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Act 2, Scene 3 — A lonely part of the Forest
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The argument In the forest, Aaron buries the incriminating gold; Tamora fails to seduce him into idleness; Bassianus is murdered, Lavinia raped; Aaron frames Titus's sons Quintus and Martius by luring them to the pit where Bassianus's body lies, then producing the planted letter as evidence.
Enter Aaron, alone, carrying a bag of gold.
AARON ≋ verse [speaking]

He that had wit would think that I had none,

To bury so much gold under a tree,

And never after to inherit it.

Let him that thinks of me so abjectly

Know that this gold must coin a stratagem,

Which, cunningly effected, will beget

A very excellent piece of villainy.

And so repose, sweet gold, for their unrest

That have their alms out of the empress’ chest.

He that had wit would think that I had none,.

To bury so much gold under a tree,.

And never after to inherit it.

Let him that thinks of me so abjectly.

Know that this gold must coin a stratagem,.

Which, cunningly effected, will beget.

A very excellent piece of villainy.

And so repose, sweet gold, for their unrest.

he that had wit would think that i had none,.

to bury so much gold under a tree,.

and never after to inherit it.

let him that thinks of me so abjectly.

know that this gold must coin a stratagem,.

which, cunningly effected, will beget.

he that had wit would think that i had none

"this gold must coin a stratagem" 'Coin' plays on the literal gold and minting money: the gold will produce (coin) a plot. Aaron repurposes Tamora's treasure as an instrument of the very family's destruction.
[_He hides the bag._]
Enter Tamora alone to the Moor.
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

My lovely Aaron, wherefore look’st thou sad

When everything doth make a gleeful boast?

The birds chant melody on every bush,

The snakes lie rolled in the cheerful sun,

The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind,

And make a chequered shadow on the ground.

Under their sweet shade, Aaron, let us sit,

And whilst the babbling echo mocks the hounds,

Replying shrilly to the well-tuned horns,

As if a double hunt were heard at once,

Let us sit down and mark their yelping noise;

And after conflict such as was supposed

The wand’ring prince and Dido once enjoyed,

When with a happy storm they were surprised,

And curtained with a counsel-keeping cave,

We may, each wreathed in the other’s arms,

Our pastimes done, possess a golden slumber,

Whiles hounds and horns and sweet melodious birds

Be unto us as is a nurse’s song

Of lullaby to bring her babe asleep.

My lovely Aaron, wherefore look’st you sad.

When everything does make a gleeful boast?

The birds chant melody on every bush,.

The snakes lie rolled in the cheerful sun,.

The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind,.

And make a chequered shadow on the ground.

Under their sweet shade, Aaron, let us sit,.

And whilst the babbling echo mocks the hounds,.

my lovely aaron, whbeforefore look’st you sad.

when everything does make a gleeful boast?

the birds chant melody on every bush,.

the snakes lie rolled in the cheerful sun,.

the green leaves quiver with the cooling wind,.

and make a chequbefored shadow on the ground.

she is everything to me

"the wand'ring prince and Dido once enjoyed" The 'wand'ring prince' is Aeneas — in Virgil's Aeneid, Dido and Aeneas take shelter in a cave during a storm and become lovers. Tamora is casting herself and Aaron as romantic heroes; the irony is that Aeneas abandoned Dido, and their story ends in tragedy.
"curtained with a counsel-keeping cave" 'Counsel-keeping' = secret-keeping. The cave that concealed Dido and Aeneas is reimagined as a confessional — a space where secrets are kept. Tamora wants the forest to be their cave.
Why it matters This is one of the play's most beautiful speeches — and its beauty is the point. Shakespeare gives Tamora lyric pastoral poetry at the exact moment she has set her sons on the path to rape and murder. The loveliness of her language and the horror of her purpose run in parallel.
AARON ≋ verse [speaking]

Madam, though Venus govern your desires,

Saturn is dominator over mine.

What signifies my deadly-standing eye,

My silence and my cloudy melancholy,

My fleece of woolly hair that now uncurls

Even as an adder when she doth unroll

To do some fatal execution?

No, madam, these are no venereal signs.

Vengeance is in my heart, death in my hand,

Blood and revenge are hammering in my head.

