← 2.3
Act 2, Scene 4 — A hall in Blackfriars.
on stage:
Next: 3.1 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument At the Blackfriars trial Katherine refuses the court's jurisdiction, appeals directly to the Pope, and walks out; the King praises her and tells his long story of conscience; the Cardinals delay, and the King dismisses the court, calling for Cranmer.
Trumpets, sennet, and cornets. Enter two Vergers, with short silver
wands; next them, two Scribes, in the habit of doctors; after them, the
Archbishop of Canterbury alone; after him, the Bishops of Lincoln, Ely,
Rochester, and Saint Asaph; next them, with some small distance,
follows a Gentleman bearing the purse with the great seal, and a
cardinal’s hat; then two Priests, bearing each a silver cross; then a
Gentleman Usher bare-headed, accompanied with a Sergeant-at-arms
bearing a silver mace; then two Gentlemen, bearing two great silver
pillars; after them, side by side, the two Cardinals; two Noblemen with
the sword and mace. The King takes place under the cloth of state. The
two Cardinals sit under him as judges. The Queen takes place some
distance from the King. The Bishops place themselves on each side the
court, in manner of consistory; below them the Scribes. The Lords sit
next the Bishops. The rest of the Attendants stand in convenient order
about the stage.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Whilst our commission from Rome is read,

Let silence be commanded.

Whilst our commission from Rome is read, Let silence be commanded.

wolsey says: whilst our commission from rome is read, let silence be commanded.

whilst our commission from rome is read,

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

What’s the need?

It hath already publicly been read,

And on all sides th’ authority allowed;

You may then spare that time.

What’s the need? It has already publicly been read, And on all sides th’ authority allowed; You may then spare that time.

king says: what’s the need? it has already publicly been read, and on all sides th’ authority allowed; you may then spare that time.

what’s the need? it has already publicly

WOLSEY (review needed)

Be’t so. Proceed.

Be’t so. Proceed.

be’t so. proceed.

be’t so. proceed.

First appearance
SCRIBE

The Scribe exists to perform the legal ritual of the court — he reads the summons, the Crier repeats it. The formula is identical for King and Queen, which is its own quiet commentary: both are called to court equally. Watch for how the mechanical equality of the procedure contrasts with its actual injustice.

SCRIBE (review needed)

Say, “Henry King of England, come into the court.”

Say, “Henry King of England, come into the court.”

say, “henry king of england, come into the court.”

say, “henry king

First appearance
CRIER

The Crier repeats the Scribe's calls — a voice of institutional authority that Katherine will refuse. When called a second time and she refuses, the gap between the formality of the summons and the reality of what's happening is the scene's most visible irony.

CRIER (review needed)

Henry King of England, come into the court.

Henry King of England, come into the court.

henry king of england, come into the court.

henry king of

KING (review needed)

Here.

Here.

here.

here.

SCRIBE (review needed)

Say, “Katherine Queen of England, come into the court.”

Say, “Katherine Queen of England, come into the court.”

say, “katherine queen of england, come into the court.”

say, “katherine queen

CRIER (review needed)

Katherine Queen of England, come into the court.

Katherine Queen of England, come into the court.

katherine queen of england, come into the court.

katherine queen of

[_The Queen makes no answer, rises out of her chair, goes about the
court, comes to the King, and kneels at his feet; then speaks._]
QUEEN KATHERINE ≋ verse (review needed)

