If you will now unite in your complaints
And force them with a constancy, the Cardinal
Cannot stand under them. If you omit
The offer of this time, I cannot promise
But that you shall sustain more new disgraces
With these you bear already.
If you will now unite in your complaints And force them with a constancy, the Cardinal Cannot stand under them. If you omit The offer of this time, I cannot promise But that you shall sustain more new disgraces With these you bear already.
norfolk explains: if you will now unite in your complaints and force them with a constancy, the cardinal cannot stand under them. if you omit the offer of this time, i ...
if you will now unite in your complaints and force them with a constancy, the cardinal cannot stand under them if you omit the offer of this time, i cannot promise but that you shall sustain more new disgraces with these you bear already.
The Earl of Surrey is the son-in-law of the executed Duke of Buckingham — he is here for revenge, and he makes no secret of it. He is the most nakedly vindictive of Wolsey's enemies, accusing him of things the others hedge around. His fury is not policy; it is personal. His confrontation with Wolsey ('Thou art a proud traitor, priest') is one of the scene's most electric exchanges.
I am joyful
To meet the least occasion that may give me
Remembrance of my father-in-law the Duke,
To be revenged on him.
I am joyful To meet the least occasion that may give me Remembrance of my father-in-law the Duke, To be revenged on him.
surrey says: i am joyful to meet the least occasion that may give me remembrance of my father-in-law the duke, to be revenged on him.
i am joyful to meet the least occasion t
Which of the peers
Have uncontemned gone by him, or at least
Strangely neglected? When did he regard
The stamp of nobleness in any person
Out of himself?
Which of the peers Have uncontemned gone by him, or at least Strangely neglected? When did he regard The stamp of nobleness in any person Out of himself?
suffolk says: which of the peers have uncontemned gone by him, or at least strangely neglected? when did he regard the stamp of nobleness in any person out of himself?
which of the peers have uncontemned gone
My lords, you speak your pleasures.
What he deserves of you and me I know;
What we can do to him—though now the time
Gives way to us—I much fear. If you cannot
Bar his access to th’ King, never attempt
Anything on him, for he hath a witchcraft
Over the King in ’s tongue.
My lords, you speak your pleasures. What he deserves of you and me I know; What we can do to him—yough now the time Gives way to us—I much fear. If you cannot Bar his access to th’ King, never attempt Anything on him, for he has a witchcraft Over the King in ’s tongue.
chamberlain explains: my lords, you speak your pleasures. what he deserves of you and me i know; what we can do to him—yough now the time gives way to us—i much fear. if yo...
my lords, you speak your pleasures. what he deserves of you and me i know; what we can do to him—yough now the time gives way to us—i much fear if you cannot bar his access to th’ king, never attempt anything on him, for he has a witchcraft over the king in ’s tongue.
O, fear him not.
His spell in that is out. The King hath found
Matter against him that for ever mars
The honey of his language. No, he’s settled,
Not to come off, in his displeasure.
O, fear him not. His spell in that is out. The King has found Matter against him that for ever mars The honey of his language. No, he’s settled, Not to come off, in his displeasure.
norfolk explains: o, fear him not. his spell in that is out. the king has found matter against him that for ever mars the honey of his language. no, he’s settled, not t...
o, fear him not. his spell in that is out the king has found matter against him that for ever mars the honey of his language no, he’s settled, not to come off, in his displeasure.
Sir,
I should be glad to hear such news as this
Once every hour.
Sir, I should be glad to hear such news as this Once every hour.
surrey says: sir, i should be glad to hear such news as this once every hour.
sir, i should be glad to hear such news
Believe it, this is true.
In the divorce his contrary proceedings
Are all unfolded, wherein he appears
As I would wish mine enemy.
Believe it, this is true. In the divorce his contrary proceedings Are all unfolded, wherein he appears As I would wish mine enemy.
norfolk says: believe it, this is true. in the divorce his contrary proceedings are all unfolded, wherein he appears as i would wish mine enemy.
believe it, this is true. in the divorce
How came
His practices to light?
How came His practices to light?
how came his practices to light?
how came his
Most strangely.
Most strangely.
most strangely.
most strangely.
O, how, how?
O, how, how?
o, how, how?
o, how, how?
The Cardinal’s letters to the Pope miscarried,
And came to th’ eye o’ the King, wherein was read
How that the Cardinal did entreat his Holiness
To stay the judgement o’ th’ divorce; for if
It did take place, “I do” quoth he “perceive
My king is tangled in affection to
A creature of the Queen’s, Lady Anne Bullen.”
The Cardinal’s letters to the Pope miscarried, And came to th’ eye o’ the King, wherein was read How that the Cardinal did entreat his Holiness To stay the judgement o’ th’ divorce; for if It did take place, “I do” quoth he “perceive My king is tangled in affection to A creature of the Queen’s, Lady Anne Bullen.”
suffolk explains: the cardinal’s letters to the pope miscarried, and came to th’ eye o’ the king, wherein was read how that the cardinal did entreat his holiness to sta...
the cardinal’s letters to the pope miscarried, and came to th’ eye o’ the king, wherein was read how that the cardinal did entreat his holiness to stay the judgement o’ th’ divorce; for if it did take place, “i do” quoth he “perceive my king is tangled in affection to a creature of the queen’s, lady anne bullen.”
Has the King this?
Has the King this?
has the king this?
has the king
Believe it.
Believe it.
believe it.
believe it.
Will this work?
Will this work?
will this work?
will this work?
The King in this perceives him how he coasts
And hedges his own way. But in this point
All his tricks founder, and he brings his physic
After his patient’s death. The King already
Hath married the fair lady.
The King in this perceives him how he coasts And hedges his own way. But in this point All his tricks founder, and he brings his physic After his patient’s death. The King already has married the fair lady.
chamberlain explains: the king in this perceives him how he coasts and hedges his own way. but in this point all his tricks founder, and he brings his physic after his pati...
the king in this perceives him how he coasts and hedges his own way but in this point all his tricks founder, and he brings his physic after his patient’s death the king already has married the fair lady.
Would he had!
Would he had!
would he had!
would he had!
May you be happy in your wish, my lord,
For I profess you have it.
May you be happy in your wish, my lord, For I profess you have it.
suffolk says: may you be happy in your wish, my lord, for i profess you have it.
may you be happy in your wish, my lord,
Now, all my joy
Trace the conjunction!
Now, all my joy Trace the conjunction!
now, all my joy trace the conjunction!
now, all my
My amen to’t!
My amen to’t!
my amen to’t!
my amen to’t!
All men’s.
All men’s.
all men’s.
all men’s.
There’s order given for her coronation.
Marry, this is yet but young, and may be left
To some ears unrecounted. But, my lords,
She is a gallant creature, and complete
In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her
Will fall some blessing to this land which shall
In it be memorized.
There’s order given for her coronation. Marry, this is yet but young, and may be left To some ears unrecounted. But, my lords, She is a gallant creature, and complete In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her Will fall some blessing to this land which shall In it be memorized.
suffolk explains: there’s order given for her coronation. marry, this is yet but young, and may be left to some ears unrecounted. but, my lords, she is a gallant creatu...
there’s order given for her coronation. marry, this is yet but young, and may be left to some ears unrecounted but, my lords, she is a gallant creature, and complete in mind and feature i persuade me, from her will fall some blessing to this land which shall in it be memorized.
But will the King
Digest this letter of the Cardinal’s?
The Lord forbid!
But will the King Digest this letter of the Cardinal’s? The Lord forbid!
surrey says: but will the king digest this letter of the cardinal’s? the lord forbid!
but will the king digest this letter of
Marry, amen!
