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Act 3, Scene 3 — Another part of the Forest
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The argument Touchstone tries to marry a country girl with a hedge-priest, Jaques watches from the trees with unconcealed delight, and the whole ceremony dissolves into philosophy about cuckoldry, the lies of poetry, and whether a bad marriage is better than no marriage at all.
Enter Touchstone and Audrey; Jaques at a distance observing them.
TOUCHSTONE [salesmanship masquerading as romance]

Come apace, good Audrey. I will fetch up your goats, Audrey. And how,

Audrey? Am I the man yet? Doth my simple feature content you?

Come quickly, good Audrey. I'll fetch up your goats, Audrey. And how are you? Audrey? Am I the man for you yet? Does my plain face please you?

Come on, Audrey. I'll go round up your goats. So how is it? Do I look like I might be the one for you? Does my face work for you?

am i good enough do i look okay come on, let's move

Why it matters Touchstone's opening gambit establishes his entire strategy in the scene: he will frame everything — the goats, Audrey, the marriage, his own desire — through elaborate learned reference, turning a country liaison into a philosophical occasion. The audience watches the machinery of his self-justification being assembled from the first line.
First appearance
AUDREY

Speaks plainly and literally, which is the source of most of her comedy and all of her dignity. When Touchstone piles on philosophical wordplay, she responds with sincere, direct questions — 'Would you not have me honest?' 'Is it a true thing?' — not because she's dim but because she genuinely wants real answers and isn't going to pretend she understood the question. Her literalness is a form of integrity that the more 'educated' characters in this scene entirely lack. Watch for how often she asks the most important question in the room while everyone else is being clever.

AUDREY [literal confusion]

Your features, Lord warrant us! What features?

Your features are fair, sir.

You look fine to me.

you look fine

TOUCHSTONE [self-justification through classical learning]

I am here with thee and thy goats, as the most capricious poet, honest

Ovid, was among the Goths.

Than you fair? Nay, I have a text for that. 'He that has a beard is more than a youth, and he that has no beard is less than a man; and he that is more than a youth is not for me, and he that is less than a man, I am not for him.' Therefore I am not for you.

Better than you? Look, I have a logic for this. The man with a beard is grown, the man without isn't. If a man isn't fully grown, he's not for me. So I'm not the one.

i'm comparing myself to a poet in exile quite the reference point for what i'm doing here

"the gods are ill-paid here" Touchstone is implying that the gods suffer from being represented by poets — that poetry distorts and degrades religious truth. It's a philosophical aside he makes casually, and Audrey receives it in silence because it's not clear to her what it means. The audience knows this is Touchstone being exactly as pedantic as the situation demands.
"capricious poet honest Ovid was among the Goths" A triple pun in seven words: 'capricious' sounds like 'Capricorn' (the goat sign) and means goat-like (Latin caper = goat), so Touchstone is a goat-wit in a goat field calling himself a great poet. Ovid's exile to barbarian Tomis is being compared to Touchstone's current position among country people, which is both funny and tells us exactly how Touchstone sees himself: as a refined intelligence tragically displaced.
[_Aside_.] O knowledge ill-inhabited, worse than Jove in a thatched
JAQUES [cynical observation]

house!

Good Audrey, do not desire him; he is a man of too much talk, and too little honesty.

Audrey, don't marry him. All he does is talk, and he means none of it.

don't want him he's all words no truth

Why it matters Jaques's aside is the scene's first acknowledgment that Touchstone is genuinely brilliant. By calling him 'a worthy fool' and 'a material fool,' Jaques is saying what the audience has been thinking: Touchstone's philosophy is not decoration. The label 'material' is the compliment — he deals in substance, not abstraction.
🎭 Dramatic irony Touchstone wishes Audrey were 'poetical' — meaning: not honest, not chaste, available to pretend. Audrey responds by asking 'Would you not have me honest?' The audience hears his actual answer in his equivocations. She still doesn't.
TOUCHSTONE [intellectual performance hiding desperation]

When a man’s verses cannot be understood, nor a man’s good wit seconded

with the forward child, understanding, it strikes a man more dead than

a great reckoning in a little room. Truly, I would the gods had made

thee poetical.