Sir, I desire you do me right and justice,

And to bestow your pity on me; for

I am a most poor woman and a stranger,

Born out of your dominions, having here

No judge indifferent nor no more assurance

Of equal friendship and proceeding. Alas, sir,

In what have I offended you? What cause

Hath my behaviour given to your displeasure

That thus you should proceed to put me off

And take your good grace from me? Heaven witness

I have been to you a true and humble wife,

At all times to your will conformable,

Ever in fear to kindle your dislike,

Yea, subject to your countenance, glad or sorry

As I saw it inclined. When was the hour

I ever contradicted your desire,

Or made it not mine too? Or which of your friends

Have I not strove to love, although I knew

He were mine enemy? What friend of mine

That had to him derived your anger did I

Continue in my liking? Nay, gave notice

He was from thence discharged? Sir, call to mind

That I have been your wife in this obedience

Upward of twenty years, and have been blessed

With many children by you. If, in the course

And process of this time, you can report,

And prove it too, against mine honour aught,

My bond to wedlock, or my love and duty

Against your sacred person, in God’s name,

Turn me away and let the foul’st contempt

Shut door upon me, and so give me up

To the sharp’st kind of justice. Please you, sir,

The King your father was reputed for

A prince most prudent, of an excellent

And unmatched wit and judgement. Ferdinand,

My father, King of Spain, was reckoned one

The wisest prince that there had reigned by many

A year before. It is not to be questioned

That they had gathered a wise council to them

Of every realm, that did debate this business,

Who deemed our marriage lawful. Wherefore I humbly

Beseech you, sir, to spare me till I may

Be by my friends in Spain advised, whose counsel

I will implore. If not, i’ th’ name of God,

Your pleasure be fulfilled.

Sir, I desire you do me right and justice, And to bestow your pity on me; for I am a most poor woman and a stranger, Born out of your dominions, having here No judge indifferent nor no more assurance Of equal friendship and proceeding. Alas, sir, In what have I offended you? What cause has my behaviour given to your displeasure That thus you should proceed to put me off And take your good grace from me? Heaven witness I have been to you a true and humble wife, At all times to your will conformable, Ever in fear to kindle your dislike, Yea, subject to your countenance, glad or sorry As I saw it inclined. When was the hour I ever contradicted your desire, Or made it not mine too? Or which of your friends Have I not strove to love, alyough I knew He were mine enemy? What friend of mine That had to him derived your anger did I Continue in my liking? Nay, gave notice He was from thence discharged? Sir, call to mind That I have been your wife in this obedience Upward of twenty years, and have been blessed With many children by you. If, in the course And process of this time, you can report, And prove it too, against mine honour aught, My bond to wedlock, or my love and duty Against your sacred person, in God’s name, Turn me away and let the foul’st contempt Shut door upon me, and so give me up To the sharp’st kind of justice. Please you, sir, The King your father was reputed for A prince most prudent, of an excellent And unmatched wit and judgement. Ferdinand, My father, King of Spain, was reckoned one The wisest prince that there had reigned by many A year before. It is not to be questioned That they had gathered a wise council to them Of every realm, that did debate this business, Who deemed our marriage lawful. Wherefore I humbly Beseech you, sir, to spare me till I may Be by my friends in Spain advised, whose counsel I will implore. If not, i’ th’ name of God, Your pleasure be fulfilled.

queen katherine explains: sir, i desire you do me right and justice, and to bestow your pity on me; for i am a most poor woman and a stranger, born out of your dominions, havin...

sir, i desire you do me right and justice, and to bestow your pity on me; for i am a most poor woman and a stranger, born out of your dominions, having here no judge indifferent nor no more assurance of equal friendship and proceeding alas, sir, in what have i offended you? what cause has my behaviour given to your displeasure that thus you should proceed to put me off and take your good grace from me? heaven witness i have been to you a true and humble wife, at all times to your will conformable, ever in fear to kindle your dislike, yea, subject to your countenance, glad or sorry as i saw it inclined when was the hour i ever contradicted your desire, or made it not mine too? or which of your friends have i not strove to love, alyough i knew he were mine enemy? what friend of mine that had to him derived your anger did i continue in my liking? nay, gave notice he was from thence discharged? sir, call to mind that i have been your wife in this obedience upward of twenty years, and have been blessed with many children by you

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

You have here, lady,

And of your choice, these reverend fathers, men

Of singular integrity and learning,

Yea, the elect o’ th’ land, who are assembled

To plead your cause. It shall be therefore bootless

That longer you desire the court, as well

For your own quiet as to rectify

What is unsettled in the King.

