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Act 4, Scene 1 — Without the Florentine camp.
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The argument Soldiers ambush Parolles outside Florence's camp, speaking fake gibberish as a foreign tongue, and he instantly offers to betray everyone he knows.
Enter first Lord with five or six Soldiers in ambush.
FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

He can come no other way but by this hedge-corner. When you sally upon

him, speak what terrible language you will; though you understand it

not yourselves, no matter; for we must not seem to understand him,

unless someone among us, whom we must produce for an interpreter.

He can come no other way but by this hedge-corner. When you sally upon him, speak what terrible language you will; though you understand it not yourselves, no matter; for we must not seem to understand him, unless someone among us, whom we must produce for an interpreter.

he can come no other way but by th's hedge-corner. when you sally upon him, speak what terrible language you will; though you understand it not yourselves, no matter; for we must not seem to understand him, unless someone among us, whom we must produce for an interpreter.

He can come no other way but by this hedge-corner. When you...

"speak what terrible language you will" The plot hinges on a deliberately fake 'foreign language' — the soldiers will invent nonsense syllables to pass as enemy troops. The Elizabethan audience would have found this immediately funny; the comedy depends on knowing that the gibberish is gibberish.
FIRST SOLDIER FIRST SOLDIER

Good captain, let me be th’ interpreter.

Good captain, let me be th’ interpreter.

good captain, let me be th’ interpreter.

Good captain, let me be th’ interpreter.

FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

Art not acquainted with him? Knows he not thy voice?

are not acquainted with him? Knows he not your voice?

're not acquainted with him? knows he not your voice?

are not acquainted with him? Knows he not your voice?

FIRST SOLDIER FIRST SOLDIER

No sir, I warrant you.

No sir, I warrant you.

no sir, i warrant you.

No sir, I warrant you.

FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

But what linsey-woolsey has thou to speak to us again?

But what linsey-woolsey has you to speak to us again?

but what linsey-woolsey has you to speak to us again?

But what linsey-woolsey has you to speak to us again?

"linsey-woolsey" A coarse cloth woven from a blend of linen and wool — used metaphorically for anything mixed, muddled, or makeshift. The Lord is asking what nonsense language the soldier will use when 'translating' for Parolles.
FIRST SOLDIER FIRST SOLDIER

E’en such as you speak to me.

E’en such as you speak to me.

e’en such as you speak to me.

E’en such as you speak to me.

FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

He must think us some band of strangers i’ the adversary’s

entertainment. Now he hath a smack of all neighbouring languages,

therefore we must every one be a man of his own fancy; not to know what

we speak one to another, so we seem to know, is to know straight our

purpose: choughs’ language, gabble enough, and good enough. As for you,

interpreter, you must seem very politic. But couch, ho! Here he comes;

to beguile two hours in a sleep, and then to return and swear the lies

he forges.

He must think us some band of strangers i’ the adversary’s entertainment. Now he has a smack of all neighbouring languages, therefore we must every one be a man of his own fancy; not to know what we speak one to another, so we seem to know, is to know straight our purpose: choughs’ language, gabble enough, and good enough. As for you, interpreter, you must seem very politic. But couch, ho! Here he comes; to beguile two hours in a sleep, and then to return and swear the lies he forges.

he must think us some band of strangers i’ the adversary’s entertainment. now he has a smack of all neighbouring languages, therefore we must every one be a man of h's own fancy; not to know what we speak one to another, so we seem to know, 's to know straight our purpose: choughs’ language, gabble enough, and good enough. as for you, interpreter, you must seem very politic. but couch, ho! here he comes; to beguile two hours in a sleep, and then to return and swear the lies he forges.

He must think us some band of strangers i’ the adversary’s entertainment....

"choughs' language, gabble enough, and good enough" Choughs (jackdaws) were proverbial chatterers — all noise, no meaning. The Lord says their fake foreign language needs only to sound like something; Parolles' credulity will fill in the rest.
"to beguile two hours in a sleep, and then to return and swear the lies he forges" This is the First Lord nailing Parolles' entire plan out loud as a stage aside — Parolles was never going to recover the drum. He was going to fake-nap, fake-fail, and invent an adventure story. The plan was always theater.
Why it matters The First Lord's description of Parolles' plan — 'to beguile two hours in a sleep, and then to return and swear the lies he forges' — is the clearest statement yet of what Parolles has been all along: not a soldier, but a storyteller performing soldiership.
Enter Parolles.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Ten o’clock. Within these three hours ’twill be time enough to go home.

