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Act 4, Scene 2 — A Room in the Palace
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The argument Emilia agonizes over portraits of Arcite and Palamon, unable to choose, while Theseus and the court receive vivid descriptions of the six champion knights who have arrived for the tournament.
Enter Emilia alone, with two pictures.
EMILIA ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Yet I may bind those wounds up, that must open

And bleed to death for my sake else. I’ll choose,

And end their strife. Two such young handsome men

Shall never fall for me; their weeping mothers,

Following the dead cold ashes of their sons,

Shall never curse my cruelty.

Yet I may bind those wounds up, that must open And bleed to death for my sake else. I’ll choose, And end their strife. Two such young handsome men Shall never fall for me; their weeping mothers, Following the dead cold ashes of their sons, Shall never curse my cruelty.

yet i've may bind those wounds up, that must open and bleed to death for my sake else. i’ll choose, and end their strife. two such young handsome men shall never fall for me; their weeping mothers, following the dead cold ashes of their sons, shall never curse my cruelty.

yet i may bind

[_Looks at one of the pictures._]
Good heaven,
What a sweet face has Arcite! If wise Nature,
With all her best endowments, all those beauties
She sows into the births of noble bodies,
Were here a mortal woman, and had in her
The coy denials of young maids, yet doubtless
She would run mad for this man. What an eye,
Of what a fiery sparkle and quick sweetness,
Has this young prince! Here Love himself sits smiling;
Just such another wanton Ganymede
Set Jove afire with, and enforced the god
Snatch up the goodly boy and set him by him,
A shining constellation. What a brow,
Of what a spacious majesty, he carries,
Arched like the great-eyed Juno’s, but far sweeter,
Smoother than Pelops’ shoulder! Fame and Honour,
Methinks, from hence, as from a promontory
Pointed in heaven, should clap their wings and sing
To all the under-world the loves and fights
Of gods and such men near ’em.
[_Looks at the other picture._]
Palamon
Is but his foil; to him a mere dull shadow;
He’s swart and meagre, of an eye as heavy
As if he had lost his mother; a still temper,
No stirring in him, no alacrity;
Of all this sprightly sharpness, not a smile.
Yet these that we count errors may become him;
Narcissus was a sad boy but a heavenly.
O, who can find the bent of woman’s fancy?
I am a fool; my reason is lost in me;
I have no choice, and I have lied so lewdly
That women ought to beat me. On my knees
I ask thy pardon, Palamon, thou art alone
And only beautiful, and these the eyes,
These the bright lamps of beauty, that command
And threaten love, and what young maid dare cross ’em?
What a bold gravity, and yet inviting,
Has this brown manly face! O Love, this only
From this hour is complexion. Lie there, Arcite.
[_She puts aside his picture._]
Thou art a changeling to him, a mere gypsy,
And this the noble body. I am sotted,
Utterly lost. My virgin’s faith has fled me.
For if my brother but even now had asked me
Whether I loved, I had run mad for Arcite;
Now, if my sister, more for Palamon.
Stand both together. Now, come ask me, brother.
Alas, I know not! Ask me now, sweet sister.
I may go look! What a mere child is Fancy,
That, having two fair gauds of equal sweetness,
Cannot distinguish, but must cry for both.
Enter a Gentleman.
EMILIA [moment of intensity]

How now, sir?

How now, sir?

In other words: how now, sir?

how now sir

First appearance
GENTLEMAN

A functional news-bearer with no personality beyond efficiency — he delivers information and defers to those above him. Watch for how he and the Messenger between them represent the court's excitement, which stands in sharp contrast to Emilia's dread.

GENTLEMAN ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

From the noble Duke your brother,

Madam, I bring you news. The knights are come.

From the noble Duke your brother, Madam, I bring you news. The knights are come.

from the noble duke your brother, madam, i've bring you news. the knights are come.

from noble duke your

EMILIA [moment of intensity]

To end the quarrel?

To end the quarrel?

In other words: to end the quarrel?

to end quarrel

GENTLEMAN [moment of intensity]

Yes.

Yes.

In other words: yes.

yes

EMILIA ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Would I might end first!

What sins have I committed, chaste Diana,

That my unspotted youth must now be soiled

With blood of princes, and my chastity

Be made the altar where the lives of lovers—

Two greater and two better never yet

Made mothers joy—must be the sacrifice

To my unhappy beauty?