When a man cannot be understood through his verses, nor when his good wit is not recognized by a responsive intellect, it kills him more than a great reckoning in a little room. Truly, I wish the gods had made you poetical.

When you're smart but nobody gets it — when your wit just dies because there's no one smart enough to receive it — that's worse than anything. I wish you were clever.

when nobody understands your wit that's the worst death better than any accident i wish you got it

"a great reckoning in a little room" The scholarly consensus is strong that this is Shakespeare's veiled reference to Marlowe's death. Marlowe died on May 30, 1593, in Deptford, in a house owned by Eleanor Bull. He was killed in a dispute over a 'reckoning' — the bill for food and drink — by Ingram Frizer. The coroner's report describes the room as small. 'A great reckoning in a little room' collapses the literal event (a bill, a small room, a killing) and the metaphorical tragedy (a great genius dying over a trivial cause in obscurity). Coming in the middle of a scene about the instability of poetry and meaning, it has the quality of a private salute from one playwright to another across six years.
Why it matters Touchstone's aside tells us everything he actually thinks: Audrey's honesty (chastity) is an obstacle, not a virtue, from his perspective. He's literally wishing she were the kind of woman who pretends to virtue while not having it — a 'poetical' woman. This is the scene's moral undercurrent delivered as a joke.
AUDREY [practical confusion]

I do not know what “poetical” is. Is it honest in deed and word? Is it

a true thing?

I do not know what 'poetical' is. Is it a true thing?

What does that mean? Is it something real?

what's that is it real

Why it matters This is the most important question Audrey asks in the scene, and no one gives her a straight answer. She's asking, sincerely, whether the man who is about to marry her actually wants her to be a woman of virtue. The scene's comedy rests on the fact that Touchstone is about to spend forty lines explaining, in elaborate philosophical terms, that the answer is roughly no.
TOUCHSTONE [philosophy as rhetorical disguise]

No, truly; for the truest poetry is the most feigning, and lovers are

given to poetry, and what they swear in poetry may be said, as lovers,

they do feign.

No, truly. For the truest poetry is the most dishonest, and lovers are prone to poetry, and what they swear in poetry may be said as lovers do feign.

No, really. The best poetry is the best lying, and lovers are always writing poetry, and anything they promise in verse is just them performing the role of lovers.

poetry is just beautiful lying lovers write it nothing they swear means anything because it's all pretend

"the truest poetry is the most feigning" One of the most quoted lines in the play — and its logic is actually coherent. Touchstone is making a sophisticated argument: poetry is inherently fictional (feigning/inventing), so the best poetry is the most skillfully invented. Therefore, love poetry — the most extravagant, the most hyperbolic — is the most genuinely 'poetic.' This means all those lover's oaths ('I would die for you,' 'You are more beautiful than the sun') are both completely false and completely sincere, because that's what poetry does. The pun on 'feigning'/'faining' (desiring) collapses the distinction between lying and wanting.
AUDREY [seeking clarification]

Do you wish, then, that the gods had made me poetical?

Do you wish me, then, not to be honest?

So you want me to lie?

you don't want me honest

TOUCHSTONE [evading the question]

I do, truly, for thou swear’st to me thou art honest. Now if thou wert

a poet, I might have some hope thou didst feign.

No, pretty Audrey, I do not desire you to be honest.

No, no, Audrey. That's not what I want.

no audrey i don't want that

AUDREY [sincere concern]

Would you not have me honest?

Why then, God forgive me, I am a sinful woman.

Then God help me, because I'm doing something wrong.

then i'm sinning

TOUCHSTONE [reassurance designed to manipulate]

No, truly, unless thou wert hard-favoured; for honesty coupled to

beauty is to have honey a sauce to sugar.

Not a whit, Audrey; the horn of abundance shall be to you, if you will be married to me.

Not at all. You'll have everything you need if you marry me.

you'll be fine marry me and you'll have plenty

[_Aside_.] A material fool!
AUDREY [asking for confirmation]

Well, I am not fair, and therefore I pray the gods make me honest.

Would you not have me honest?