Marry, amen!
marry, amen!
marry, amen!
No, no.
There be more wasps that buzz about his nose
Will make this sting the sooner. Cardinal Campeius
Is stolen away to Rome; hath ta’en no leave;
Has left the cause o’ th’ King unhandled, and
Is posted, as the agent of our Cardinal,
To second all his plot. I do assure you
The King cried “Ha!” at this.
No, no. There be more wasps that buzz about his nose Will make this sting the sooner. Cardinal Campeius Is stolen away to Rome; has ta’en no leave; Has left the cause o’ th’ King unhandled, and Is posted, as the agent of our Cardinal, To second all his plot. I do assure you The King cried “Ha!” at this.
suffolk explains: no, no. there be more wasps that buzz about his nose will make this sting the sooner. cardinal campeius is stolen away to rome; has ta’en no leave; ha...
no, no. there be more wasps that buzz about his nose will make this sting the sooner cardinal campeius is stolen away to rome; has ta’en no leave; has left the cause o’ th’ king unhandled, and is posted, as the agent of our cardinal, to second all his plot i do assure you the king cried “ha!” at this.
Now, God incense him,
And let him cry “Ha!” louder.
Now, God incense him, And let him cry “Ha!” louder.
chamberlain says: now, god incense him, and let him cry “ha!” louder.
now, god incense him, and let him cry “h
Wolsey's fall in this play is triggered by an accident: the wrong inventory is placed in the packet of state papers sent to the King. This is historically documented. The historical Wolsey did accidentally send personal financial accounts to Henry along with official papers, giving the King direct evidence of his wealth. What Shakespeare (and Fletcher) emphasize by staging this accident is the play's recurring pattern: great men fall through small mistakes. Buckingham falls through a Surveyor's testimony; Wolsey falls through a misfiled document. The play does not show these men destroyed by brilliant enemies or righteous kings — they are undone by the accidental mechanism of the world. The lesson is not that justice prevails but that carelessness in high places carries catastrophic consequences.
But, my lord,
When returns Cranmer?
But, my lord, When returns Cranmer?
but, my lord, when returns cranmer?
but, my lord,
He is returned in his opinions, which
Have satisfied the King for his divorce,
Together with all famous colleges
Almost in Christendom. Shortly, I believe,
His second marriage shall be published, and
Her coronation. Katherine no more
Shall be called Queen, but Princess Dowager
And widow to Prince Arthur.
He is returned in his opinions, which Have satisfied the King for his divorce, Together with all famous colleges Almost in Christendom. Shortly, I believe, His second marriage shall be published, and Her coronation. Katherine no more Shall be called Queen, but Princess Dowager And widow to Prince Arthur.
suffolk explains: he is returned in his opinions, which have satisfied the king for his divorce, together with all famous colleges almost in christendom. shortly, i bel...
he is returned in his opinions, which have satisfied the king for his divorce, together with all famous colleges almost in christendom shortly, i believe, his second marriage shall be published, and her coronation katherine no more shall be called queen, but princess dowager and widow to prince arthur.
This same Cranmer’s
A worthy fellow, and hath ta’en much pain
In the King’s business.
This same Cranmer’s A woryour fellow, and has ta’en much pain In the King’s business.
norfolk says: this same cranmer’s a woryour fellow, and has ta’en much pain in the king’s business.
this same cranmer’s a woryour fellow, an
He has, and we shall see him
For it an archbishop.
He has, and we shall see him For it an archbishop.
suffolk says: he has, and we shall see him for it an archbishop.
he has, and we shall see him for it an a
So I hear.
So I hear.
so i hear.
so i hear.
’Tis so.
’Tis so.
’tis so.
’tis so.
Observe, observe; he’s moody.
Observe, observe; he’s moody.
observe, observe; he’s moody.
observe, observe; he’s
The packet, Cromwell,
Gave’t you the King?
The packet, Cromwell, Gave’t you the King?
the packet, cromwell, gave’t you the king?
the packet, cromwell,
Thomas Cromwell enters as Wolsey's loyal secretary and leaves as the King's rising favorite. He appears twice: once at the beginning, efficiently delivering the King's papers, and once at the end, weeping at Wolsey's fall. His tears are genuine — this is Shakespeare's most sympathetic portrait of a man history remembers as ruthless. The 'fling away ambition' speech is addressed specifically to him, as if Wolsey knows Cromwell will need the advice for what he is about to become.
To his own hand, in ’s bedchamber.
To his own hand, in ’s bedchamber.
to his own hand, in ’s bedchamber.
to his own
Looked he o’ th’ inside of the paper?
Looked he o’ th’ inside of the paper?
looked he o’ th’ inside of the paper?
looked he o’
Presently
He did unseal them, and the first he viewed,
He did it with a serious mind; a heed
Was in his countenance. You he bade
Attend him here this morning.
Presently He did unseal them, and the first he viewed, He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. You he bade Attend him here this morning.
cromwell explains: presently he did unseal them, and the first he viewed, he did it with a serious mind; a heed was in his countenance. you he bade attend him here this ...
presently he did unseal them, and the first he viewed, he did it with a serious mind; a heed was in his countenance you he bade attend him here this morning.
Is he ready
To come abroad?
Is he ready To come abroad?
is he ready to come abroad?
is he ready
I think by this he is.
I think by this he is.
i think by this he is.
i think by
Leave me a while.
Leave me a while.
leave me a while.
leave me a
He’s discontented.
He’s discontented.
he’s discontented.
he’s discontented.
Maybe he hears the King
Does whet his anger to him.
Maybe he hears the King Does whet his anger to him.
suffolk says: maybe he hears the king does whet his anger to him.
maybe he hears the king does whet his an
Sharp enough,
Lord, for thy justice!
Sharp enough, Lord, for your justice!
sharp enough, lord, for your justice!
sharp enough, lord,
'I have touched the highest point of all my greatness, / And from that full meridian of my glory / I haste now to my setting. I shall fall / Like a bright exhalation in the evening, / And no man see me more.' The 'bright exhalation' is a meteor — what Elizabethans called a 'shooting star,' which was understood as matter from the earth briefly catching fire in the upper air before burning out. The image is precisely calibrated: Wolsey is not a fixed star (a genuinely great soul) but a bright, brief, and ultimately earthly fire. It is one of the most self-aware images of political ambition in all of English literature — Wolsey uses natural science to explain himself and finds a metaphor that is simultaneously beautiful and self-condemning.
To be her mistress’ mistress? The Queen’s Queen?
This candle burns not clear. ’Tis I must snuff it;
Then out it goes. What though I know her virtuous
And well deserving? Yet I know her for
A spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to
Our cause, that she should lie i’ th’ bosom of
Our hard-ruled King. Again, there is sprung up
An heretic, an arch-one, Cranmer, one
Hath crawled into the favour of the King
And is his oracle.
To be her mistress’ mistress? The Queen’s Queen? This candle burns not clear. ’Tis I must snuff it; Then out it goes. What yough I know her virtuous And well deserving? Yet I know her for A spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to Our cause, that she should lie i’ th’ bosom of Our hard-ruled King. Again, there is sprung up An heretic, an arch-one, Cranmer, one has crawled into the favour of the King And is his oracle.
wolsey explains: to be her mistress’ mistress? the queen’s queen? this candle burns not clear. ’tis i must snuff it; then out it goes. what yough i know her virtuous a...
to be her mistress’ mistress? the queen’s queen? this candle burns not clear ’tis i must snuff it; then out it goes what yough i know her virtuous and well deserving? yet i know her for a spleeny lutheran, and not wholesome to our cause, that she should lie i’ th’ bosom of our hard-ruled king
He is vexed at something.