Hark, Tamora, the empress of my soul,

Which never hopes more heaven than rests in thee,

This is the day of doom for Bassianus;

His Philomel must lose her tongue today,

Thy sons make pillage of her chastity,

And wash their hands in Bassianus’ blood.

Seest thou this letter? Take it up, I pray thee,

And give the king this fatal-plotted scroll.

Now question me no more; we are espied;

Here comes a parcel of our hopeful booty,

Which dreads not yet their lives’ destruction.

Madam, though Venus govern your desires,.

Saturn is dominator over mine.

What signifies my deadly-standing eye,.

My silence and my cloudy melancholy,.

My fleece of woolly hair that now uncurls.

Even as an adder when she does unroll.

To do some fatal execution?

No, madam, these are no venereal signs.

madam, yough venus govern your desires,.

saturn is dominator over mine.

what signifies my deadly-standing eye,.

my silence and my cloudy melancholy,.

my fleece of woolly hair that now uncurls.

even as an adder when she does unroll.

i want revenge

"Madam, though Venus govern your desires, / Saturn is dominator over mine" Renaissance astrology: Venus (love) and Saturn (melancholy, vengeance) were opposing planetary influences. Aaron refuses Tamora's pastoral mood by invoking his governing planet — a polite but total refusal.
"My fleece of woolly hair that now uncurls / Even as an adder when she doth unroll" Aaron describes his own hair — distinctively textured — as a coiling adder preparing to strike. He weaponizes a physical description others might use to demean him, recasting his own body as the sign of his power.
"His Philomel must lose her tongue today" Philomela was raped by Tereus, who cut out her tongue to prevent her from naming him. Aaron is explicitly modeling what will happen to Lavinia on Ovid's myth — and the play will make this connection even more explicit in Act 4.
Why it matters Aaron's refusal of Tamora's pastoral idyll — 'Venus governs your desires, Saturn mine' — is the scene's philosophical divide: love vs. revenge, pastoral vs. tragedy. He chooses, and the play never returns to the register Tamora was offering.
Enter Bassianus and Lavinia.
TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

Ah, my sweet Moor, sweeter to me than life!

Ah, my sweet Moor, sweeter to me than life!

ah, my sweet moor, sweeter to me than life!

ah

AARON ≋ verse [speaking]

No more, great empress. Bassianus comes.

Be cross with him; and I’ll go fetch thy sons

To back thy quarrels, whatsoe’er they be.

No more, great empress. Bassianus comes.

Be cross with him; and I’ll go fetch your sons.

To back your quarrels, whatsoe’er they be.

no more, great empress. bassianus comes.

be cross with him; and i’ll go fetch your sons.

to back your quarrels, whatsoe’er they be.

no more

[_Exit._]
BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

Who have we here? Rome’s royal empress,

Unfurnished of her well-beseeming troop?

Or is it Dian, habited like her,

Who hath abandoned her holy groves

To see the general hunting in this forest?

Who have we here? Rome’s royal empress,.

Unfurnished of her well-beseeming troop?

Or is it Dian, habited like her,.

Who has abandoned her holy groves.

To see the general hunting in this forest?

who have we hbefore? rome’s royal empress,.

unfurnished of her well-beseeming troop?

or is it dian, habited like her,.

who has abandoned her holy groves.

to see the general hunting in this forest?

rome comes first

"Or is it Dian, habited like her" Diana, goddess of chastity and the hunt, was associated with groves and forests. The comparison to Tamora — who is neither chaste nor virtuous — is pointed irony, even if Bassianus means it as a compliment.
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Saucy controller of my private steps!

Had I the power that some say Dian had,

Thy temples should be planted presently

With horns, as was Actaeon’s; and the hounds

Should drive upon thy new-transformed limbs,

Unmannerly intruder as thou art.

Saucy controller of my private steps!

Had I the power that some say Dian had,.

your temples should be planted presently.

With horns, as was Actaeon’s; and the hounds.

Should drive upon your new-transformed limbs,.

