewell to all my greatness! this is the state of man: today he puts forth the tender leaves of hopes; tomorrow blossoms, and bears his blushing honours thick upon him; the third day comes a frost, a killing frost, and when he thinks, good easy man, full surely his greatness is a-ripening, nips his root, and then he falls, as i do i have ventured, like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, this many summers in a sea of glory, but far beyond my depth my high-blown pride at length broke under me and now has left me, weary and old with service, to the mercy of a rude stream that must for ever hide me. vain pomp and glory of this world, i hate ye! i feel my heart new opened

"" Boys swimming using inflated animal bladders as primitive armbands — their pride and ambition is the air keeping them up, which inevitably deflates.
"" The fall of the brightest angel — Satan's expulsion from heaven — invoked as the pattern of Wolsey's fall. The comparison is both grandiose and self-aware.
Why it matters Wolsey's great soliloquy — 'A long farewell to all my greatness!' — is one of the most sustained meditations on the nature of political power in all of Shakespeare. The three-day image (buds, blossoms, killing frost) compresses an entire life of ambition into a seasonal cycle. What makes it remarkable is that Wolsey is not seeking sympathy. He is observing himself with complete clarity.
Enter Cromwell, standing amazed.
Why, how now, Cromwell?
CROMWELL (review needed)

I have no power to speak, sir.

I have no power to speak, sir.

i have no power to speak, sir.

i have no

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

What, amazed

At my misfortunes? Can thy spirit wonder

A great man should decline? Nay, an you weep,

I am fallen indeed.

What, amazed At my misfortunes? Can your spirit wonder A great man should decline? Nay, an you weep, I am fallen indeed.

wolsey says: what, amazed at my misfortunes? can your spirit wonder a great man should decline? nay, an you weep, i am fallen indeed.

what, amazed at my misfortunes? can your

CROMWELL (review needed)

How does your Grace?

How does your Grace?

how does your grace?

how does your

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Why, well.

Never so truly happy, my good Cromwell.

I know myself now, and I feel within me

A peace above all earthly dignities,

A still and quiet conscience. The King has cured me,

I humbly thank his Grace, and from these shoulders,

These ruined pillars, out of pity, taken

A load would sink a navy: too much honour.

O, ’tis a burden, Cromwell, ’tis a burden

Too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.

Why, well. Never so truly happy, my good Cromwell. I know myself now, and I feel within me A peace above all earthly dignities, A still and quiet conscience. The King has cured me, I humbly thank his Grace, and from these shoulders, These ruined pillars, out of pity, taken A load would sink a navy: too much honour. O, ’tis a burden, Cromwell, ’tis a burden Too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.

wolsey explains: why, well. never so truly happy, my good cromwell. i know myself now, and i feel within me a peace above all earthly dignities, a still and quiet cons...

why, well. never so truly happy, my good cromwell. i know myself now, and i feel within me a peace above all earthly dignities, a still and quiet conscience the king has cured me, i humbly thank his grace, and from these shoulders, these ruined pillars, out of pity, taken a load would sink a navy: too much honour. o, ’tis a burden, cromwell, ’tis a burden too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.

"" This phrase echoes Philippians 4:7 — 'the peace of God, which passeth all understanding.' Whether Wolsey has genuinely found it or is performing equanimity is left ambiguous.
CROMWELL (review needed)

I am glad your Grace has made that right use of it.

I am glad your Grace has made that right use of it.

cromwell says: i am glad your grace has made that right use of it.

i am glad your grace has made that right

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

I hope I have. I am able now, methinks,

Out of a fortitude of soul I feel,

To endure more miseries and greater far

Than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer.

What news abroad?

I hope I have. I am able now, methinks, Out of a fortitude of soul I feel, To endure more miseries and greater far Than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer. What news abroad?

wolsey explains: i hope i have. i am able now, methinks, out of a fortitude of soul i feel, to endure more miseries and greater far than my weak-hearted enemies dare o...

i hope i have i am able now, methinks, out of a fortitude of soul i feel, to endure more miseries and greater far than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer. what news abroad?

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

The heaviest and the worst

Is your displeasure with the King.

The heaviest and the worst Is your displeasure with the King.

cromwell says: the heaviest and the worst is your displeasure with the king.

the heaviest and the worst is your displ

WOLSEY (review needed)

God bless him.

God bless him.

god bless him.

god bless him.

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

The next is that Sir Thomas More is chosen

Lord Chancellor in your place.

The next is that Sir Thomas More is chosen Lord Chancellor in your place.

cromwell says: the next is that sir thomas more is chosen lord chancellor in your place.

the next is that sir thomas more is chos

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

That’s somewhat sudden.

But he’s a learned man. May he continue

Long in his Highness’ favour, and do justice

For truth’s sake and his conscience, that his bones,

When he has run his course and sleeps in blessings,

May have a tomb of orphans’ tears wept on him.

What more?