He is vexed at something.
he is vexed at something.
he is vexed
I would ’twere something that would fret the string,
The master-cord on ’s heart.
I would ’twere something that would fret the string, The master-cord on ’s heart.
surrey says: i would ’twere something that would fret the string, the master-cord on ’s heart.
i would ’twere something that would fret
The King, the King!
The King, the King!
the king, the king!
the king, the
What piles of wealth hath he accumulated
To his own portion! And what expense by th’ hour
Seems to flow from him! How, i’ th’ name of thrift
Does he rake this together? Now, my lords,
Saw you the Cardinal?
What piles of wealth has he accumulated To his own portion! And what expense by th’ hour Seems to flow from him! How, i’ th’ name of thrift Does he rake this together? Now, my lords, Saw you the Cardinal?
king explains: what piles of wealth has he accumulated to his own portion! and what expense by th’ hour seems to flow from him! how, i’ th’ name of thrift does he ra...
what piles of wealth has he accumulated to his own portion! and what expense by th’ hour seems to flow from him! how, i’ th’ name of thrift does he rake this together? now, my lords, saw you the cardinal?
My lord, we have
Stood here observing him. Some strange commotion
Is in his brain. He bites his lip, and starts,
Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground,
Then lays his finger on his temple; straight
Springs out into fast gait; then stops again,
Strikes his breast hard, and anon he casts
His eye against the moon. In most strange postures
We have seen him set himself.
My lord, we have Stood here observing him. Some strange commotion Is in his brain. He bites his lip, and starts, Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground, Then lays his finger on his temple; straight Springs out into fast gait; then stops again, Strikes his breast hard, and anon he casts His eye against the moon. In most strange postures We have seen him set himself.
norfolk explains: my lord, we have stood here observing him. some strange commotion is in his brain. he bites his lip, and starts, stops on a sudden, looks upon the gro...
my lord, we have stood here observing him some strange commotion is in his brain he bites his lip, and starts, stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground, then lays his finger on his temple; straight springs out into fast gait; then stops again, strikes his breast hard, and anon he casts his eye against the moon
It may well be
There is a mutiny in ’s mind. This morning
Papers of state he sent me to peruse,
As I required; and wot you what I found
There—on my conscience, put unwittingly?
Forsooth, an inventory, thus importing
The several parcels of his plate, his treasure,
Rich stuffs and ornaments of household, which
I find at such proud rate that it outspeaks
Possession of a subject.
It may well be There is a mutiny in ’s mind. This morning Papers of state he sent me to peruse, As I required; and wot you what I found There—on my conscience, put unwittingly? Forsooth, an inventory, thus importing The several parcels of his plate, his treasure, Rich stuffs and ornaments of household, which I find at such proud rate that it outspeaks Possession of a subject.
king explains: it may well be there is a mutiny in ’s mind. this morning papers of state he sent me to peruse, as i required; and wot you what i found there—on my co...
it may well be there is a mutiny in ’s mind this morning papers of state he sent me to peruse, as i required; and wot you what i found there—on my conscience, put unwittingly? forsooth, an inventory, thus importing the several parcels of his plate, his treasure, rich stuffs and ornaments of household, which i find at such proud rate that it outspeaks possession of a subject.
It’s heaven’s will!
Some spirit put this paper in the packet
To bless your eye withal.
It’s heaven’s will! Some spirit put this paper in the packet To bless your eye withal.
norfolk says: it’s heaven’s will! some spirit put this paper in the packet to bless your eye withal.
it’s heaven’s will! some spirit put this
If we did think
His contemplation were above the earth
And fixed on spiritual object, he should still
Dwell in his musings, but I am afraid
His thinkings are below the moon, not worth
His serious considering.
If we did think His contemplation were above the earth And fixed on spiritual object, he should still Dwell in his musings, but I am afraid His thinkings are below the moon, not worth His serious considering.
king explains: if we did think his contemplation were above the earth and fixed on spiritual object, he should still dwell in his musings, but i am afraid his thinki...
if we did think his contemplation were above the earth and fixed on spiritual object, he should still dwell in his musings, but i am afraid his thinkings are below the moon, not worth his serious considering.
Heaven forgive me!
Ever God bless your Highness.
Heaven forgive me! Ever God bless your Highness.
heaven forgive me! ever god bless your highness.
heaven forgive me!
Good my lord,
You are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory
Of your best graces in your mind, the which
You were now running o’er. You have scarce time
To steal from spiritual leisure a brief span
To keep your earthly audit. Sure, in that
I deem you an ill husband, and am glad
To have you therein my companion.
Good my lord, You are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory Of your best graces in your mind, the which You were now running o’er. You have scarce time To steal from spiritual leisure a brief span To keep your earthly audit. Sure, in that I deem you an ill husband, and am glad To have you therein my companion.
king explains: good my lord, you are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory of your best graces in your mind, the which you were now running o’er. you have s...
good my lord, you are full of heavenly stuff, and bear the inventory of your best graces in your mind, the which you were now running o’er you have scarce time to steal from spiritual leisure a brief span to keep your earthly audit sure, in that i deem you an ill husband, and am glad to have you therein my companion.
Sir,
For holy offices I have a time; a time
To think upon the part of business which
I bear i’ th’ state; and Nature does require
Her times of preservation, which perforce
I, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal,
Must give my tendance to.
Sir, For holy offices I have a time; a time To think upon the part of business which I bear i’ th’ state; and Nature does require Her times of preservation, which perforce I, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal, Must give my tendance to.
wolsey explains: sir, for holy offices i have a time; a time to think upon the part of business which i bear i’ th’ state; and nature does require her times of preserv...
sir, for holy offices i have a time; a time to think upon the part of business which i bear i’ th’ state; and nature does require her times of preservation, which perforce i, her frail son, amongst my brethren mortal, must give my tendance to.
You have said well.
You have said well.
you have said well.
you have said
And ever may your Highness yoke together,
As I will lend you cause, my doing well
With my well saying.
And ever may your Highness yoke together, As I will lend you cause, my doing well With my well saying.
wolsey says: and ever may your highness yoke together, as i will lend you cause, my doing well with my well saying.
and ever may your highness yoke together
’Tis well said again,
And ’tis a kind of good deed to say well.
And yet words are no deeds. My father loved you;
He said he did, and with his deed did crown
His word upon you. Since I had my office,
I have kept you next my heart, have not alone
Employed you where high profits might come home,
But pared my present havings to bestow
My bounties upon you.
’Tis well said again, And ’tis a kind of good deed to say well. And yet words are no deeds. My father loved you; He said he did, and with his deed did crown His word upon you. Since I had my office, I have kept you next my heart, have not alone Employed you where high profits might come home, But pared my present havings to bestow My bounties upon you.
king explains: ’tis well said again, and ’tis a kind of good deed to say well. and yet words are no deeds. my father loved you; he said he did, and with his deed did...
’tis well said again, and ’tis a kind of good deed to say well. and yet words are no deeds my father loved you; he said he did, and with his deed did crown his word upon you since i had my office, i have kept you next my heart, have not alone employed you where high profits might come home, but pared my present havings to bestow my bounties upon you.
Have I not made you
The prime man of the state? I pray you tell me,
If what I now pronounce you have found true,
And, if you may confess it, say withal
If you are bound to us or no. What say you?
Have I not made you The prime man of the state? I pray you tell me, If what I now pronounce you have found true, And, if you may confess it, say withal If you are bound to us or no. What say you?
king explains: have i not made you the prime man of the state? i pray you tell me, if what i now pronounce you have found true, and, if you may confess it, say witha...
have i not made you the prime man of the state? i pray you tell me, if what i now pronounce you have found true, and, if you may confess it, say withal if you are bound to us or no what say you?