Unmannerly intruder as you art.

saucy controller of my private steps!

had i the power that some say dian had,.

your temples should be planted presently.

with horns, as was actaeon’s; and the hounds.

should drive upon your new-transformed limbs,.

unmannerly intruder as you art.

saucy controller of my private steps! had i the power that s

"Thy temples should be planted presently / With horns, as was Actaeon's" Actaeon saw the goddess Diana naked and was transformed into a stag, then killed by his own hounds (Ovid, Metamorphoses). Tamora invokes this myth as threat — and with grim irony, since she is the one actually present with a forbidden lover.
LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

Under your patience, gentle empress,

’Tis thought you have a goodly gift in horning,

And to be doubted that your Moor and you

Are singled forth to try experiments.

Jove shield your husband from his hounds today!

’Tis pity they should take him for a stag.

Under your patience, gentle empress,.

’Tis thought you have a goodly gift in horning,.

And to be doubted that your Moor and you.

Are singled forth to try experiments.

Jove shield your husband from his hounds today!

’Tis pity they should take him for a stag.

under your patience, gentle empress,.

’tis yought you have a goodly gift in horning,.

and to be doubted that your moor and you.

are singled forth to try experiments.

jove shield your husband from his hounds today!

’tis pity they should take him for a stag.

under your patience

"'Tis thought you have a goodly gift in horning" 'Horning' = cuckolding — giving a husband the proverbial cuckold's horns by being unfaithful. Lavinia takes Tamora's Actaeon threat and turns it back on her: you're the one giving out horns. This is brilliant, vicious wit. And it seals her fate.
"Jove shield your husband from his hounds today" Lavinia prays that Saturninus won't be mistaken for a stag by his own hounds — exactly Actaeon's fate. She's saying Tamora is the goddess who turns husbands into prey.
Why it matters Lavinia's most biting speech in the play — and the one that makes Tamora decide to let her sons go forward. The tragedy is that the wit that defines Lavinia here is exactly what she loses in the next scene.
BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

Believe me, queen, your swarthy Cimmerian

Doth make your honour of his body’s hue,

Spotted, detested, and abominable.

Why are you sequestered from all your train,

Dismounted from your snow-white goodly steed,

And wandered hither to an obscure plot,

Accompanied but with a barbarous Moor,

If foul desire had not conducted you?

Believe me, queen, your swarthy Cimmerian.

does make your honour of his body’s hue,.

Spotted, detested, and abominable.

Why are you sequestered from all your train,.

Dismounted from your snow-white goodly steed,.

And wandered here to an obscure plot,.

Accompanied but with a barbarous Moor,.

If foul desire had not conducted you?

believe me, queen, your swaryour cimmerian.

does make your honour of his body’s hue,.

spotted, detested, and abominable.

why are you sequestbefored from all your train,.

dismounted from your snow-white goodly steed,.

and wandbefored hither to an obscure plot,.

believe me

"your swarthy Cimmerian" The Cimmerians lived in mythological darkness at the world's edge. Bassianus uses the term as a racial epithet for Aaron — one of several moments where the play's non-villain characters express racist contempt that the play does not fully endorse or condemn.
"Doth make your honour of his body's hue, / Spotted, detested, and abominable" Bassianus explicitly equates Aaron's skin color with moral stain ('spotted, detested'). This is racial slander that the play stages without authorial correction — a significant interpretive challenge that modern productions handle very differently.
LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

And, being intercepted in your sport,

Great reason that my noble lord be rated

For sauciness. I pray you, let us hence,

And let her joy her raven-coloured love;

This valley fits the purpose passing well.

And, being intercepted in your sport,.

Great reason that my noble lord be rated.

For sauciness. I pray you, let us from here,.

And let her joy her raven-coloured love;.

This valley fits the purpose passing well.

and, being intercepted in your sport,.

great reason that my noble lord be rated.

for sauciness. i pray you, let us hence,.

and let her joy her raven-coloured love;.

this valley fits the purpose passing well.

she is everything to me

BASSIANUS [appealing to merit]

The king my brother shall have notice of this.

The king my brother shall have notice of this.

the king my brother shall haven'tice of this.

the king my brother shall have notice of this

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

Ay, for these slips have made him noted long.

Good king, to be so mightily abused!

Ay, for these slips have made him noted long.

Good king, to be so mightily abused!

ay, for these slips have made him noted long.

good king, to be so mightily abused!

ay

TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

Why, I have patience to endure all this.