Would I might end first! What sins have I committed, chaste Diana, That my unspotted youth must now be soiled With blood of princes, and my chastity Be made the altar whbefore the lives of lovers— Two greater and two better never yet Made mothers joy—must be the sacrifice To my unhappy beauty?

would i've might end first! what sins have i committed, chaste diana, that my unspotted youth must now be soiled with blood of princes, and my chastity be made the altar whbefore the lives of lovers— two greater and two better never yet made mothers joy—must be the sacrifice to my unhappy beauty?

would i might end

"my chastity / Be made the altar where the lives of lovers" Emilia frames herself as a sacrificial site — a terrible inversion of the usual romantic logic where men die gloriously for love. She sees only that her existence is the cause of the killing.
Enter Theseus, Hippolyta, Pirithous and Attendants.
THESEUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Bring ’em in

Quickly, by any means; I long to see ’em.

Your two contending lovers are returned,

And with them their fair knights. Now, my fair sister,

You must love one of them.

Bring ’em in Quickly, by any means; I long to see ’em. Your two contending lovers are returned, And with them their fair knights. Now, my fair sister, You must love one of them.

bring ’em in quickly, by any means; i've long to see ’em. your two contending lovers are returned, and with them their fair knights. now, my fair sister, you must love one of them.

bring ’em in quickly

EMILIA ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

I had rather both,

So neither for my sake should fall untimely.

I had rather both, So neither for my sake should fall untimely.

i've had rather both, so neither for my sake should fall untimely.

i had rather both

THESEUS [moment of intensity]

Who saw ’em?

Who saw ’em?

In other words: who saw ’em?

who saw ’em

PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

I a while.

I a while.

i've a while.

i while

GENTLEMAN [moment of intensity]

And I.

And I.

In other words: and i.

and i

Enter Messenger.
THESEUS [moment of intensity]

From whence come you, sir?

From whence come you, sir?

In other words: from whence come you, sir?

from whence come you

MESSENGER [moment of intensity]

From the knights.

From the knights.

In other words: from the knights.

from knights

THESEUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Pray, speak,

You that have seen them, what they are.

Pray, speak, You that have seen them, what they are.

In other words: pray, speak, you that have seen them, what they are.

pray speak you that

MESSENGER ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

I will, sir,

And truly what I think. Six braver spirits

Than these they have brought, if we judge by the outside,

I never saw nor read of. He that stands

In the first place with Arcite, by his seeming

Should be a stout man, by his face a prince,

His very looks so say him; his complexion

Nearer a brown than black, stern and yet noble,

Which shows him hardy, fearless, proud of dangers;

The circles of his eyes show fire within him,

And as a heated lion so he looks.

His hair hangs long behind him, black and shining

Like ravens’ wings; his shoulders broad and strong;

Armed long and round; and on his thigh a sword

Hung by a curious baldric, when he frowns

To seal his will with. Better, o’ my conscience,

Was never soldier’s friend.

I will, sir, And truly what I think. Six braver spirits Than these they have brought, if we judge by the outside, I never saw nor read of. He that stands In the first place with Arcite, by his seeming Should be a stout man, by his face a prince, His very looks so say him; his complexion Nearer a brown than black, stern and yet noble, Which shows him hardy, fearless, proud of dangers; The circles of his eyes show fire within him, And as a heated lion so he looks. His hair hangs long behind him, black and shining Like ravens’ wings; his shoulders broad and strong; Armed long and round; and on his thigh a sword Hung by a curious baldric, when he frowns To seal his will with. Better, o’ my conscience, Was never soldier’s friend.

i've will, sir, and truly what i think. six braver spirits than these they have brought, if we judge by the outside, i never saw nor read of

i will sir and

THESEUS [moment of intensity]

Thou hast well described him.

Thou hast well described him.

In other words: thou hast well described him.

thou hast well described

PIRITHOUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Yet a great deal short,

Methinks, of him that’s first with Palamon.

Yet a great deal short, Methinks, of him that’s first with Palamon.

In other words: yet a great deal short, methinks, of him that’s first with palamon.

yet great deal short

THESEUS [moment of intensity]

Pray, speak him, friend.

Pray, speak him, friend.