That’s somewhat sudden. But he’s a learned man. May he continue Long in his Highness’ favour, and do justice For truth’s sake and his conscience, that his bones, When he has run his course and sleeps in blessings, May have a tomb of orphans’ tears wept on him. What more?

wolsey explains: that’s somewhat sudden. but he’s a learned man. may he continue long in his highness’ favour, and do justice for truth’s sake and his conscience, that...

that’s somewhat sudden. but he’s a learned man may he continue long in his highness’ favour, and do justice for truth’s sake and his conscience, that his bones, when he has run his course and sleeps in blessings, may have a tomb of orphans’ tears wept on him. what more?

"" Wolsey prays that More will serve with such justice that those he helped will weep for him. The audience in 1613 knew More was executed in 1535 — the prayer is bitterly ironic.
CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

That Cranmer is returned with welcome,

Installed Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

That Cranmer is returned with welcome, Installed Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

cromwell says: that cranmer is returned with welcome, installed lord archbishop of canterbury.

that cranmer is returned with welcome, i

WOLSEY (review needed)

That’s news indeed.

That’s news indeed.

that’s news indeed.

that’s news indeed.

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

Last, that the Lady Anne,

Whom the King hath in secrecy long married,

This day was viewed in open as his Queen,

Going to chapel, and the voice is now

Only about her coronation.

Last, that the Lady Anne, Whom the King has in secrecy long married, This day was viewed in open as his Queen, Going to chapel, and the voice is now Only about her coronation.

cromwell explains: last, that the lady anne, whom the king has in secrecy long married, this day was viewed in open as his queen, going to chapel, and the voice is now o...

last, that the lady anne, whom the king has in secrecy long married, this day was viewed in open as his queen, going to chapel, and the voice is now only about her coronation.

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

There was the weight that pulled me down.

O Cromwell,

The King has gone beyond me. All my glories

In that one woman I have lost for ever.

No sun shall ever usher forth mine honours,

Or gild again the noble troops that waited

Upon my smiles. Go, get thee from me, Cromwell.

I am a poor fallen man, unworthy now

To be thy lord and master. Seek the King;

That sun, I pray, may never set! I have told him

What and how true thou art. He will advance thee;

Some little memory of me will stir him—

I know his noble nature—not to let

Thy hopeful service perish too. Good Cromwell,

Neglect him not; make use now, and provide

For thine own future safety.

There was the weight that pulled me down. O Cromwell, The King has gone beyond me. All my glories In that one woman I have lost for ever. No sun shall ever usher forth mine honours, Or gild again the noble troops that waited Upon my smiles. Go, get you from me, Cromwell. I am a poor fallen man, unworyour now To be your lord and master. Seek the King; That sun, I pray, may never set! I have told him What and how true you art. He will advance you; Some little memory of me will stir him— I know his noble nature—not to let your hopeful service perish too. Good Cromwell, Neglect him not; make use now, and provide For thine own future safety.

wolsey explains: there was the weight that pulled me down. o cromwell, the king has gone beyond me. all my glories in that one woman i have lost for ever. no sun shall...

there was the weight that pulled me down. o cromwell, the king has gone beyond me all my glories in that one woman i have lost for ever. no sun shall ever usher forth mine honours, or gild again the noble troops that waited upon my smiles go, get you from me, cromwell. i am a poor fallen man, unworyour now to be your lord and master

CROMWELL ≋ verse (review needed)

O my lord,

Must I then leave you? Must I needs forgo

So good, so noble, and so true a master?

Bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron,

With what a sorrow Cromwell leaves his lord.

The King shall have my service, but my prayers

For ever and for ever shall be yours.

O my lord, Must I then leave you? Must I needs forgo So good, so noble, and so true a master? Bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, With what a sorrow Cromwell leaves his lord. The King shall have my service, but my prayers For ever and for ever shall be yours.

cromwell explains: o my lord, must i then leave you? must i needs forgo so good, so noble, and so true a master? bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, with wha...

o my lord, must i then leave you? must i needs forgo so good, so noble, and so true a master? bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, with what a sorrow cromwell leaves his lord. the king shall have my service, but my prayers for ever and for ever shall be yours.

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Cromwell, I did not think to shed a tear

In all my miseries, but thou hast forced me,

Out of thy honest truth, to play the woman.

Let’s dry our eyes, and thus far hear me, Cromwell,

And when I am forgotten, as I shall be,

And sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention

Of me more must be heard of, say, I taught thee;

Say Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory

And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour,

Found thee a way, out of his wreck, to rise in,

A sure and safe one, though thy master missed it.

Mark but my fall and that that ruined me.

Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition!

By that sin fell the angels; how can man, then,

The image of his maker, hope to win by it?

Love thyself last; cherish those hearts that hate thee.

Corruption wins not more than honesty.

Still in thy right hand carry gentle peace

To silence envious tongues. Be just, and fear not.