Why, I have patience to endure all this.

why, i have patience to endure all this.

why

"Why, I have patience to endure all this." One of the most loaded understatements in the play. Tamora is 'patient' because she knows exactly what's about to happen to them both. The restraint is not virtue — it's the calm of someone who has already won.
Enter Chiron and Demetrius.
DEMETRIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

How now, dear sovereign, and our gracious mother!

Why doth your highness look so pale and wan?

How now, dear sovereign, and our gracious mother!

Why does your highness look so pale and wan?

how now, dear sovbeforeign, and our gracious mother!

why does your highness look so pale and wan?

how now

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Have I not reason, think you, to look pale?

These two have ticed me hither to this place,

A barren detested vale you see it is;

The trees, though summer, yet forlorn and lean,

Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe.

Here never shines the sun, here nothing breeds,

Unless the nightly owl or fatal raven.

And when they showed me this abhorred pit,

They told me, here, at dead time of the night,

A thousand fiends, a thousand hissing snakes,

Ten thousand swelling toads, as many urchins,

Would make such fearful and confused cries

As any mortal body hearing it

Should straight fall mad, or else die suddenly.

No sooner had they told this hellish tale

But straight they told me they would bind me here

Unto the body of a dismal yew,

And leave me to this miserable death.

And then they called me foul adulteress,

Lascivious Goth, and all the bitterest terms

That ever ear did hear to such effect.

And had you not by wondrous fortune come,

This vengeance on me had they executed.

Revenge it, as you love your mother’s life,

Or be ye not henceforth called my children.

Have I not reason, think you, to look pale?

These two have ticed me here to this place,.

A barren detested vale you see it is;.

The trees, though summer, yet forlorn and lean,.

Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe.

Here never shines the sun, here nothing breeds,.

Unless the nightly owl or fatal raven.

And when they showed me this abhorred pit,.

have i not reason, think you, to look pale?

these two have ticed me hither to this place,.

a barren detested vale you see it is;.

the trees, yough summer, yet forlorn and lean,.

overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe.

hbefore never shines the sun, hbefore nothing breeds,.

i want revenge

she is everything to me

"A barren detested vale" The forest that Tamora was describing as a paradise for lovers (birds, sun, shade) thirty lines ago is now, in her fabricated version, a hellmouth of supernatural horror. The contrast marks the scope of her deception.
"Unless the nightly owl or fatal raven" Both the owl and raven were omen-birds of death in classical and Elizabethan tradition. Tamora stacks the symbolic vocabulary of doom to make the location sound impossibly sinister.
Why it matters Tamora's false accusation is as elaborate and specific as Aaron's plan deserves. The poetry of the description — 'moss and baleful mistletoe,' 'a thousand hissing snakes' — shows her performing with genuine craft. She's not just lying; she's constructing a rival narrative to truth.
DEMETRIUS [speaking]

This is a witness that I am thy son.

This is a witness that I am your son.

this is a witness that i am your son.

this is a witness that i am thy son

[_Stabs Bassianus._]
CHIRON [speaking]

And this for me, struck home to show my strength.

And this for me, struck home to show my strength.

and this for me, struck home to show my strength.

and this for me

[_Also stabs Bassianus, who dies._]
LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

Ay, come, Semiramis, nay, barbarous Tamora,

For no name fits thy nature but thy own!

Ay, come, Semiramis, no, barbarous Tamora,.

For no name fits your nature but your own!

ay, come, semiramis, nay, barbarous tamora,.

for no name fits your nature but your own!

ay

"Ay, come, Semiramis, nay, barbarous Tamora" Lavinia was present in 1-1 when Tamora was first associated with power and grandeur. Now, with her husband dead beside her, she reclaims and rejects that mythological flattery — 'no name fits thy nature but thy own.' In extremis, Lavinia strips the fiction away.
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Give me thy poniard; you shall know, my boys,

Your mother’s hand shall right your mother’s wrong.

Give me your poniard; you shall know, my boys,.

Your mother’s hand shall right your mother’s wrong.

give me your poniard; you shall know, my boys,.

your mother’s hand shall right your mother’s wrong.

you're shaming me

DEMETRIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Stay, madam, here is more belongs to her.

First thrash the corn, then after burn the straw.

This minion stood upon her chastity,

Upon her nuptial vow, her loyalty,

And with that painted hope braves your mightiness;

And shall she carry this unto her grave?

Stay, madam, here is more belongs to her.