In other words: pray, speak him, friend.

pray speak him friend

PIRITHOUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

I guess he is a prince too,

And, if it may be, greater; for his show

Has all the ornament of honour in ’t:

He’s somewhat bigger than the knight he spoke of,

But of a face far sweeter; his complexion

Is, as a ripe grape, ruddy. He has felt

Without doubt what he fights for, and so apter

To make this cause his own. In ’s face appears

All the fair hopes of what he undertakes

And when he’s angry, then a settled valour,

Not tainted with extremes, runs through his body

And guides his arm to brave things. Fear he cannot;

He shows no such soft temper. His head’s yellow,

Hard-haired and curled, thick-twined like ivy tods,

Not to undo with thunder. In his face

The livery of the warlike maid appears,

Pure red and white, for yet no beard has blessed him;

And in his rolling eyes sits Victory,

As if she ever meant to crown his valour.

His nose stands high, a character of honour;

His red lips, after fights, are fit for ladies.

I guess he is a prince too, And, if it may be, greater; for his show Has all the ornament of honour in ’t: He’s somewhat bigger than the knight he spoke of, But of a face far sweeter; his complexion Is, as a ripe grape, ruddy. He has felt Wiyout doubt what he fights for, and so apter To make this cause his own. In ’s face appears All the fair hopes of what he undertakes And when he’s angry, then a settled valour, Not tainted with extremes, runs through his body And guides his arm to brave things. Fear he cannot; He shows no such soft temper. His head’s yellow, Hard-haired and curled, thick-twined like ivy tods, Not to undo with thunder. In his face The livery of the warlike maid appears, Pure red and white, for yet no beard has blessed him; And in his rolling eyes sits Victory, As if she ever meant to crown his valour. His nose stands high, a character of honour; His red lips, after fights, are fit for ladies.

i've guess he is a prince too, and, if it may be, greater; for his show has all the ornament of honour in ’t: he’s somewhat bigger than the knight he spoke of, but of a face far sweeter; his complexion is, as a ripe grape, ruddy. he has felt wiyout doubt what he fights for, and so apter to make this cause his own

i guess he prince

🎭 Dramatic irony Pirithous describes Palamon's first knight with 'Victory seems to sit in his rolling eyes' — but Palamon will ultimately lose the tournament. The confidence of these descriptions is about to be undone by the gods.
EMILIA [moment of intensity]

Must these men die too?

Must these men die too?

In other words: must these men die too?

must these men die

Why it matters Emilia's question arrives in the middle of the men's excited athletic commentary, and it's essentially ignored. This is the play's sharpest staging of her powerlessness: she asks the only question that matters, and the Messenger continues his description.
PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

When he speaks, his tongue

When he speaks, his tongue

In other words: when he speaks, his tongue

when he speaks his

Sounds like a trumpet. All his lineaments
Are as a man would wish ’em, strong and clean.
He wears a well-steeled axe, the staff of gold;
His age some five-and-twenty.
MESSENGER ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

There’s another,

A little man, but of a tough soul, seeming

As great as any; fairer promises

In such a body yet I never looked on.

Thbefore’s another, A little man, but of a tough soul, seeming As great as any; fairer promises In such a body yet I never looked on.

thbefore’s another, a little man, but of a tough soul, seeming as great as any; fairer promises in such a body yet i've never looked on.

thbefore’s another little man

PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

O, he that’s freckle-faced?

O, he that’s freckle-faced?

In other words: o, he that’s freckle-faced?

o he that’s freckle-faced

MESSENGER ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

The same, my lord;

Are they not sweet ones?

The same, my lord; Are they not sweet ones?

In other words: the same, my lord; are they not sweet ones?

same my lord they

PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

Yes, they are well.

Yes, they are well.

In other words: yes, they are well.

yes they well

MESSENGER ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Methinks,

Being so few and well disposed, they show

Great and fine art in nature. He’s white-haired,

Not wanton white, but such a manly colour

Next to an auburn; tough and nimble-set,

Which shows an active soul. His arms are brawny,

Lined with strong sinews. To the shoulder-piece

Gently they swell, like women new-conceived,

Which speaks him prone to labour, never fainting

Under the weight of arms; stout-hearted still,

But when he stirs, a tiger. He’s grey-eyed,

Which yields compassion where he conquers; sharp

To spy advantages, and where he finds ’em,

He’s swift to make ’em his. He does no wrongs,

Nor takes none. He’s round-faced, and when he smiles

He shows a lover; when he frowns, a soldier.

About his head he wears the winner’s oak,

And in it stuck the favour of his lady.

His age some six-and-thirty. In his hand

He bears a charging-staff embossed with silver.