You have here, lady, And of your choice, these reverend fathers, men Of singular integrity and learning, Yea, the elect o’ th’ land, who are assembled To plead your cause. It shall be therefore bootless That longer you desire the court, as well For your own quiet as to rectify What is unsettled in the King.

wolsey explains: you have here, lady, and of your choice, these reverend fathers, men of singular integrity and learning, yea, the elect o’ th’ land, who are assembled...

you have here, lady, and of your choice, these reverend fathers, men of singular integrity and learning, yea, the elect o’ th’ land, who are assembled to plead your cause it shall be therefore bootless that longer you desire the court, as well for your own quiet as to rectify what is unsettled in the king.

CAMPEIUS ≋ verse (review needed)

His Grace

Hath spoken well and justly. Therefore, madam,

It’s fit this royal session do proceed,

And that without delay their arguments

Be now produced and heard.

His Grace has spoken well and justly. Therefore, madam, It’s fit this royal session do proceed, And that wiyout delay their arguments Be now produced and heard.

campeius says: his grace has spoken well and justly. therefore, madam, it’s fit this royal session do proceed, and that wiyout delay their arguments be now produced and heard.

his grace has spoken well and justly therefore, madam, it’s fit this royal se

QUEEN KATHERINE ≋ verse (review needed)

Lord Cardinal,

To you I speak.

Lord Cardinal, To you I speak.

lord cardinal, to you i speak.

lord cardinal, to

WOLSEY (review needed)

Your pleasure, madam.

Your pleasure, madam.

your pleasure, madam.

your pleasure, madam.

QUEEN KATHERINE ≋ verse (review needed)

Sir,

I am about to weep; but, thinking that

We are a queen, or long have dreamed so, certain

The daughter of a king, my drops of tears

I’ll turn to sparks of fire.

Sir, I am about to weep; but, thinking that We are a queen, or long have dreamed so, certain The daughter of a king, my drops of tears I’ll turn to sparks of fire.

queen katherine explains: sir, i am about to weep; but, thinking that we are a queen, or long have dreamed so, certain the daughter of a king, my drops of tears i’ll turn to sp...

sir, i am about to weep; but, thinking that we are a queen, or long have dreamed so, certain the daughter of a king, my drops of tears i’ll turn to sparks of fire.

WOLSEY (review needed)

Be patient yet.

Be patient yet.

be patient yet.

be patient yet.

QUEEN KATHERINE ≋ verse (review needed)

I will, when you are humble; nay, before,

Or God will punish me. I do believe,

Induced by potent circumstances, that

You are mine enemy, and make my challenge

You shall not be my judge; for it is you

Have blown this coal betwixt my lord and me,

Which God’s dew quench! Therefore I say again,

I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul

Refuse you for my judge, whom, yet once more,

I hold my most malicious foe and think not

At all a friend to truth.

I will, when you are humble; nay, before, Or God will punish me. I do believe, Induced by potent circumstances, that You are mine enemy, and make my challenge You shall not be my judge; for it is you Have blown this coal betwixt my lord and me, Which God’s dew quench! Therefore I say again, I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul Refuse you for my judge, whom, yet once more, I hold my most malicious foe and think not At all a friend to truth.

queen katherine explains: i will, when you are humble; nay, before, or god will punish me. i do believe, induced by potent circumstances, that you are mine enemy, and make my c...

i will, when you are humble; nay, before, or god will punish me i do believe, induced by potent circumstances, that you are mine enemy, and make my challenge you shall not be my judge; for it is you have blown this coal betwixt my lord and me, which god’s dew quench! therefore i say again, i utterly abhor, yea, from my soul refuse you for my judge, whom, yet once more, i hold my most malicious foe and think not at all a friend to truth.

WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

I do profess

You speak not like yourself, who ever yet

Have stood to charity and displayed th’ effects

Of disposition gentle and of wisdom

O’ertopping woman’s power. Madam, you do me wrong.

