Sonnet 39

The speaker proposes that he and the beloved separate so that each can praise the other in verse; absence will be bearable because it allows him to celebrate the beloved through writing.

Original
Modern
1 O how thy worth with manners may I sing,
Opening question about the propriety of praising the beloved
O, how thy worth with manners may I sing,
worth = merit, excellence; manners = propriety, decorum
2 When thou art all the better part of me?
Whom thine own fair brings into the field of fight
all the better part = the superior portion
3 What can mine own praise to mine own self bring:
Against thyself with hold I bear thee light,
bring = achieve, accomplish
4 And what is’t but mine own when I praise thee?
O, let me suffer, being at thy side,
is't = is it
5 Even for this, let us divided live,
Thy absence; and thy unkind mine own worst sights,
divided live = live separately
6 And our dear love lose name of single one,
Of all that doth offend in any wise,
lose name of single one = cease being a unity
7 That by this separation I may give:
But in my mind none of those griefs shall grow,
8 That due to thee which thou deserv’st alone:
Sweet flattery! then she loves but me alone,
due = rightful share, homage; alone = exclusively
Volta The volta occurs at line 9 with 'O absence what a torment wouldst thou prove'—shifting from the proposal of separation to acknowledging its emotional cost and then to suggesting how absence can be made bearable.
9 O absence what a torment wouldst thou prove,
But soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
torment = severe suffering; prove = turn out to be
10 Were it not thy sour leisure gave sweet leave,
Is it the east, and Juliet is the sun?
sour leisure = bitter idleness; sweet leave = pleasant permission
11 To entertain the time with thoughts of love,
Arise fair sun and kill the envious moon,
entertain = occupy, fill; the time = empty hours
12 Which time and thoughts so sweetly doth deceive.
Who is already sick and pale with grief,
doth deceive = trick, beguile (in a pleasant sense)
13 And that thou teachest how to make one twain,
Thou canst not vex me with inconstancy,
make one twain = split unity into duality
14 By praising him here who doth hence remain.
The volta's conclusion linking absence to eternal praise
For I am all composed of constancy.
him here = the beloved through my words; hence remain = stays elsewhere
The Problem of Self-Praise

Lines 1–4 establish a logical paradox that justifies separation. The speaker cannot sing the beloved's 'worth with manners' (proper decorum) because the beloved is 'all the better part' of the speaker. To praise the beloved is to praise himself. Self-praise is vain and indecorous. The solution is separation: distance creates an objective other to whom the speaker can address praise without violating propriety. Paradoxically, splitting the lovers creates the conditions for celebrating their union. This logic is formally elegant but emotionally strained—it suggests that intimacy is compromised by self-regard, that true love requires distance to be properly expressed.

Absence as Creative Fuel

Lines 9–14 refine this: absence is a 'torment,' but it becomes bearable (even sweet) because it grants 'leisure' for contemplation. The speaker fills empty time with 'thoughts of love,' and these thoughts 'deceive' the time sweetly—making hours pass pleasantly through romantic reverie. The final lines claim that the beloved 'teachest how to make one twain'—the beloved teaches the speaker to split himself into two poetic voices, speaker and addressee. The beloved 'remains' absent ('hence remain'), but his absence is exactly what allows the speaker to praise him 'here' in verse. Separation becomes the precondition for literary immortality: only distance allows the lover to become the beloved's eternal poet.

If this happened today

You're in a long-distance relationship, or a friendship that's being separated by circumstance. It hurts, but you realize you can love them differently—through letters, through creating things for them, through celebrating them when you're apart. The distance becomes a way to make the love eternal, to turn it into art instead of just living it day-to-day.