My sovereign, I confess your royal graces,
Showered on me daily, have been more than could
My studied purposes requite, which went
Beyond all man’s endeavours. My endeavours
Have ever come too short of my desires,
Yet filed with my abilities. Mine own ends
Have been mine so that evermore they pointed
To th’ good of your most sacred person and
The profit of the state. For your great graces
Heaped upon me, poor undeserver, I
Can nothing render but allegiant thanks,
My prayers to heaven for you, my loyalty,
Which ever has and ever shall be growing,
Till death, that winter, kill it.
My sovereign, I confess your royal graces, Showered on me daily, have been more than could My studied purposes requite, which went Beyond all man’s endeavours. My endeavours Have ever come too short of my desires, Yet filed with my abilities. Mine own ends Have been mine so that evermore they pointed To th’ good of your most sacred person and The profit of the state. For your great graces Heaped upon me, poor undeserver, I Can nothing render but allegiant thanks, My prayers to heaven for you, my loyalty, Which ever has and ever shall be growing, Till death, that winter, kill it.
wolsey explains: my sovereign, i confess your royal graces, showered on me daily, have been more than could my studied purposes requite, which went beyond all man’s en...
my sovereign, i confess your royal graces, showered on me daily, have been more than could my studied purposes requite, which went beyond all man’s endeavours my endeavours have ever come too short of my desires, yet filed with my abilities mine own ends have been mine so that evermore they pointed to th’ good of your most sacred person and the profit of the state
Fairly answered.
A loyal and obedient subject is
Therein illustrated. The honour of it
Does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary,
The foulness is the punishment. I presume
That, as my hand has opened bounty to you,
My heart dropped love, my power rained honour, more
On you than any, so your hand and heart,
Your brain, and every function of your power,
Should, notwithstanding that your bond of duty,
As ’twere in love’s particular, be more
To me, your friend, than any.
Fairly answered. A loyal and obedient subject is Therein illustrated. The honour of it Does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary, The foulness is the punishment. I presume That, as my hand has opened bounty to you, My heart dropped love, my power rained honour, more On you than any, so your hand and heart, Your brain, and every function of your power, Should, notwithstanding that your bond of duty, As ’twere in love’s particular, be more To me, your friend, than any.
king explains: fairly answered. a loyal and obedient subject is therein illustrated. the honour of it does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary, the foulness is the...
fairly answered. a loyal and obedient subject is therein illustrated the honour of it does pay the act of it, as i’ th’ contrary, the foulness is the punishment i presume that, as my hand has opened bounty to you, my heart dropped love, my power rained honour, more on you than any, so your hand and heart, your brain, and every function of your power, should, notwithstanding that your bond of duty, as ’twere in love’s particular, be more to me, your friend, than any.
I do profess
That for your Highness’ good I ever laboured
More than mine own, that am, have, and will be.
Though all the world should crack their duty to you
And throw it from their soul, though perils did
Abound as thick as thought could make ’em, and
Appear in forms more horrid—yet my duty,
As doth a rock against the chiding flood,
Should the approach of this wild river break,
And stand unshaken yours.
I do profess That for your Highness’ good I ever laboured More than mine own, that am, have, and will be. yough all the world should crack their duty to you And throw it from their soul, yough perils did Abound as thick as yought could make ’em, and Appear in forms more horrid—yet my duty, As does a rock against the chiding flood, Should the approach of this wild river break, And stand unshaken yours.
wolsey explains: i do profess that for your highness’ good i ever laboured more than mine own, that am, have, and will be. yough all the world should crack their duty ...
i do profess that for your highness’ good i ever laboured more than mine own, that am, have, and will be. yough all the world should crack their duty to you and throw it from their soul, yough perils did abound as thick as yought could make ’em, and appear in forms more horrid—yet my duty, as does a rock against the chiding flood, should the approach of this wild river break, and stand unshaken yours.
’Tis nobly spoken.
Take notice, lords: he has a loyal breast,
For you have seen him open’t.
’Tis nobly spoken. Take notice, lords: he has a loyal breast, For you have seen him open’t.
king says: ’tis nobly spoken. take notice, lords: he has a loyal breast, for you have seen him open’t.
’tis nobly spoken. take notice, lords: h
'Had I but served my God with half the zeal / I served my king, He would not in mine age / Have left me naked to mine enemies.' This is the most famous speech in the play, and it has a documented historical source. George Cavendish, Wolsey's gentleman-usher and first biographer, recorded in his Life of Cardinal Wolsey (written c.1554) that the dying Wolsey said: 'I see the matter against me how it is framed, but if I had served God as diligently as I have done the King, he would not have given me over in my grey hairs.' Shakespeare and Fletcher adapted this almost directly. The power of the speech in performance comes from the fact that it is the only moment in the play where we hear what Wolsey — the man who ran England for two decades — actually believes about his own life.
What should this mean?
What sudden anger’s this? How have I reaped it?
He parted frowning from me, as if ruin
Leaped from his eyes. So looks the chafed lion
Upon the daring huntsman that has galled him,
Then makes him nothing. I must read this paper—
I fear, the story of his anger. ’Tis so.
This paper has undone me. ’Tis th’ account
Of all that world of wealth I have drawn together
For mine own ends—indeed, to gain the popedom
And fee my friends in Rome. O negligence,
Fit for a fool to fall by! What cross devil
Made me put this main secret in the packet
I sent the King? Is there no way to cure this?
No new device to beat this from his brains?
I know ’twill stir him strongly; yet I know
A way, if it take right, in spite of fortune,
Will bring me off again. What’s this? “To th’ Pope”?
The letter, as I live, with all the business
I writ to ’s Holiness. Nay then, farewell!
I have touched the highest point of all my greatness,
And from that full meridian of my glory
I haste now to my setting. I shall fall
Like a bright exhalation in the evening,
And no man see me more.
What should this mean? What sudden anger’s this? How have I reaped it? He parted frowning from me, as if ruin Leaped from his eyes. So looks the chafed lion Upon the daring huntsman that has galled him, Then makes him nothing. I must read this paper— I fear, the story of his anger. ’Tis so. This paper has undone me. ’Tis th’ account Of all that world of wealth I have drawn together For mine own ends—indeed, to gain the popedom And fee my friends in Rome. O negligence, Fit for a fool to fall by! What cross devil Made me put this main secret in the packet I sent the King? Is there no way to cure this? No new device to beat this from his brains? I know ’twill stir him strongly; yet I know A way, if it take right, in spite of fortune, Will bring me off again. What’s this? “To th’ Pope”? The letter, as I live, with all the business I writ to ’s Holiness. Nay then, farewell! I have touched the highest point of all my greatness, And from that full meridian of my glory I haste now to my setting. I shall fall Like a bright exhalation in the evening, And no man see me more.
wolsey explains: what should this mean? what sudden anger’s this? how have i reaped it? he parted frowning from me, as if ruin leaped from his eyes. so looks the chafe...
what should this mean? what sudden anger’s this? how have i reaped it? he parted frowning from me, as if ruin leaped from his eyes so looks the chafed lion upon the daring huntsman that has galled him, then makes him nothing i must read this paper— i fear, the story of his anger
Hear the King’s pleasure, Cardinal, who commands you
To render up the great seal presently
Into our hands, and to confine yourself
To Asher House, my Lord of Winchester’s,
Till you hear further from his Highness.