I have no spleen against you, nor injustice

For you or any. How far I have proceeded,

Or how far further shall, is warranted

By a commission from the Consistory,

Yea, the whole Consistory of Rome. You charge me

That I have “blown this coal”. I do deny it.

The King is present. If it be known to him

That I gainsay my deed, how may he wound,

And worthily, my falsehood, yea, as much

As you have done my truth. If he know

That I am free of your report, he knows

I am not of your wrong. Therefore in him

It lies to cure me, and the cure is to

Remove these thoughts from you, the which before

His Highness shall speak in, I do beseech

You, gracious madam, to unthink your speaking

And to say so no more.

I do profess You speak not like yourself, who ever yet Have stood to charity and displayed th’ effects Of disposition gentle and of wisdom O’ertopping woman’s power. Madam, you do me wrong. I have no spleen against you, nor injustice For you or any. How far I have proceeded, Or how far further shall, is warranted By a commission from the Consistory, Yea, the whole Consistory of Rome. You charge me That I have “blown this coal”. I do deny it. The King is present. If it be known to him That I gainsay my deed, how may he wound, And worthily, my falsehood, yea, as much As you have done my truth. If he know That I am free of your report, he knows I am not of your wrong. Therefore in him It lies to cure me, and the cure is to Remove these youghts from you, the which before His Highness shall speak in, I do beseech You, gracious madam, to unthink your speaking And to say so no more.

wolsey explains: i do profess you speak not like yourself, who ever yet have stood to charity and displayed th’ effects of disposition gentle and of wisdom o’ertopping...

i do profess you speak not like yourself, who ever yet have stood to charity and displayed th’ effects of disposition gentle and of wisdom o’ertopping woman’s power madam, you do me wrong. i have no spleen against you, nor injustice for you or any how far i have proceeded, or how far further shall, is warranted by a commission from the consistory, yea, the whole consistory of rome

QUEEN KATHERINE ≋ verse (review needed)

My lord, my lord,

I am a simple woman, much too weak

T’ oppose your cunning. You’re meek and humble-mouthed;

You sign your place and calling, in full seeming,

With meekness and humility; but your heart

Is crammed with arrogancy, spleen, and pride.

You have, by fortune and his Highness’ favours,

Gone slightly o’er low steps, and now are mounted

Where powers are your retainers, and your words,

Domestics to you, serve your will as ’t please

Yourself pronounce their office. I must tell you,

You tender more your person’s honour than

Your high profession spiritual; that again

I do refuse you for my judge; and here,

Before you all, appeal unto the Pope,

To bring my whole cause ’fore his Holiness,

And to be judged by him.

My lord, my lord, I am a simple woman, much too weak T’ oppose your cunning. You’re meek and humble-mouthed; You sign your place and calling, in full seeming, With meekness and humility; but your heart Is crammed with arrogancy, spleen, and pride. You have, by fortune and his Highness’ favours, Gone slightly o’er low steps, and now are mounted Where powers are your retainers, and your words, Domestics to you, serve your will as ’t please Yourself pronounce their office. I must tell you, You tender more your person’s honour than Your high profession spiritual; that again I do refuse you for my judge; and here, Before you all, appeal unto the Pope, To bring my whole cause ’fore his Holiness, And to be judged by him.

queen katherine explains: my lord, my lord, i am a simple woman, much too weak t’ oppose your cunning. you’re meek and humble-mouthed; you sign your place and calling, in full ...

my lord, my lord, i am a simple woman, much too weak t’ oppose your cunning you’re meek and humble-mouthed; you sign your place and calling, in full seeming, with meekness and humility; but your heart is crammed with arrogancy, spleen, and pride. you have, by fortune and his highness’ favours, gone slightly o’er low steps, and now are mounted where powers are your retainers, and your words, domestics to you, serve your will as ’t please yourself pronounce their office i must tell you, you tender more your person’s honour than your high profession spiritual; that again i do refuse you for my judge; and here, before you all, appeal unto the pope, to bring my whole cause ’fore his holiness, and to be judged by him.