What shall I say I have done? It must be a very plausive invention that

carries it. They begin to smoke me, and disgraces have of late knock’d

too often at my door. I find my tongue is too foolhardy, but my heart

hath the fear of Mars before it, and of his creatures, not daring the

reports of my tongue.

Ten o’clock. Within these three hours ’twill be time enough to go home. What shall I say I have done? It must be a very plausive invention that carries it. They begin to smoke me, and disgraces have of late knock’d too often at my door. I find my tongue is too foolhardy, but my heart has the fear of Mars before it, and of his creatures, not daring the reports of my tongue.

ten o’clock. within these three hours ’twill be time enough to go home. what shall i say i 've done? it must be a very plausive invention that carries it. they begin to smoke me, and disgraces 've of late knock’d too often at my door. i find my tongue 's too foolhardy, but my heart has the fear of mars before it, and of h's creatures, not daring the reports of my tongue.

Ten o’clock. Within these three hours ’twill be time enough to go...

Why it matters This soliloquy is a bombshell: Parolles explicitly admits that his bravado is fake, that he knows he can't deliver what his mouth promises. He's not self-deceived — he's a deliberate performer who has started to lose his audience.
↩ Callback to 3-6 Parolles' soliloquy here confirms what the First Lord reported in 3-6: that Parolles knew his drum mission was impossible and was never going to attempt it.
[_Aside._] This is the first truth that e’er thine own tongue was
FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

guilty of.

guilty of.

guilty of.

guilty of.

PAROLLES PAROLLES

What the devil should move me to undertake the recovery of this drum,

being not ignorant of the impossibility, and knowing I had no such

purpose? I must give myself some hurts, and say I got them in exploit;

yet slight ones will not carry it. They will say “Came you off with so

little?” and great ones I dare not give. Wherefore, what’s the

instance? Tongue, I must put you into a butter-woman’s mouth, and buy

myself another of Bajazet’s mule, if you prattle me into these perils.

What the devil should move me to undertake the recovery of this drum, being not ignorant of the impossibility, and knowing I had no such purpose? I must give myself some hurts, and say I got them in exploit; yet slight ones will not carry it. They will say “Came you off with so little?” and great ones I dare not give. Wherefore, what’s the instance? Tongue, I must put you into a butter-woman’s mouth, and buy myself another of Bajazet’s mule, if you prattle me into these perils.

what the devil should move me to undertake the recovery of th's drum, being not ignorant of the impossibility, and knowing i had no such purpose? i must give myself some hurts, and say i got them in exploit; yet slight ones will not carry it. they will say “came you off with so little?” and great ones i d're not give. wherefore, what’s the instance? tongue, i must put you into a butter-woman’s mouth, and buy myself another of bajazet’s mule, if you prattle me into these perils.

What the devil should move me to undertake the recovery of this...

"put you into a butter-woman's mouth" Butter-women (market women selling butter) were proverbial for constant, trivial chatter. Parolles says his tongue belongs in the mouth of a harmless gossip, not a soldier — it's been dangerously overemployed.
[_Aside._] Is it possible he should know what he is, and be that he is?
PAROLLES PAROLLES

I would the cutting of my garments would serve the turn, or the

breaking of my Spanish sword.

I would the cutting of my garments would serve the turn, or the breaking of my Spanish sword.

i would the cutting of my garments would serve the turn, or the breaking of my spanish sword.

I would the cutting of my garments would serve the turn, or...

[_Aside._] We cannot afford you so.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Or the baring of my beard, and to say it was in stratagem.

Or the baring of my beard, and to say it was in stratagem.

or the baring of my beard, and to say it was in stratagem.

Or the baring of my beard, and to say it was in...

[_Aside._] ’Twould not do.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Or to drown my clothes, and say I was stripped.

Or to drown my clothes, and say I was stripped.

or to drown my clothes, and say i was stripped.

Or to drown my clothes, and say I was stripped.