So you really don't want me to be honest?

you really don't want honesty

Why it matters This speech is the scene's philosophical centerpiece, and it's doing real work. Shakespeare is interrogating the entire convention of Renaissance love poetry — the Petrarchan tradition of extravagant, hyperbolic love-swearing — through the voice of a fool. Touchstone's argument that poetry is fundamentally feigning applies directly to Orlando's tree-carvings and Silvius's desperate speeches. The play keeps asking: what's the difference between performed love and real love?
TOUCHSTONE [performance of certainty]

Truly, and to cast away honesty upon a foul slut were to put good meat

into an unclean dish.

No, truly; for the truest poetry is the most feigning.

Not a bit. Poetry's greatest power is lying.

no. poetry is the best lying

AUDREY [confusion and submission]

I am not a slut, though I thank the gods I am foul.

I am not a woman—I mean, I am a woman, if an honest woman's deed—

I'm confused—I mean, I am a woman, and an honest one if—

i am a woman i'm honest

TOUCHSTONE [justification disguised as inevitability]

Well, praised be the gods for thy foulness; sluttishness may come

hereafter. But be it as it may be, I will marry thee. And to that end I

have been with Sir Oliver Martext, the vicar of the next village, who

hath promised to meet me in this place of the forest and to couple us.

Well, praised be the gods for your lack of beauty; at least you will not age badly. But be that as it may, I will marry you. And to that end I have already spoken with Sir Oliver Martext, the vicar of the next village, who has agreed to meet me here in the forest and perform the ceremony.

Thank the gods you're plain, at least — you won't fade. But anyway, I'm going to marry you. I've already talked to Sir Oliver Martext, the vicar from the next village, and he said he'd come here and do the ceremony.

i'm marrying you the vicar agreed he's coming here to do it

"Sir Oliver Martext" 'Martext' almost certainly means 'one who mars (corrupts or misreads) the text' — possibly a corruption of scripture, possibly a corruption of the marriage ceremony. The name is either a real surname Shakespeare knew or an invented joke name. Either way, the audience hears it as a pun: this priest will mar the text of the marriage service.
↩ Callback to 3-2 Jaques's aside about 'a man who haunts the forest carving Rosalind on the trees' references Orlando's tree-carvings from the previous scene — the audience has just watched Orlando do exactly this. The two scenes are meant to be felt as simultaneous.
🎭 Dramatic irony While Touchstone prepares a hedge-marriage that is explicitly designed to be easily dissolved, Rosalind and Orlando's mock-wooing is happening simultaneously elsewhere in Arden. The play's most serious love affair and its most cynical one are running in parallel — and neither party knows about the other.
[_Aside_.] I would fain see this meeting.
AUDREY [anxiety about commitment]

Well, the gods give us joy!

God give me joy!

God help me!

god help me

TOUCHSTONE [masculinity performance; philosophical self-justification]

Amen. A man may, if he were of a fearful heart, stagger in this

attempt, for here we have no temple but the wood, no assembly but

horn-beasts. But what though? Courage! As horns are odious, they are

necessary. It is said, “Many a man knows no end of his goods.” Right.

Many a man has good horns and knows no end of them. Well, that is the

dowry of his wife; ’tis none of his own getting. Horns? Even so. Poor

men alone? No, no, the noblest deer hath them as huge as the rascal. Is

the single man therefore blessed? No. As a walled town is more worthier

than a village, so is the forehead of a married man more honourable

than the bare brow of a bachelor. And by how much defence is better

than no skill, by so much is horn more precious than to want.

Amen. A fearful man might hesitate at this moment, faced with no church but these woods, no congregation but these horned beasts. But what of it? Be brave! Horns are ugly things, yet necessary. It is said a man may not know the end of his wealth. True. A man has fine horns and does not know where they end. It is his wife's dowry; he does not create them himself. Horns? Even so. Are poor unmarried men blessed? No. A walled city is more worthy than an unwalled village, and the forehead of a married man is more honored than the bare brow of a bachelor. And as a wall is better than defenselessness, so horns are more valuable than lacking them entirely.