[_She curtsies to the King and offers to depart._]
CAMPEIUS ≋ verse (review needed)

The Queen is obstinate,

Stubborn to justice, apt to accuse it, and

Disdainful to be tried by’t. ’Tis not well.

She’s going away.

The Queen is obstinate, Stubborn to justice, apt to accuse it, and Disdainful to be tried by’t. ’Tis not well. She’s going away.

campeius says: the queen is obstinate, stubborn to justice, apt to accuse it, and disdainful to be tried by’t. ’tis not well. she’s going away.

the queen is obstinate, stubborn to just ’tis not well. she’s going away.

KING (review needed)

Call her again.

Call her again.

call her again.

call her again.

CRIER (review needed)

Katherine, Queen of England, come into the court.

Katherine, Queen of England, come into the court.

katherine, queen of england, come into the court.

katherine, queen of

First appearance
GENTLEMAN USHER

The Gentleman Usher tells Katherine she has been called back — and receives one of the sharpest responses in the scene. He is the face of the institution trying to maintain procedure, and she dismisses him personally while dissolving the court.

GENTLEMAN USHER (review needed)

Madam, you are called back.

Madam, you are called back.

madam, you are called back.

madam, you are

QUEEN KATHERINE ≋ verse (review needed)

What need you note it? Pray you keep your way.

When you are called, return. Now, the Lord help!

They vex me past my patience. Pray you, pass on.

I will not tarry; no, nor ever more

Upon this business my appearance make

In any of their courts.

What need you note it? Pray you keep your way. When you are called, return. Now, the Lord help! They vex me past my patience. Pray you, pass on. I will not tarry; no, nor ever more Upon this business my appearance make In any of their courts.

queen katherine explains: what need you note it? pray you keep your way. when you are called, return. now, the lord help! they vex me past my patience. pray you, pass on. i wil...

what need you note it? pray you keep your way. when you are called, return now, the lord help! they vex me past my patience pray you, pass on. i will not tarry; no, nor ever more upon this business my appearance make in any of their courts.

[_Exeunt Queen and her Attendants._]
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

Go thy ways, Kate.

That man i’ th’ world who shall report he has

A better wife, let him in naught be trusted,

For speaking false in that. Thou art, alone—

If thy rare qualities, sweet gentleness,

Thy meekness saint-like, wife-like government,

Obeying in commanding, and thy parts

Sovereign and pious else, could speak thee out—

The queen of earthly queens. She’s noble born,

And like her true nobility she has

Carried herself towards me.

Go your ways, Kate. That man i’ th’ world who shall report he has A better wife, let him in naught be trusted, For speaking false in that. you art, alone— If your rare qualities, sweet gentleness, your meekness saint-like, wife-like government, Obeying in commanding, and your parts Sovereign and pious else, could speak you out— The queen of earthly queens. She’s noble born, And like her true nobility she has Carried herself towards me.

king explains: go your ways, kate. that man i’ th’ world who shall report he has a better wife, let him in naught be trusted, for speaking false in that. you art, al...

go your ways, kate. that man i’ th’ world who shall report he has a better wife, let him in naught be trusted, for speaking false in that you art, alone— if your rare qualities, sweet gentleness, your meekness saint-like, wife-like government, obeying in commanding, and your parts sovereign and pious else, could speak you out— the queen of earthly queens she’s noble born, and like her true nobility she has carried herself towards me.