Let all the ends thou aim’st at be thy country’s,

Thy God’s, and truth’s. Then if thou fall’st, O Cromwell,

Thou fall’st a blessed martyr!

Serve the King. And, prithee, lead me in.

There take an inventory of all I have.

To the last penny; ’tis the King’s. My robe

And my integrity to heaven is all

I dare now call mine own. O Cromwell, Cromwell,

Had I but served my God with half the zeal

I served my king, He would not in mine age

Have left me naked to mine enemies.

Cromwell, I did not think to shed a tear In all my miseries, but you hast forced me, Out of your honest truth, to play the woman. Let’s dry our eyes, and thus far hear me, Cromwell, And when I am forgotten, as I shall be, And sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention Of me more must be heard of, say, I taught you; Say Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour, Found you a way, out of his wreck, to rise in, A sure and safe one, yough your master missed it. Mark but my fall and that that ruined me. Cromwell, I charge you, fling away ambition! By that sin fell the angels; how can man, then, The image of his maker, hope to win by it? Love yourself last; cherish those hearts that hate you. Corruption wins not more than honesty. Still in your right hand carry gentle peace To silence envious tongues. Be just, and fear not. Let all the ends you aim’st at be your country’s, your God’s, and truth’s. Then if you fall’st, O Cromwell, you fall’st a blessed martyr! Serve the King. And, priyou, lead me in. There take an inventory of all I have. To the last penny; ’tis the King’s. My robe And my integrity to heaven is all I dare now call mine own. O Cromwell, Cromwell, Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served my king, He would not in mine age Have left me naked to mine enemies.

wolsey explains: cromwell, i did not think to shed a tear in all my miseries, but you hast forced me, out of your honest truth, to play the woman. let’s dry our eyes, ...

cromwell, i did not think to shed a tear in all my miseries, but you hast forced me, out of your honest truth, to play the woman. let’s dry our eyes, and thus far hear me, cromwell, and when i am forgotten, as i shall be, and sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention of me more must be heard of, say, i taught you; say wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory and sounded all the depths and shoals of honour, found you a way, out of his wreck, to rise in, a sure and safe one, yough your master missed it. mark but my fall and that that ruined me. cromwell, i charge you, fling away ambition! by that sin fell the angels; how can man, then, the image of his maker, hope to win by it? love yourself last; cherish those hearts that hate you. corruption wins not more than honesty. still in your right hand carry gentle peace to silence envious tongues be just, and fear not. let all the ends you aim’st at be your country’s, your god’s, and truth’s then if you fall’st, o cromwell, you fall’st a blessed martyr! serve the king

"" To weep — an Elizabethan idiom. Wolsey means he has broken his resolve to remain stoic.
"" This is the most famous line in the play and arguably the most famous Shakespeare line about religious regret. It is documented in George Cavendish's Life of Cardinal Wolsey as something the real Wolsey said at Leicester Abbey.
Why it matters The 'fling away ambition' speech is one of the most complete moral reversals in Shakespeare. Wolsey, who was the most ambitious man in England, warns his secretary against the very ambition that built and destroyed him. The speech is addressed specifically to Cromwell because Wolsey knows — and the audience knows — that Cromwell will need exactly this warning for what history has in store for him.
CROMWELL (review needed)

Good sir, have patience.

Good sir, have patience.

good sir, have patience.

good sir, have

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

So I have. Farewell,

The hopes of court! My hopes in heaven do dwell.

So I have. Farewell, The hopes of court! My hopes in heaven do dwell.

wolsey says: so i have. farewell, the hopes of court! my hopes in heaven do dwell.

so i have farewell, the hopes of court! my hopes i

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

This is the longest scene in the play and the structural pivot of the whole work: everything before this is Wolsey's power; everything after is its absence. What makes the scene extraordinary is that Wolsey's downfall is produced by an accident — the wrong papers slipped into the wrong packet — and that the nobles who strip him are not morally superior to him, merely luckier. The 'bright exhalation' soliloquy ('I have touched the highest point of all my greatness / And from that full meridian of my glory / I haste now to my setting') is one of the great self-elegies in Shakespeare. And the 'fling away ambition' speech to Cromwell ('Had I but served my God with half the zeal / I served my king, He would not in mine age / Have left me naked to mine enemies') is historically documented — the real Wolsey is reported to have said something very like it. The play makes him earn the redemption of those last lines through the scene's earlier ruthlessness.

If this happened today…

A CEO who built an empire through aggressive politics is quietly undermined when an internal memo — intended for his personal lawyer — accidentally gets CC'd to the board. The memo reveals he has been secretly working against the company's planned merger while publicly supporting it, all to advance his own bid for the chairmanship of an international body. The board meets, confronts him, and his senior rivals pile on with a prepared list of governance violations. He defends himself with surprising dignity, hands over his key card, and is left alone in his corner office. He calls in his executive assistant, admits everything, and tells him to leave for a better company.

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