Amen. A coward might back out right now — there's no real church, just these woods, and our witnesses are goats. But never mind. Courage! Horns are disgusting, but necessary. You know what they say: a rich man never knows how much he has. Same with horns. A man gets them from his wife and never sees the end of them. It's her gift to him, not something he earns. Horns? Even so. Is a single man better off? No. A walled city beats an unwalled village, and a married man's forehead beats a bachelor's bare face. And if walls are better than no protection, then horns are better than nothing.

even without a church it's valid horns are bad but necessary being married means you get cuckolded but unmarried is worse at least horns mean something happened

"a man haunts the forest that abuses our young plants with carving 'Rosalind'" This aside references Orlando's tree-carving from 3-2 and anticipates the scene we may have just come from. The audience knows Orlando is the Rosalind-carver; Jaques does not yet know who he is. Shakespeare uses Jaques's aside to remind us of the play's other romance while we're watching Touchstone's travesty of one.
"the forehead of a married man more honourable than the bare brow of a bachelor" The entire logic of this speech is deliberately absurd, but the absurdity is the point. Touchstone is arguing that it's better to be a cuckold (a man with an unfaithful wife) than to be unmarried, on the grounds that having anything — even shame — is preferable to having nothing. This is his philosophical justification for marrying Audrey at all: the marriage might be impermanent, the horns might come later, but the horns are preferable to bachelorhood. He's talked himself into the wedding through a parody of Scholastic logic.
Why it matters The horn speech is one of Shakespeare's great comic set-pieces, and it's doing something precise: Touchstone is constructing a philosophical argument for why he should get married while simultaneously assuming his own future infidelity (or his wife's). He has already framed the marriage as something that will involve horns. Audrey is present for all of this and understands roughly none of it. The comedy and the discomfort occupy exactly the same space.
Enter Sir Oliver Martext.
Here comes Sir Oliver. Sir Oliver Martext, you are well met. Will you
dispatch us here under this tree, or shall we go with you to your
chapel?
MARTEXT [professional courtesy strained]

Is there none here to give the woman?

I am not merry, but I do marry. Come you to marry me?

I'm not jolly about this, but I will marry you. You came to get married, right?

i'll marry you

TOUCHSTONE [mock-respectful dismissal]

I will not take her on gift of any man.

Well, marry us.

Go ahead then.

do it

MARTEXT [performing solemnity despite circumstances]

Truly, she must be given, or the marriage is not lawful.

Will you, Audrey?

Will you, Audrey?

will you

[_Coming forward_.] Proceed, proceed. I’ll give her.
TOUCHSTONE [contemptuous interruption]

Good even, good Master What-ye-call’t, how do you, sir? You are very

well met. God ’ild you for your last company. I am very glad to see

you. Even a toy in hand here, sir. Nay, pray be covered.

Proceed, proceed. I will not marry him until you have a better priest than this man, a man who has a real office, not just hedge-priesthood.

Stop. I'm not letting you marry him with just this guy. You need a real priest, not some hedge-priest.

stop get a real priest this isn't legitimate

JAQUES [indignant at being dismissed]

Will you be married, motley?

And what would your honor have?

What do you want?

what do you want

TOUCHSTONE [capitulation mixed with irritation]

As the ox hath his bow, sir, the horse his curb, and the falcon her

bells, so man hath his desires; and as pigeons bill, so wedlock would

be nibbling.

I will not take her on such terms. You're right — I will get a better priest and repeat the ceremony properly.

You're right. I don't want to marry her like this anyway. I'll get a real priest and do it right.

fine i'll get a real priest

"an ill-favoured thing, sir, but mine own" Touchstone is quoting or adapting a proverbial phrase — his self-deprecating description of his attachment to Audrey as a 'poor humour' while she stands there is one of the scene's moments where the comedy and the cruelty inhabit the same line. Audrey is unlikely to parse 'ill-favoured' in the abstract; she knows he's talking about her.
Why it matters This is Touchstone describing Audrey to Jaques in Audrey's presence — and describing her as 'ill-favoured' (plain) while calling his interest in her a 'humour' (a passing whim). She is being discussed as if she isn't there, which is the scene's coldest moment beneath all the comedy.
JAQUES [satisfied cynicism]

And will you, being a man of your breeding, be married under a bush

like a beggar? Get you to church, and have a good priest that can tell

you what marriage is. This fellow will but join you together as they

join wainscot; then one of you will prove a shrunk panel, and like

green timber, warp, warp.