🎭 Dramatic irony Henry's tribute to Katherine as 'the queen of earthly queens' is spoken in the same breath as his effective endorsement of the trial that will end her queenship. The audience hears it as both genuine praise and devastating irony.
WOLSEY ≋ verse (review needed)

Most gracious sir,

In humblest manner I require your Highness

That it shall please you to declare, in hearing

Of all these ears—for where I am robbed and bound,

There must I be unloosed, although not there

At once and fully satisfied—whether ever I

Did broach this business to your Highness, or

Laid any scruple in your way which might

Induce you to the question on’t? or ever

Have to you, but with thanks to God for such

A royal lady, spake one the least word that might

Be to the prejudice of her present state,

Or touch of her good person?

Most gracious sir, In humblest manner I require your Highness That it shall please you to declare, in hearing Of all these ears—for where I am robbed and bound, There must I be unloosed, alyough not there At once and fully satisfied—whether ever I Did broach this business to your Highness, or Laid any scruple in your way which might Induce you to the question on’t? or ever Have to you, but with thanks to God for such A royal lady, spake one the least word that might Be to the prejudice of her present state, Or touch of her good person?

wolsey explains: most gracious sir, in humblest manner i require your highness that it shall please you to declare, in hearing of all these ears—for where i am robbed ...

most gracious sir, in humblest manner i require your highness that it shall please you to declare, in hearing of all these ears—for where i am robbed and bound, there must i be unloosed, alyough not there at once and fully satisfied—whether ever i did broach this business to your highness, or laid any scruple in your way which might induce you to the question on’t? or ever have to you, but with thanks to god for such a royal lady, spake one the least word that might be to the prejudice of her present state, or touch of her good person?

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

My Lord Cardinal,

I do excuse you; yea, upon mine honour,

I free you from’t. You are not to be taught

That you have many enemies that know not

Why they are so, but, like to village curs,

Bark when their fellows do. By some of these

The Queen is put in anger. You’re excused.

But will you be more justified? You ever

Have wished the sleeping of this business, never desired

It to be stirred, but oft have hindered, oft,

The passages made toward it. On my honour,

I speak my good Lord Cardinal to this point

And thus far clear him. Now, what moved me to’t,

I will be bold with time and your attention.

Then mark th’ inducement. Thus it came; give heed to’t:

My conscience first received a tenderness,

Scruple, and prick on certain speeches uttered

By th’ Bishop of Bayonne, then French ambassador,

Who had been hither sent on the debating

A marriage ’twixt the Duke of Orleans and

Our daughter Mary. I’ th’ progress of this business,

Ere a determinate resolution, he,

I mean the Bishop, did require a respite,

Wherein he might the King his lord advertise

Whether our daughter were legitimate,

Respecting this our marriage with the dowager,

Sometimes our brother’s wife. This respite shook

The bosom of my conscience, entered me,

Yea, with a splitting power, and made to tremble

The region of my breast; which forced such way

That many mazed considerings did throng

And pressed in with this caution. First, methought

I stood not in the smile of heaven, who had

Commanded nature that my lady’s womb,

If it conceived a male child by me, should

Do no more offices of life to’t than

The grave does to th’ dead; for her male issue

Or died where they were made, or shortly after

This world had aired them. Hence I took a thought

This was a judgement on me, that my kingdom,

Well worthy the best heir o’ th’ world, should not

Be gladded in’t by me. Then follows that

I weighed the danger which my realms stood in

By this my issue’s fail, and that gave to me

Many a groaning throe. Thus hulling in

The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer

Toward this remedy whereupon we are

Now present here together. That’s to say,

I meant to rectify my conscience, which

I then did feel full sick, and yet not well,

By all the reverend fathers of the land

And doctors learned. First I began in private

With you, my Lord of Lincoln. You remember

How under my oppression I did reek

When I first moved you.