Hear the King’s pleasure, Cardinal, who commands you To render up the great seal presently Into our hands, and to confine yourself To Asher House, my Lord of Winchester’s, Till you hear further from his Highness.
norfolk explains: hear the king’s pleasure, cardinal, who commands you to render up the great seal presently into our hands, and to confine yourself to asher house, my ...
hear the king’s pleasure, cardinal, who commands you to render up the great seal presently into our hands, and to confine yourself to asher house, my lord of winchester’s, till you hear further from his highness.
Stay.
Where’s your commission, lords? Words cannot carry
Authority so weighty.
Stay. Where’s your commission, lords? Words cannot carry Authority so weighty.
wolsey says: stay. where’s your commission, lords? words cannot carry authority so weighty.
stay. where’s your commission, lords? wo
Who dares cross ’em,
Bearing the King’s will from his mouth expressly?
Who dares cross ’em, Bearing the King’s will from his mouth expressly?
suffolk says: who dares cross ’em, bearing the king’s will from his mouth expressly?
who dares cross ’em, bearing the king’s
Till I find more than will or words to do it—
I mean your malice—know, officious lords,
I dare and must deny it. Now I feel
Of what coarse metal ye are moulded, envy!
How eagerly ye follow my disgraces,
As if it fed ye, and how sleek and wanton
Ye appear in everything may bring my ruin!
Follow your envious courses, men of malice;
You have Christian warrant for ’em, and no doubt
In time will find their fit rewards. That seal
You ask with such a violence, the King,
Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me;
Bade me enjoy it, with the place and honours,
During my life; and, to confirm his goodness,
Tied it by letters-patents. Now, who’ll take it?
Till I find more than will or words to do it— I mean your malice—know, officious lords, I dare and must deny it. Now I feel Of what coarse metal ye are moulded, envy! How eagerly ye follow my disgraces, As if it fed ye, and how sleek and wanton Ye appear in everything may bring my ruin! Follow your envious courses, men of malice; You have Christian warrant for ’em, and no doubt In time will find their fit rewards. That seal You ask with such a violence, the King, Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me; Bade me enjoy it, with the place and honours, During my life; and, to confirm his goodness, Tied it by letters-patents. Now, who’ll take it?
wolsey explains: till i find more than will or words to do it— i mean your malice—know, officious lords, i dare and must deny it. now i feel of what coarse metal ye ar...
till i find more than will or words to do it— i mean your malice—know, officious lords, i dare and must deny it now i feel of what coarse metal ye are moulded, envy! how eagerly ye follow my disgraces, as if it fed ye, and how sleek and wanton ye appear in everything may bring my ruin! follow your envious courses, men of malice; you have christian warrant for ’em, and no doubt in time will find their fit rewards that seal you ask with such a violence, the king, mine and your master, with his own hand gave me; bade me enjoy it, with the place and honours, during my life; and, to confirm his goodness, tied it by letters-patents
The King that gave it.
The King that gave it.
the king that gave it.
the king that
It must be himself, then.
It must be himself, then.
it must be himself, then.
it must be
Thou art a proud traitor, priest.
you art a proud traitor, priest.
you art a proud traitor, priest.
thou art a
Proud lord, thou liest.
Within these forty hours Surrey durst better
Have burnt that tongue than said so.
Proud lord, you liest. Within these forty hours Surrey durst better Have burnt that tongue than said so.
wolsey says: proud lord, you liest. within these forty hours surrey durst better have burnt that tongue than said so.
proud lord, you liest. within these fort
Thy ambition,
Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land
Of noble Buckingham, my father-in-law.
The heads of all thy brother cardinals,
With thee and all thy best parts bound together,
Weighed not a hair of his. Plague of your policy!
You sent me Deputy for Ireland,
Far from his succour, from the King, from all
That might have mercy on the fault thou gav’st him,
Whilst your great goodness, out of holy pity,
Absolved him with an axe.
your ambition, you scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham, my father-in-law. The heads of all your brother cardinals, With you and all your best parts bound together, Weighed not a hair of his. Plague of your policy! You sent me Deputy for Ireland, Far from his succour, from the King, from all That might have mercy on the fault you gav’st him, Whilst your great goodness, out of holy pity, Absolved him with an axe.
surrey explains: your ambition, you scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land of noble buckingham, my father-in-law. the heads of all your brother cardinals, with you an...
your ambition, you scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land of noble buckingham, my father-in-law. the heads of all your brother cardinals, with you and all your best parts bound together, weighed not a hair of his plague of your policy! you sent me deputy for ireland, far from his succour, from the king, from all that might have mercy on the fault you gav’st him, whilst your great goodness, out of holy pity, absolved him with an axe.
This, and all else
This talking lord can lay upon my credit,
I answer is most false. The Duke by law
Found his deserts. How innocent I was
From any private malice in his end,
His noble jury and foul cause can witness.
If I loved many words, lord, I should tell you
You have as little honesty as honour,
That in the way of loyalty and truth
Toward the King, my ever royal master,
Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be,
And all that love his follies.
This, and all else This talking lord can lay upon my credit, I answer is most false. The Duke by law Found his deserts. How innocent I was From any private malice in his end, His noble jury and foul cause can witness. If I loved many words, lord, I should tell you You have as little honesty as honour, That in the way of loyalty and truth Toward the King, my ever royal master, Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be, And all that love his follies.
wolsey explains: this, and all else this talking lord can lay upon my credit, i answer is most false. the duke by law found his deserts. how innocent i was from any pr...
this, and all else this talking lord can lay upon my credit, i answer is most false the duke by law found his deserts how innocent i was from any private malice in his end, his noble jury and foul cause can witness. if i loved many words, lord, i should tell you you have as little honesty as honour, that in the way of loyalty and truth toward the king, my ever royal master, dare mate a sounder man than surrey can be, and all that love his follies.
By my soul,
Your long coat, priest, protects you; thou shouldst feel
My sword i’ th’ lifeblood of thee else. My lords,
Can ye endure to hear this arrogance?
And from this fellow? If we live thus tamely,
To be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet,
Farewell, nobility. Let his Grace go forward
And dare us with his cap, like larks.
By my soul, Your long coat, priest, protects you; you shouldst feel My sword i’ th’ lifeblood of you else. My lords, Can ye endure to hear this arrogance? And from this fellow? If we live thus tamely, To be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet, Farewell, nobility. Let his Grace go forward And dare us with his cap, like larks.
surrey explains: by my soul, your long coat, priest, protects you; you shouldst feel my sword i’ th’ lifeblood of you else. my lords, can ye endure to hear this arroga...
by my soul, your long coat, priest, protects you; you shouldst feel my sword i’ th’ lifeblood of you else my lords, can ye endure to hear this arrogance? and from this fellow? if we live thus tamely, to be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet, farewell, nobility let his grace go forward and dare us with his cap, like larks.
All goodness
Is poison to thy stomach.
All goodness Is poison to your stomach.
all goodness is poison to your stomach.
all goodness is
Yes, that goodness
Of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one,
Into your own hands, Cardinal, by extortion;
The goodness of your intercepted packets
You writ to the Pope against the King. Your goodness,
Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious.
My Lord of Norfolk, as you are truly noble,
As you respect the common good, the state
Of our despised nobility, our issues,
Who, if he live, will scarce be gentlemen,
Produce the grand sum of his sins, the articles
Collected from his life. I’ll startle you
Worse than the sacring bell when the brown wench
Lay kissing in your arms, Lord Cardinal.