[_Aside._] Hardly serve.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Though I swore I leap’d from the window of the citadel,—

Though I swore I leap’d from the window of the citadel,—

though i swore i leap’d from the window of the citadel,—

Though I swore I leap’d from the window of the citadel,—

[_Aside._] How deep?
PAROLLES PAROLLES

Thirty fathom.

Thirty fathom.

thirty fathom.

Thirty fathom.

[_Aside._] Three great oaths would scarce make that be believed.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

I would I had any drum of the enemy’s; I would swear I recover’d it.

I would I had any drum of the enemy’s; I would swear I recover’d it.

i would i had any drum of the enemy’s; i would swear i recover’d it.

I would I had any drum of the enemy’s; I would swear...

[_Aside._] You shall hear one anon.
PAROLLES PAROLLES

A drum now of the enemy’s!

A drum now of the enemy’s!

a drum now of the enemy’s!

A drum now of the enemy’s!

🎭 Dramatic irony Parolles literally wishes out loud for an enemy drum — 'A drum now of the enemy's!' — and within ten seconds the ambush alarm sounds. He has conjured his own trap.
[_Alarum within._]
FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

_Throca movousus, cargo, cargo, cargo._

_Throca movousus, cargo, cargo, cargo._

_throca movousus, cargo, cargo, cargo._

_Throca movousus, cargo, cargo, cargo._

"_Throca movousus, cargo, cargo, cargo._" Complete nonsense, and deliberately so — Shakespeare invents a fake 'foreign language' for the soldiers to shout. The joke is that Parolles, who has prided himself on knowing 'all neighboring languages,' will be terrified by gibberish.
ALL ALL

_Cargo, cargo, cargo, villianda par corbo, cargo._

_Cargo, cargo, cargo, villianda par corbo, cargo._

_cargo, cargo, cargo, villianda par corbo, cargo._

_Cargo, cargo, cargo, villianda par corbo, cargo._

[_They seize and blindfold him._]
PAROLLES PAROLLES

O, ransom, ransom! Do not hide mine eyes.

O, ransom, ransom! Do not hide mine eyes.

o, ransom, ransom! do not hide mine eyes.

O, ransom, ransom! Do not hide mine eyes.

FIRST SOLDIER FIRST SOLDIER

_Boskos thromuldo boskos._

_Boskos thromuldo boskos._

_boskos thromuldo boskos._

_Boskos thromuldo boskos._

PAROLLES ≋ verse PAROLLES

I know you are the Muskos’ regiment,

And I shall lose my life for want of language.

If there be here German, or Dane, Low Dutch,

Italian, or French, let him speak to me,

I’ll discover that which shall undo the Florentine.

I know you are the Muskos’ regiment, And I shall lose my life for want of language. If there be here German, or Dane, Low Dutch, Italian, or French, let him speak to me, I’ll discover that which shall undo the Florentine.

i know you 're the muskos’ regiment, and i shall lose my life for want of language. if there be here german, or dane, low dutch, italian, or french, let him speak to me, i’ll discover that which shall undo the florentine.

I know you are the Muskos’ regiment, And I shall lose my...

Why it matters Parolles immediately offers to betray the Florentines — his own supposed allies — before he's even been asked a question. His first instinct under pressure is not resistance but collaboration.
🎭 Dramatic irony The audience knows the 'foreign regiment' is composed entirely of Parolles' own allies speaking nonsense. His offer to 'discover that which shall undo the Florentine' means he's offering to betray his own commander, Bertram, to Bertram's own soldiers.
FIRST SOLDIER FIRST SOLDIER

_Boskos vauvado._ I understand thee, and can speak thy tongue.

_Kerelybonto._ Sir, Betake thee to thy faith, for seventeen poniards

are at thy bosom.

_Boskos vauvado._ I understand you, and can speak your tongue. _Kerelybonto._ Sir, Betake you to your faith, for seventeen poniards are at your bosom.

_boskos vauvado._ i understand you, and can speak your tongue. _kerelybonto._ sir, betake you to your faith, for seventeen poniards 're at your bosom.

_Boskos vauvado._ I understand you, and can speak your tongue. _Kerelybonto._ Sir,...

PAROLLES PAROLLES

O!

O!

o!

O!

FIRST SOLDIER ≋ verse FIRST SOLDIER

O, pray, pray, pray!