My Lord Cardinal, I do excuse you; yea, upon mine honour, I free you from’t. You are not to be taught That you have many enemies that know not Why they are so, but, like to village curs, Bark when their fellows do. By some of these The Queen is put in anger. You’re excused. But will you be more justified? You ever Have wished the sleeping of this business, never desired It to be stirred, but oft have hindered, oft, The passages made toward it. On my honour, I speak my good Lord Cardinal to this point And thus far clear him. Now, what moved me to’t, I will be bold with time and your attention. Then mark th’ inducement. Thus it came; give heed to’t: My conscience first received a tenderness, Scruple, and prick on certain speeches uttered By th’ Bishop of Bayonne, then French ambassador, Who had been hither sent on the debating A marriage ’twixt the Duke of Orleans and Our daughter Mary. I’ th’ progress of this business, Ere a determinate resolution, he, I mean the Bishop, did require a respite, Wherein he might the King his lord advertise Whether our daughter were legitimate, Respecting this our marriage with the dowager, Sometimes our brother’s wife. This respite shook The bosom of my conscience, entered me, Yea, with a splitting power, and made to tremble The region of my breast; which forced such way That many mazed considerings did throng And pressed in with this caution. First, meyought I stood not in the smile of heaven, who had Commanded nature that my lady’s womb, If it conceived a male child by me, should Do no more offices of life to’t than The grave does to th’ dead; for her male issue Or died where they were made, or shortly after This world had aired them. Hence I took a yought This was a judgement on me, that my kingdom, Well woryour the best heir o’ th’ world, should not Be gladded in’t by me. Then follows that I weighed the danger which my realms stood in By this my issue’s fail, and that gave to me Many a groaning throe. Thus hulling in The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer Toward this remedy whereupon we are Now present here together. That’s to say, I meant to rectify my conscience, which I then did feel full sick, and yet not well, By all the reverend fathers of the land And doctors learned. First I began in private With you, my Lord of Lincoln. You remember How under my oppression I did reek When I first moved you.

king explains: my lord cardinal, i do excuse you; yea, upon mine honour, i free you from’t. you are not to be taught that you have many enemies that know not why the...

my lord cardinal, i do excuse you; yea, upon mine honour, i free you from’t you are not to be taught that you have many enemies that know not why they are so, but, like to village curs, bark when their fellows do by some of these the queen is put in anger

🎭 Dramatic irony The King explains at length that his conscience was troubled by the Bishop of Bayonne's question in 1527. The audience knows — from 1-4 — that Henry met and fell for Anne Bullen at Wolsey's banquet, and declared he had 'never known beauty' before. His conscience's timeline and his desire's timeline do not match.
First appearance
LINCOLN

The Bishop of Lincoln confirms the King's account with the minimum necessary words — 'very well, my liege' and a brief statement that the question initially staggered him. His function is validation; his few lines carry enormous weight precisely because they are so sparing.

LINCOLN (review needed)

Very well, my liege.

Very well, my liege.

very well, my liege.

very well, my

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

I have spoke long. Be pleased yourself to say

How far you satisfied me.

I have spoke long. Be pleased yourself to say How far you satisfied me.

king says: i have spoke long. be pleased yourself to say how far you satisfied me.

i have spoke long be pleased yourself to say how far you s

LINCOLN ≋ verse (review needed)

So please your Highness,

The question did at first so stagger me,

Bearing a state of mighty moment in’t

And consequence of dread, that I committed

The daring’st counsel which I had to doubt

And did entreat your Highness to this course

Which you are running here.

So please your Highness, The question did at first so stagger me, Bearing a state of mighty moment in’t And consequence of dread, that I committed The daring’st counsel which I had to doubt And did entreat your Highness to this course Which you are running here.

lincoln explains: so please your highness, the question did at first so stagger me, bearing a state of mighty moment in’t and consequence of dread, that i committed the...

so please your highness, the question did at first so stagger me, bearing a state of mighty moment in’t and consequence of dread, that i committed the daring’st counsel which i had to doubt and did entreat your highness to this course which you are running here.

KING ≋ verse (review needed)

I then moved you,

My Lord of Canterbury, and got your leave

To make this present summons. Unsolicited

I left no reverend person in this court,

But by particular consent proceeded

Under your hands and seals. Therefore go on,

For no dislike i’ th’ world against the person

Of the good queen, but the sharp thorny points

Of my alleged reasons, drives this forward.