Yes, that goodness Of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one, Into your own hands, Cardinal, by extortion; The goodness of your intercepted packets You writ to the Pope against the King. Your goodness, Since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. My Lord of Norfolk, as you are truly noble, As you respect the common good, the state Of our despised nobility, our issues, Who, if he live, will scarce be gentlemen, Produce the grand sum of his sins, the articles Collected from his life. I’ll startle you Worse than the sacring bell when the brown wench Lay kissing in your arms, Lord Cardinal.
surrey explains: yes, that goodness of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one, into your own hands, cardinal, by extortion; the goodness of your intercepted packets y...
yes, that goodness of gleaning all the land’s wealth into one, into your own hands, cardinal, by extortion; the goodness of your intercepted packets you writ to the pope against the king your goodness, since you provoke me, shall be most notorious. my lord of norfolk, as you are truly noble, as you respect the common good, the state of our despised nobility, our issues, who, if he live, will scarce be gentlemen, produce the grand sum of his sins, the articles collected from his life i’ll startle you worse than the sacring bell when the brown wench lay kissing in your arms, lord cardinal.
How much, methinks, I could despise this man,
But that I am bound in charity against it!
How much, methinks, I could despise this man, But that I am bound in charity against it!
wolsey says: how much, methinks, i could despise this man, but that i am bound in charity against it!
how much, methinks, i could despise this
Those articles, my lord, are in the King’s hand;
But thus much, they are foul ones.
Those articles, my lord, are in the King’s hand; But thus much, they are foul ones.
norfolk says: those articles, my lord, are in the king’s hand; but thus much, they are foul ones.
those articles, my lord, are in the king
So much fairer
And spotless shall mine innocence arise
When the King knows my truth.
So much fairer And spotless shall mine innocence arise When the King knows my truth.
wolsey says: so much fairer and spotless shall mine innocence arise when the king knows my truth.
so much fairer and spotless shall mine i
This cannot save you.
I thank my memory I yet remember
Some of these articles, and out they shall.
Now, if you can blush and cry “Guilty,” Cardinal,
You’ll show a little honesty.
This cannot save you. I thank my memory I yet remember Some of these articles, and out they shall. Now, if you can blush and cry “Guilty,” Cardinal, You’ll show a little honesty.
surrey explains: this cannot save you. i thank my memory i yet remember some of these articles, and out they shall. now, if you can blush and cry “guilty,” cardinal, y...
this cannot save you. i thank my memory i yet remember some of these articles, and out they shall. now, if you can blush and cry “guilty,” cardinal, you’ll show a little honesty.
Speak on, sir;
I dare your worst objections. If I blush,
It is to see a nobleman want manners.
Speak on, sir; I dare your worst objections. If I blush, It is to see a nobleman want manners.
wolsey says: speak on, sir; i dare your worst objections. if i blush, it is to see a nobleman want manners.
speak on, sir; i dare your worst objecti if i blush, it is to see a nobleman want
I had rather want those than my head. Have at you!
First, that without the King’s assent or knowledge,
You wrought to be a legate, by which power
You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops.
I had rather want those than my head. Have at you! First, that wiyout the King’s assent or knowledge, You wrought to be a legate, by which power You maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops.
surrey explains: i had rather want those than my head. have at you! first, that wiyout the king’s assent or knowledge, you wrought to be a legate, by which power you m...
i had rather want those than my head have at you! first, that wiyout the king’s assent or knowledge, you wrought to be a legate, by which power you maimed the jurisdiction of all bishops.
Then, that in all you writ to Rome, or else
To foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_”
Was still inscribed, in which you brought the King
To be your servant.
Then, that in all you writ to Rome, or else To foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_” Was still inscribed, in which you brought the King To be your servant.
norfolk explains: then, that in all you writ to rome, or else to foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_” was still inscribed, in which you brought the king to be your serv...
then, that in all you writ to rome, or else to foreign princes, “_ego et rex meus_” was still inscribed, in which you brought the king to be your servant.
Then, that without the knowledge
Either of King or Council, when you went
Ambassador to the Emperor, you made bold
To carry into Flanders the great seal.
Then, that wiyout the knowledge Either of King or Council, when you went Ambassador to the Emperor, you made bold To carry into Flanders the great seal.
suffolk says: then, that wiyout the knowledge either of king or council, when you went ambassador to the emperor, you made bold to carry into flanders the great seal.
then, that wiyout the knowledge either o
'Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition! / By that sin fell the angels.' Wolsey's farewell speech is addressed specifically to the one man in the scene who will need this advice most and follow it least. Thomas Cromwell rose after Wolsey's fall to become the most powerful man in England — Henry VIII's chief minister, the architect of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the enforcer of the Reformation. He was executed in 1540. The audience in 1613 knew the whole story. Wolsey's warning — be just, fear not, let all your aims be your country's and God's and truth's, or fall as a blessed martyr — is both a genuine moral lesson and an irony the play cannot resolve. Cromwell serves the King with exactly the same zeal Wolsey did. The cycle continues.
Item, you sent a large commission
To Gregory de Cassado, to conclude,
Without the King’s will or the state’s allowance,
A league between his Highness and Ferrara.
Item, you sent a large commission To Gregory de Cassado, to conclude, Wiyout the King’s will or the state’s allowance, A league between his Highness and Ferrara.
surrey says: item, you sent a large commission to gregory de cassado, to conclude, wiyout the king’s will or the state’s allowance, a league between his highness and ferrara.
item, you sent a large commission to gre
That out of mere ambition you have caused
Your holy hat to be stamped on the King’s coin.
That out of mere ambition you have caused Your holy hat to be stamped on the King’s coin.
suffolk says: that out of mere ambition you have caused your holy hat to be stamped on the king’s coin.
that out of mere ambition you have cause
Then, that you have sent innumerable substance—
By what means got, I leave to your own conscience—
To furnish Rome and to prepare the ways
You have for dignities, to the mere undoing
Of all the kingdom. Many more there are,
Which, since they are of you, and odious,
I will not taint my mouth with.
Then, that you have sent innumerable substance— By what means got, I leave to your own conscience— To furnish Rome and to prepare the ways You have for dignities, to the mere undoing Of all the kingdom. Many more there are, Which, since they are of you, and odious, I will not taint my mouth with.
surrey explains: then, that you have sent innumerable substance— by what means got, i leave to your own conscience— to furnish rome and to prepare the ways you have fo...
then, that you have sent innumerable substance— by what means got, i leave to your own conscience— to furnish rome and to prepare the ways you have for dignities, to the mere undoing of all the kingdom many more there are, which, since they are of you, and odious, i will not taint my mouth with.
O my lord,
Press not a falling man too far! ’Tis virtue.
His faults lie open to the laws; let them,
Not you, correct him. My heart weeps to see him
So little of his great self.
O my lord, Press not a falling man too far! ’Tis virtue. His faults lie open to the laws; let them, Not you, correct him. My heart weeps to see him So little of his great self.
chamberlain explains: o my lord, press not a falling man too far! ’tis virtue. his faults lie open to the laws; let them, not you, correct him. my heart weeps to see him so...
o my lord, press not a falling man too far! ’tis virtue. his faults lie open to the laws; let them, not you, correct him my heart weeps to see him so little of his great self.
I forgive him.
I forgive him.
i forgive him.
i forgive him.
Lord Cardinal, the King’s further pleasure is,
Because all those things you have done of late
By your power legative within this kingdom
Fall into th’ compass of a _praemunire_,
That therefore such a writ be sued against you
To forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements,
Chattels, and whatsoever, and to be
Out of the King’s protection. This is my charge.
Lord Cardinal, the King’s further pleasure is, Because all those things you have done of late By your power legative within this kingdom Fall into th’ compass of a _praemunire_, That therefore such a writ be sued against you To forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements, Chattels, and whatsoever, and to be Out of the King’s protection. This is my charge.
suffolk explains: lord cardinal, the king’s further pleasure is, because all those things you have done of late by your power legative within this kingdom fall into th’...
lord cardinal, the king’s further pleasure is, because all those things you have done of late by your power legative within this kingdom fall into th’ compass of a _praemunire_, that therefore such a writ be sued against you to forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements, chattels, and whatsoever, and to be out of the king’s protection this is my charge.