_Manka revania dulche._

O, pray, pray, pray! _Manka revania dulche._

o, pray, pray, pray! _manka revania dulche._

O, pray, pray, pray! _Manka revania dulche._

FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

_Oscorbidulchos volivorco._

_Oscorbidulchos volivorco._

_oscorbidulchos volivorco._

_Oscorbidulchos volivorco._

FIRST SOLDIER ≋ verse FIRST SOLDIER

The General is content to spare thee yet;

And, hoodwink’d as thou art, will lead thee on

To gather from thee. Haply thou mayst inform

Something to save thy life.

The General is content to spare you yet; And, hoodwink’d as you are, will lead you on To gather from you. perhaps you may inform Something to save your life.

the general 's content to sp're you yet; and, hoodwink’d as you are, will lead you on to gather from you. perhaps you may inform something to save your life.

The General is content to spare you yet; And, hoodwink’d as you...

PAROLLES ≋ verse PAROLLES

O, let me live,

And all the secrets of our camp I’ll show,

Their force, their purposes; nay, I’ll speak that

Which you will wonder at.

O, let me live, And all the secrets of our camp I’ll show, Their force, their purposes; no, I’ll speak that Which you will wonder at.

o, let me live, and all the secrets of our camp i’ll show, their force, their purposes; no, i’ll speak that which you will wonder at.

O, let me live, And all the secrets of our camp I’ll...

FIRST SOLDIER FIRST SOLDIER

But wilt thou faithfully?

But will you faithfully?

but will you faithfully?

But will you faithfully?

PAROLLES PAROLLES

If I do not, damn me.

If I do not, damn me.

if i do not, damn me.

If I do not, damn me.

FIRST SOLDIER ≋ verse FIRST SOLDIER

_Acordo linta._

Come on; thou art granted space.

_Acordo linta._ Come on; you are granted space.

_acordo linta._ come on; you 're granted space.

_Acordo linta._ Come on; you are granted space.

[_Exit, with Parolles guarded._]
A short alarum within.
FIRST LORD ≋ verse FIRST LORD

Go tell the Count Rossillon and my brother

We have caught the woodcock, and will keep him muffled

Till we do hear from them.

Go tell the Count Rossillon and my brother We have caught the woodcock, and will keep him muffled Till we do hear from them.

go tell the count rossillon and my brother we 've caught the woodcock, and will keep him muffled till we do hear from them.

Go tell the Count Rossillon and my brother We have caught the...

"we have caught the woodcock" Woodcocks were notoriously easy to snare — proverbially foolish birds who walked into traps. Calling Parolles a woodcock is Shakespeare's punchline for the whole scene.
SECOND SOLDIER SECOND SOLDIER

Captain, I will.

Captain, I will.

captain, i will.

Captain, I will.

FIRST LORD ≋ verse FIRST LORD

’A will betray us all unto ourselves;

Inform on that.

’A will betray us all unto ourselves; Inform on that.

’a will betray us all unto ourselves; inform on that.

’A will betray us all unto ourselves; Inform on that.

SECOND SOLDIER SECOND SOLDIER

So I will, sir.

So I will, sir.

so i will, sir.

So I will, sir.

FIRST LORD FIRST LORD

Till then I’ll keep him dark, and safely lock’d.

Till then I’ll keep him dark, and safely lock’d.

till then i’ll keep him dark, and safely lock’d.

Till then I’ll keep him dark, and safely lock’d.

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

This is the scene everyone in the audience has been waiting for: the unmasking of Parolles, the great braggart and coward. What makes it funnier and darker than you expect is how fast it happens — within three lines of capture, Parolles is offering to sell out the entire Florentine army. The First Lord's running aside commentary turns the audience into co-conspirators, relishing every word. We leave the scene feeling both the sting of comedy and something more uncomfortable: what does it mean that the man was apparently self-aware the whole time?

If this happened today…

A tech startup's 'Chief Strategy Officer' has been bluffing his way through board meetings for two years. The founders have him shadowed by consultants who speak total nonsense — a fake language composed of random syllables and conference buzzwords. He's captured in the parking garage. Within thirty seconds, still blindfolded, he's offering to forward-slash the competitor's product roadmap, cc the venture capitalist's private emails, and 'share some insights' about his own CEO. The consultants exchange glances. This is going to be a long deposition.

Continue to 4.2 →