I like him not now. Why did you not marry him properly? Marry them now and then leave her. I see the cruelty of courtiers toward country girls, and I wanted to spare you from it.

I don't like how this looks. Why not just marry her right and then ditch her later? I wanted to keep him from treating her badly.

marry her proper now then you can leave her i'm sparing her the courtier treatment

🎭 Dramatic irony Touchstone tells Jaques, in Audrey's presence, that a bad marriage is useful because it gives him grounds to leave his wife later. Audrey cannot follow the logic being spun around her. The audience can. She is being discussed as a future inconvenience in the middle of her own wedding.
[_Aside_.] I am not in the mind but I were better to be married of him
TOUCHSTONE [eager cooperation]

than of another, for he is not like to marry me well, and not being

well married, it will be a good excuse for me hereafter to leave my

wife.

You're right. Come on, Audrey. We will find a priest and get married properly. This way is better anyway.

You're right, I'll do it. Come on, Audrey. We'll find a real priest.

let's go we'll get married right

JAQUES [satisfied departure]

Go thou with me, and let me counsel thee.

Go with a good heart.

Go on then.

off you go

"I'll give her" Jaques volunteers to give Audrey away in the marriage ceremony — a wildly inappropriate role for a philosophical observer who has just arrived. He's essentially inserting himself into the show because he finds it too entertaining to leave.
TOUCHSTONE [theatrical performance of resolution]

Come, sweet Audrey. We must be married, or we must live in bawdry.

Farewell, good Master Oliver. Not

_O sweet Oliver,

O brave Oliver,

Leave me not behind thee._

But

_Wind away,—

Begone, I say,

I will not to wedding with thee._

Come, sweet Audrey. We must be married, or we must live in sin. Farewell, good Sir Oliver. Not 'O sweet Oliver, O brave Oliver, leave me not behind thee,' but 'Wind away, begone, I say, I will not go to wedding with thee.'

Come on, Audrey. We're getting married or we're living in sin. Goodbye, Sir Oliver. Not 'brave Oliver, don't leave me,' but 'get out of here, I won't marry with you.'

we're getting married or we're living in sin goodbye oliver i don't need you

Why it matters This is arguably the most charged line in the scene — and possibly in the play. In the middle of a comic hedge-marriage sequence, Shakespeare pauses to drop what is almost certainly a memorial to Marlowe: the greatest English playwright before him, dead at twenty-nine over a tavern bill. That Touchstone speaks it — the fool, the most 'material' wit in the play — suggests Shakespeare knew exactly what he was doing.
[_Exeunt Touchstone, Audrey and Jaques._]
MARTEXT [professional goodbye]

’Tis no matter. Ne’er a fantastical knave of them all shall flout me

out of my calling.

God rest you merry, sir.

Good luck to you.

goodbye

[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

This is the play's great comic counterpart to all the serious wooing elsewhere in Arden. Touchstone wants Audrey, wants philosophical cover for wanting her, and wants a marriage just ambiguous enough to be escapable — in that order. Audrey wants to be married and doesn't fully understand the game being played around her, which is the scene's uncomfortable undercurrent. Jaques appears not to stop the marriage on moral grounds but because he finds the absurdity of a hedge-marriage philosophically offensive. The scene ends with Touchstone agreeing to get married properly, but his intentions toward Audrey remain as unclear as his definition of 'poetical.'

If this happened today…

Picture a guy who talks like a philosophy PhD student bringing his girlfriend to get married at a roadside chapel by a notary public whose credentials are definitely not current. His best friend shows up, watches the whole spectacle with visible amusement, and eventually talks him into getting a real officiant — not because it's the right thing to do for her, but because getting married by a fake priest is aesthetically beneath them. The girlfriend just wants to know if she's getting married or not. It's 2025, the roadside chapel has a TikTok account, and the 'philosophy PhD' has been workshopping a speech about why cheating is actually a sign of social status.

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