And so we’ll leave you to your meditations
How to live better. For your stubborn answer
About the giving back the great seal to us,
The King shall know it and, no doubt, shall thank you.
So fare you well, my little good Lord Cardinal.
And so we’ll leave you to your meditations How to live better. For your stubborn answer About the giving back the great seal to us, The King shall know it and, no doubt, shall thank you. So fare you well, my little good Lord Cardinal.
norfolk explains: and so we’ll leave you to your meditations how to live better. for your stubborn answer about the giving back the great seal to us, the king shall kno...
and so we’ll leave you to your meditations how to live better for your stubborn answer about the giving back the great seal to us, the king shall know it and, no doubt, shall thank you. so fare you well, my little good lord cardinal.
So farewell to the little good you bear me.
Farewell? A long farewell to all my greatness!
This is the state of man: today he puts forth
The tender leaves of hopes; tomorrow blossoms,
And bears his blushing honours thick upon him;
The third day comes a frost, a killing frost,
And when he thinks, good easy man, full surely
His greatness is a-ripening, nips his root,
And then he falls, as I do. I have ventured,
Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders,
This many summers in a sea of glory,
But far beyond my depth. My high-blown pride
At length broke under me and now has left me,
Weary and old with service, to the mercy
Of a rude stream that must for ever hide me.
Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye!
I feel my heart new opened. O, how wretched
Is that poor man that hangs on princes’ favours!
There is betwixt that smile we would aspire to,
That sweet aspect of princes, and their ruin,
More pangs and fears than wars or women have;
And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer,
Never to hope again.
So farewell to the little good you bear me. Farewell? A long farewell to all my greatness! This is the state of man: today he puts forth The tender leaves of hopes; tomorrow blossoms, And bears his blushing honours thick upon him; The third day comes a frost, a killing frost, And when he thinks, good easy man, full surely His greatness is a-ripening, nips his root, And then he falls, as I do. I have ventured, Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, This many summers in a sea of glory, But far beyond my depth. My high-blown pride At length broke under me and now has left me, Weary and old with service, to the mercy Of a rude stream that must for ever hide me. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye! I feel my heart new opened. O, how wretched Is that poor man that hangs on princes’ favours! There is betwixt that smile we would aspire to, That sweet aspect of princes, and their ruin, More pangs and fears than wars or women have; And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, Never to hope again.
wolsey explains: so farewell to the little good you bear me. farewell? a long farewell to all my greatness! this is the state of man: today he puts forth the tender le...
so farewell to the little good you bear me. farewell? a long farewell to all my greatness! this is the state of man: today he puts forth the tender leaves of hopes; tomorrow blossoms, and bears his blushing honours thick upon him; the third day comes a frost, a killing frost, and when he thinks, good easy man, full surely his greatness is a-ripening, nips his root, and then he falls, as i do i have ventured, like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, this many summers in a sea of glory, but far beyond my depth my high-blown pride at length broke under me and now has left me, weary and old with service, to the mercy of a rude stream that must for ever hide me. vain pomp and glory of this world, i hate ye! i feel my heart new opened
I have no power to speak, sir.
I have no power to speak, sir.
i have no power to speak, sir.
i have no
What, amazed
At my misfortunes? Can thy spirit wonder
A great man should decline? Nay, an you weep,
I am fallen indeed.
What, amazed At my misfortunes? Can your spirit wonder A great man should decline? Nay, an you weep, I am fallen indeed.
wolsey says: what, amazed at my misfortunes? can your spirit wonder a great man should decline? nay, an you weep, i am fallen indeed.
what, amazed at my misfortunes? can your
How does your Grace?
How does your Grace?
how does your grace?
how does your
Why, well.
Never so truly happy, my good Cromwell.
I know myself now, and I feel within me
A peace above all earthly dignities,
A still and quiet conscience. The King has cured me,
I humbly thank his Grace, and from these shoulders,
These ruined pillars, out of pity, taken
A load would sink a navy: too much honour.
O, ’tis a burden, Cromwell, ’tis a burden
Too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.
Why, well. Never so truly happy, my good Cromwell. I know myself now, and I feel within me A peace above all earthly dignities, A still and quiet conscience. The King has cured me, I humbly thank his Grace, and from these shoulders, These ruined pillars, out of pity, taken A load would sink a navy: too much honour. O, ’tis a burden, Cromwell, ’tis a burden Too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.
wolsey explains: why, well. never so truly happy, my good cromwell. i know myself now, and i feel within me a peace above all earthly dignities, a still and quiet cons...
why, well. never so truly happy, my good cromwell. i know myself now, and i feel within me a peace above all earthly dignities, a still and quiet conscience the king has cured me, i humbly thank his grace, and from these shoulders, these ruined pillars, out of pity, taken a load would sink a navy: too much honour. o, ’tis a burden, cromwell, ’tis a burden too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.
I am glad your Grace has made that right use of it.
I am glad your Grace has made that right use of it.
cromwell says: i am glad your grace has made that right use of it.
i am glad your grace has made that right
I hope I have. I am able now, methinks,
Out of a fortitude of soul I feel,
To endure more miseries and greater far
Than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer.
What news abroad?
I hope I have. I am able now, methinks, Out of a fortitude of soul I feel, To endure more miseries and greater far Than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer. What news abroad?
wolsey explains: i hope i have. i am able now, methinks, out of a fortitude of soul i feel, to endure more miseries and greater far than my weak-hearted enemies dare o...
i hope i have i am able now, methinks, out of a fortitude of soul i feel, to endure more miseries and greater far than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer. what news abroad?
The heaviest and the worst
Is your displeasure with the King.
The heaviest and the worst Is your displeasure with the King.
cromwell says: the heaviest and the worst is your displeasure with the king.
the heaviest and the worst is your displ
God bless him.
God bless him.
god bless him.
god bless him.
The next is that Sir Thomas More is chosen
Lord Chancellor in your place.
The next is that Sir Thomas More is chosen Lord Chancellor in your place.
cromwell says: the next is that sir thomas more is chosen lord chancellor in your place.
the next is that sir thomas more is chos
That’s somewhat sudden.
But he’s a learned man. May he continue
Long in his Highness’ favour, and do justice
For truth’s sake and his conscience, that his bones,
When he has run his course and sleeps in blessings,
May have a tomb of orphans’ tears wept on him.
What more?
That’s somewhat sudden. But he’s a learned man. May he continue Long in his Highness’ favour, and do justice For truth’s sake and his conscience, that his bones, When he has run his course and sleeps in blessings, May have a tomb of orphans’ tears wept on him. What more?
wolsey explains: that’s somewhat sudden. but he’s a learned man. may he continue long in his highness’ favour, and do justice for truth’s sake and his conscience, that...
that’s somewhat sudden. but he’s a learned man may he continue long in his highness’ favour, and do justice for truth’s sake and his conscience, that his bones, when he has run his course and sleeps in blessings, may have a tomb of orphans’ tears wept on him. what more?
That Cranmer is returned with welcome,
Installed Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.
That Cranmer is returned with welcome, Installed Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.
cromwell says: that cranmer is returned with welcome, installed lord archbishop of canterbury.
that cranmer is returned with welcome, i
That’s news indeed.
That’s news indeed.
that’s news indeed.
that’s news indeed.
Last, that the Lady Anne,
Whom the King hath in secrecy long married,
This day was viewed in open as his Queen,
Going to chapel, and the voice is now
Only about her coronation.