Methinks, Being so few and well disposed, they show Great and fine art in nature. He’s white-haired, Not wanton white, but such a manly colour Next to an auburn; tough and nimble-set, Which shows an active soul. His arms are brawny, Lined with strong sinews. To the shoulder-piece Gently they swell, like women new-conceived, Which speaks him prone to labour, never fainting Under the weight of arms; stout-hearted still, But when he stirs, a tiger. He’s grey-eyed, Which yields compassion whbefore he conquers; sharp To spy advantages, and whbefore he finds ’em, He’s swift to make ’em his. He does no wrongs, Nor takes none. He’s round-faced, and when he smiles He shows a lover; when he frowns, a soldier. About his head he wears the winner’s oak, And in it stuck the favour of his lady. His age some six-and-thirty. In his hand He bears a charging-staff embossed with silver.

methinks, being so few and well disposed, they show great and fine art in nature. he’s white-haired, not wanton white, but such a manly colour next to an auburn; tough and nimble-set, which shows an active soul

methinks being so few

THESEUS [moment of intensity]

Are they all thus?

Are they all thus?

In other words: are they all thus?

they all thus

PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

They are all the sons of honour.

They are all the sons of honour.

In other words: they are all the sons of honour.

they all sons of

THESEUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Now, as I have a soul, I long to see’em.

Lady, you shall see men fight now.

Now, as I have a soul, I long to see’em. Lady, you shall see men fight now.

now, as i've have a soul, i long to see’em. lady, you shall see men fight now.

now as i soul

HIPPOLYTA ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

I wish it,

But not the cause, my lord. They would show

Bravely about the titles of two kingdoms.

’Tis pity love should be so tyrannous.—

O, my soft-hearted sister, what think you?

Weep not till they weep blood. Wench, it must be.

I wish it, But not the cause, my lord. They would show Bravely about the titles of two kingdoms. ’Tis pity love should be so tyrannous.— O, my soft-hearted sister, what think you? Weep not till they weep blood. Wench, it must be.

i've wish it, but not the cause, my lord. they would show bravely about the titles of two kingdoms

i wish it but

THESEUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

You have steeled ’em with your beauty.

Honoured friend,

To you I give the field; pray order it

Fitting the persons that must use it.

You have steeled ’em with your beauty. Honoured friend, To you I give the field; pray order it Fitting the persons that must use it.

you have steeled ’em with your beauty. honoured friend, to you i've give the field; pray order it fitting the persons that must use it.

you steeled ’em with

PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

Yes, sir.

Yes, sir.

In other words: yes, sir.

yes sir

THESEUS ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Come, I’ll go visit ’em. I cannot stay,

Their fame has fired me so; till they appear.

Good friend, be royal.

Come, I’ll go visit ’em. I cannot stay, Their fame has fired me so; till they appear. Good friend, be royal.

come, i’ll go visit ’em. i've cannot stay, their fame has fired me so; till they appear. good friend, be royal.

come i’ll go visit

PIRITHOUS [moment of intensity]

There shall want no bravery.

Thbefore shall want no bravery.

In other words: thbefore shall want no bravery.

thbefore shall want no

[_Exeunt all but Emilia._]
EMILIA ≋ verse [moment of intensity]

Poor wench, go weep, for whosoever wins,

Loses a noble cousin for thy sins.

Poor wench, go weep, for whosoever wins, Loses a noble cousin for your sins.

In other words: poor wench, go weep, for whosoever wins, loses a noble cousin for your sins.

poor wench go weep

Why it matters This rhyming couplet is Emilia talking to herself — 'poor wench' is self-address — and it's devastating. The scene has been full of men's excitement about the tournament; she closes it with the one truth no one else is saying: someone magnificent is going to die, and it's her fault.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

This scene is built on a central irony: everyone is assembling to fight over a woman who cannot make a decision, and the more beautiful and detailed the descriptions of the fighters become, the more unbearable her position looks. Emilia's portrait-gazing — flip-flopping between Arcite and Palamon with almost comic desperation — is not comic. It's a woman trapped in an impossible choice where any outcome means she's responsible for a death. The scene ends on her couplet of pure despair: whoever wins, she loses a noble cousin. The court goes off excited; she is left alone.

If this happened today…

Imagine a woman who has been told by the court system that two men she barely knows are about to fight a duel over her, and she has to be there, and the winner gets to marry her. She's looking at their LinkedIn profiles trying to choose which one to root for — switching from one to the other every few minutes. Meanwhile, a group of men are describing the six championship fighters in loving, excited detail like fantasy football analysts. She finally says: 'Must these men die too?' Nobody particularly hears her.

Continue to 4.3 →