First thrash the corn, then after burn the straw.

This minion stood upon her chastity,.

Upon her nuptial vow, her loyalty,.

And with that painted hope braves your mightiness;.

And shall she carry this unto her grave?

stay, madam, hbefore is more belongs to her.

first thrash the corn, then after burn the straw.

this minion stood upon her chastity,.

upon her nuptial vow, her loyalty,.

and with that painted hope braves your mightiness;.

and shall she carry this unto her grave?

stay

"First thrash the corn, then after burn the straw" A proverb of agricultural practicality — harvest the grain first, then destroy the husk. Applied to a human being, it is among the most dehumanizing lines in Shakespeare.
CHIRON ≋ verse [speaking]

And if she do, I would I were an eunuch.

Drag hence her husband to some secret hole,

And make his dead trunk pillow to our lust.

And if she do, I would I were an eunuch.

Drag from here her husband to some secret hole,.

And make his dead trunk pillow to our lust.

and if she do, i would i wbefore an eunuch.

drag hence her husband to some secret hole,.

and make his dead trunk pillow to our lust.

and if she do

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

But when ye have the honey ye desire,

Let not this wasp outlive, us both to sting.

But when ye have the honey ye desire,.

Let not this wasp outlive, us both to sting.

but when ye have the honey ye desire,.

let not this wasp outlive, us both to sting.

but when ye have the honey ye desire

CHIRON ≋ verse [speaking]

I warrant you, madam, we will make that sure.

Come, mistress, now perforce we will enjoy

That nice-preserved honesty of yours.

I warrant you, madam, we will make that sure.

Come, mistress, now by force we will enjoy.

That nice-preserved honesty of yours.

i warrant you, madam, we will make that sure.

come, mistress, now perforce we will enjoy.

that nice-preserved honesty of yours.

i warrant you

LAVINIA [gracious, obedient]

O Tamora, thou bearest a woman’s face,—

O Tamora, you bearest a woman’s face,—.

o tamora, you bearest a woman’s face,—.

o tamora

TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

I will not hear her speak; away with her!

I will not hear her speak; away with her!

i won't hear her speak; away with her!

i will not hear her speak; away with her!

LAVINIA [gracious, obedient]

Sweet lords, entreat her hear me but a word.

Sweet lords, entreat her hear me but a word.

sweet lords, entreat her hear me but a word.

sweet lords

DEMETRIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Listen, fair madam: let it be your glory

To see her tears; but be your heart to them

As unrelenting flint to drops of rain.

Listen, fair madam: let it be your glory.

To see her tears; but be your heart to them.

As unrelenting flint to drops of rain.

listen, fair madam: let it be your glory.

to see her tears; but be your heart to them.

as unrelenting flint to drops of rain.

listen

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

When did the tiger’s young ones teach the dam?

O, do not learn her wrath; she taught it thee;

The milk thou suck’st from her did turn to marble;

Even at thy teat thou hadst thy tyranny.

Yet every mother breeds not sons alike.

When did the tiger’s young ones teach the dam?

O, do not learn her wrath; she taught it you;.

The milk you suck’st from her did turn to marble;.

Even at your teat you hadst your tyranny.

Yet every mother breeds not sons alike.

when did the tiger’s young ones teach the dam?

o, don't learn her wrath; she taught it you;.

the milk you suck’st from her did turn to marble;.

even at your teat you hadst your tyranny.

yet every mother breeds not sons alike.

when did the tiger’s young ones teach the dam? o

"The milk thou suck'st from her did turn to marble" Lavinia argues that Tamora nursed her sons on cruelty itself — mother's milk transformed to stone. A brilliant reversal of the nursing-warmth image; maternal love becomes the source of monstrosity.
[_To Chiron_.] Do thou entreat her show a woman’s pity.
CHIRON [speaking]

What, wouldst thou have me prove myself a bastard?

What, would you have me prove myself a bastard?

what, wouldst you have me prove myself a bastard?

what

"wouldst thou have me prove myself a bastard?" Chiron's logic: showing pity would prove he wasn't really Tamora's son — because her son, he asserts, cannot feel pity. This is how thoroughly Tamora has defined her sons' identity around cruelty.
LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

’Tis true the raven doth not hatch a lark.