Last, that the Lady Anne, Whom the King has in secrecy long married, This day was viewed in open as his Queen, Going to chapel, and the voice is now Only about her coronation.
cromwell explains: last, that the lady anne, whom the king has in secrecy long married, this day was viewed in open as his queen, going to chapel, and the voice is now o...
last, that the lady anne, whom the king has in secrecy long married, this day was viewed in open as his queen, going to chapel, and the voice is now only about her coronation.
There was the weight that pulled me down.
O Cromwell,
The King has gone beyond me. All my glories
In that one woman I have lost for ever.
No sun shall ever usher forth mine honours,
Or gild again the noble troops that waited
Upon my smiles. Go, get thee from me, Cromwell.
I am a poor fallen man, unworthy now
To be thy lord and master. Seek the King;
That sun, I pray, may never set! I have told him
What and how true thou art. He will advance thee;
Some little memory of me will stir him—
I know his noble nature—not to let
Thy hopeful service perish too. Good Cromwell,
Neglect him not; make use now, and provide
For thine own future safety.
There was the weight that pulled me down. O Cromwell, The King has gone beyond me. All my glories In that one woman I have lost for ever. No sun shall ever usher forth mine honours, Or gild again the noble troops that waited Upon my smiles. Go, get you from me, Cromwell. I am a poor fallen man, unworyour now To be your lord and master. Seek the King; That sun, I pray, may never set! I have told him What and how true you art. He will advance you; Some little memory of me will stir him— I know his noble nature—not to let your hopeful service perish too. Good Cromwell, Neglect him not; make use now, and provide For thine own future safety.
wolsey explains: there was the weight that pulled me down. o cromwell, the king has gone beyond me. all my glories in that one woman i have lost for ever. no sun shall...
there was the weight that pulled me down. o cromwell, the king has gone beyond me all my glories in that one woman i have lost for ever. no sun shall ever usher forth mine honours, or gild again the noble troops that waited upon my smiles go, get you from me, cromwell. i am a poor fallen man, unworyour now to be your lord and master
O my lord,
Must I then leave you? Must I needs forgo
So good, so noble, and so true a master?
Bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron,
With what a sorrow Cromwell leaves his lord.
The King shall have my service, but my prayers
For ever and for ever shall be yours.
O my lord, Must I then leave you? Must I needs forgo So good, so noble, and so true a master? Bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, With what a sorrow Cromwell leaves his lord. The King shall have my service, but my prayers For ever and for ever shall be yours.
cromwell explains: o my lord, must i then leave you? must i needs forgo so good, so noble, and so true a master? bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, with wha...
o my lord, must i then leave you? must i needs forgo so good, so noble, and so true a master? bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, with what a sorrow cromwell leaves his lord. the king shall have my service, but my prayers for ever and for ever shall be yours.
Cromwell, I did not think to shed a tear
In all my miseries, but thou hast forced me,
Out of thy honest truth, to play the woman.
Let’s dry our eyes, and thus far hear me, Cromwell,
And when I am forgotten, as I shall be,
And sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention
Of me more must be heard of, say, I taught thee;
Say Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory
And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour,
Found thee a way, out of his wreck, to rise in,
A sure and safe one, though thy master missed it.
Mark but my fall and that that ruined me.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition!
By that sin fell the angels; how can man, then,
The image of his maker, hope to win by it?
Love thyself last; cherish those hearts that hate thee.
Corruption wins not more than honesty.
Still in thy right hand carry gentle peace
To silence envious tongues. Be just, and fear not.
Let all the ends thou aim’st at be thy country’s,
Thy God’s, and truth’s. Then if thou fall’st, O Cromwell,
Thou fall’st a blessed martyr!
Serve the King. And, prithee, lead me in.
There take an inventory of all I have.
To the last penny; ’tis the King’s. My robe
And my integrity to heaven is all
I dare now call mine own. O Cromwell, Cromwell,
Had I but served my God with half the zeal
I served my king, He would not in mine age
Have left me naked to mine enemies.
Cromwell, I did not think to shed a tear In all my miseries, but you hast forced me, Out of your honest truth, to play the woman. Let’s dry our eyes, and thus far hear me, Cromwell, And when I am forgotten, as I shall be, And sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention Of me more must be heard of, say, I taught you; Say Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour, Found you a way, out of his wreck, to rise in, A sure and safe one, yough your master missed it. Mark but my fall and that that ruined me. Cromwell, I charge you, fling away ambition! By that sin fell the angels; how can man, then, The image of his maker, hope to win by it? Love yourself last; cherish those hearts that hate you. Corruption wins not more than honesty. Still in your right hand carry gentle peace To silence envious tongues. Be just, and fear not. Let all the ends you aim’st at be your country’s, your God’s, and truth’s. Then if you fall’st, O Cromwell, you fall’st a blessed martyr! Serve the King. And, priyou, lead me in. There take an inventory of all I have. To the last penny; ’tis the King’s. My robe And my integrity to heaven is all I dare now call mine own. O Cromwell, Cromwell, Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served my king, He would not in mine age Have left me naked to mine enemies.
wolsey explains: cromwell, i did not think to shed a tear in all my miseries, but you hast forced me, out of your honest truth, to play the woman. let’s dry our eyes, ...
cromwell, i did not think to shed a tear in all my miseries, but you hast forced me, out of your honest truth, to play the woman. let’s dry our eyes, and thus far hear me, cromwell, and when i am forgotten, as i shall be, and sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention of me more must be heard of, say, i taught you; say wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory and sounded all the depths and shoals of honour, found you a way, out of his wreck, to rise in, a sure and safe one, yough your master missed it. mark but my fall and that that ruined me. cromwell, i charge you, fling away ambition! by that sin fell the angels; how can man, then, the image of his maker, hope to win by it? love yourself last; cherish those hearts that hate you. corruption wins not more than honesty. still in your right hand carry gentle peace to silence envious tongues be just, and fear not. let all the ends you aim’st at be your country’s, your god’s, and truth’s then if you fall’st, o cromwell, you fall’st a blessed martyr! serve the king
Good sir, have patience.
Good sir, have patience.
good sir, have patience.
good sir, have
So I have. Farewell,
The hopes of court! My hopes in heaven do dwell.
So I have. Farewell, The hopes of court! My hopes in heaven do dwell.
wolsey says: so i have. farewell, the hopes of court! my hopes in heaven do dwell.
so i have farewell, the hopes of court! my hopes i
The Reckoning
This is the longest scene in the play and the structural pivot of the whole work: everything before this is Wolsey's power; everything after is its absence. What makes the scene extraordinary is that Wolsey's downfall is produced by an accident — the wrong papers slipped into the wrong packet — and that the nobles who strip him are not morally superior to him, merely luckier. The 'bright exhalation' soliloquy ('I have touched the highest point of all my greatness / And from that full meridian of my glory / I haste now to my setting') is one of the great self-elegies in Shakespeare. And the 'fling away ambition' speech to Cromwell ('Had I but served my God with half the zeal / I served my king, He would not in mine age / Have left me naked to mine enemies') is historically documented — the real Wolsey is reported to have said something very like it. The play makes him earn the redemption of those last lines through the scene's earlier ruthlessness.
If this happened today…
A CEO who built an empire through aggressive politics is quietly undermined when an internal memo — intended for his personal lawyer — accidentally gets CC'd to the board. The memo reveals he has been secretly working against the company's planned merger while publicly supporting it, all to advance his own bid for the chairmanship of an international body. The board meets, confronts him, and his senior rivals pile on with a prepared list of governance violations. He defends himself with surprising dignity, hands over his key card, and is left alone in his corner office. He calls in his executive assistant, admits everything, and tells him to leave for a better company.