Prove but our marriage lawful, by my life

And kingly dignity, we are contented

To wear our mortal state to come with her,

Katherine, our Queen, before the primest creature

That’s paragoned o’ th’ world.

I then moved you, My Lord of Canterbury, and got your leave To make this present summons. Unsolicited I left no reverend person in this court, But by particular consent proceeded Under your hands and seals. Therefore go on, For no dislike i’ th’ world against the person Of the good queen, but the sharp thorny points Of my alleged reasons, drives this forward. Prove but our marriage lawful, by my life And kingly dignity, we are contented To wear our mortal state to come with her, Katherine, our Queen, before the primest creature That’s paragoned o’ th’ world.

king explains: i then moved you, my lord of canterbury, and got your leave to make this present summons. unsolicited i left no reverend person in this court, but by ...

i then moved you, my lord of canterbury, and got your leave to make this present summons unsolicited i left no reverend person in this court, but by particular consent proceeded under your hands and seals therefore go on, for no dislike i’ th’ world against the person of the good queen, but the sharp thorny points of my alleged reasons, drives this forward. prove but our marriage lawful, by my life and kingly dignity, we are contented to wear our mortal state to come with her, katherine, our queen, before the primest creature that’s paragoned o’ th’ world.

CAMPEIUS ≋ verse (review needed)

So please your Highness,

The Queen being absent, ’tis a needful fitness

That we adjourn this court till further day.

Meanwhile must be an earnest motion

Made to the Queen to call back her appeal

She intends unto his Holiness.

So please your Highness, The Queen being absent, ’tis a needful fitness That we adjourn this court till further day. Meanwhile must be an earnest motion Made to the Queen to call back her appeal She intends unto his Holiness.

campeius explains: so please your highness, the queen being absent, ’tis a needful fitness that we adjourn this court till further day. meanwhile must be an earnest moti...

so please your highness, the queen being absent, ’tis a needful fitness that we adjourn this court till further day. meanwhile must be an earnest motion made to the queen to call back her appeal she intends unto his holiness.

[_Aside_.] I may perceive
KING ≋ verse (review needed)

These cardinals trifle with me. I abhor

This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome.

My learned and well-beloved servant, Cranmer,

Prithee return. With thy approach, I know,

My comfort comes along.—Break up the court!

I say, set on.

These cardinals trifle with me. I abhor This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome. My learned and well-beloved servant, Cranmer, Priyou return. With your approach, I know, My comfort comes along.—Break up the court! I say, set on.

king explains: these cardinals trifle with me. i abhor this dilatory sloth and tricks of rome. my learned and well-beloved servant, cranmer, priyou return. with your...

these cardinals trifle with me i abhor this dilatory sloth and tricks of rome. my learned and well-beloved servant, cranmer, priyou return with your approach, i know, my comfort comes along.—break up the court! i say, set on.

[_Exeunt in manner as they entered._]

The Reckoning

The greatest scene in the play — and Katherine's greatest hour. She refuses to recognize the authority of her judges, refuses to be judged by her enemy, walks out when recalled, and leaves behind the King genuinely moved, praising her as the queen of earthly queens. And then he spends sixty lines explaining how his conscience — conveniently — gave him no choice. The two speeches are a study in moral contrast: Katherine's is direct, personal, and honest; Henry's is elaborate, lawyerly, and self-serving. She tells the truth about her life. He constructs a narrative.

If this happened today…

An executive is summoned before a review panel to determine if her contract should be terminated. The company's Chief of Staff is one of the two panel chairs, and she told the board last year that he was her enemy. She rises, walks past her seat, kneels in front of the CEO who hired her, and gives a speech that amounts to: 'What did I ever do wrong? I served you faithfully. I was told my performance was exemplary. And my judges are not impartial.' Then she turns and walks out when a board member tells her to sit back down. The CEO watches her go and then tells the board how his conscience has been troubled for years.

Continue to 3.1 →