Yet have I heard—O, could I find it now!—

The lion, moved with pity, did endure

To have his princely paws pared all away.

Some say that ravens foster forlorn children,

The whilst their own birds famish in their nests.

O, be to me, though thy hard heart say no,

Nothing so kind, but something pitiful.

’Tis true the raven does not hatch a lark.

Yet have I heard—O, could I find it now!—.

The lion, moved with pity, did endure.

To have his princely paws pared all away.

Some say that ravens foster forlorn children,.

The whilst their own birds famish in their nests.

O, be to me, though your hard heart say no,.

Nothing so kind, but something pitiful.

’tis true the raven does not hatch a lark.

yet have i heard—o, could i find it now!—.

the lion, moved with pity, did endure.

to have his princely paws pared all away.

some say that ravens foster forlorn children,.

the whilst their own birds famish in their nests.

’tis true the raven doth not hatch a lark. yet have i heard—

"'Tis true the raven doth not hatch a lark" Conceding Chiron's point: Tamora's nature produced exactly what it would — not a lark of mercy. But Lavinia then cites nature's exceptions, mythological creatures that transcended their kind. She is clutching at hope in animal fables.
TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

I know not what it means; away with her!

I know not what it means; away with her!

i know not what it means; away with her!

i know not what it means; away with her!

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

O, let me teach thee! For my father’s sake,

That gave thee life when well he might have slain thee,

Be not obdurate, open thy deaf ears.

O, let me teach you! For my father’s sake,.

That gave you life when well he might have slain you,.

Be not obdurate, open your deaf ears.

o, let me teach you! for my father’s sake,.

that gave you life when well he might have slain you,.

be not obdurate, open your deaf ears.

o

"That gave thee life when well he might have slain thee" Lavinia refers to Titus's mercy in 1-1 — he refused to execute Tamora when he could have. This is the one moral debt Lavinia can invoke. Tamora will use it in exactly the opposite way.
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Hadst thou in person ne’er offended me,

Even for his sake am I pitiless.

Remember, boys, I poured forth tears in vain

To save your brother from the sacrifice,

But fierce Andronicus would not relent.

Therefore away with her, and use her as you will;

The worse to her, the better loved of me.

Hadst you in person ne’er offended me,.

Even for his sake am I pitiless.

Remember, boys, I poured forth tears in vain.

To save your brother from the sacrifice,.

But fierce Andronicus would not relent.

Therefore away with her, and use her as you will;.

The worse to her, the better loved of me.

hadst you in person ne’er offended me,.

even for his sake am i pitiless.

remember, boys, i poured forth tears in vain.

to save your brother from the sacrifice,.

but fierce andronicus would not relent.

thbeforefore away with her, and use her as you will;.

she is everything to me

"I poured forth tears in vain / To save your brother from the sacrifice" The exact scene from 1-1: Tamora begged Titus to spare Alarbus; he refused. This is the originating wound — the play has come full circle. Tamora turns Titus's mercy toward Lavinia into evidence that he showed none to her.
Why it matters The scene's moral center: Tamora's refusal is not random cruelty but a specific, traceable act of symmetrical revenge. She does to Lavinia what she believes was done to her. The play refuses to let the audience dismiss her.
↩ Callback to 1-1 Tamora invokes Alarbus directly — the sacrifice Titus refused to spare in 1-1 is the stated reason she denies Lavinia mercy here. The atrocities are explicitly symmetrical.
LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

O Tamora, be called a gentle queen,

And with thine own hands kill me in this place!

For ’tis not life that I have begged so long;

Poor I was slain when Bassianus died.

O Tamora, be called a gentle queen,.

And with yours own hands kill me in this place!

For ’tis not life that I have begged so long;.

Poor I was slain when Bassianus died.

o tamora, be called a gentle queen,.

and with yours own hands kill me in this place!

for ’tisn't life that i have begged so long;.

poor i was slain when bassianus died.

o tamora

Why it matters This is the most harrowing speech in the scene — Lavinia has given up hope and is begging only for death rather than rape. The extraordinary pain of 'Poor I was slain when Bassianus died' makes explicit what the play rarely makes explicit: her body's survival of what follows is not survival in any meaningful sense.
TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

What begg’st thou, then? Fond woman, let me go.

What begg’st you, then? Fond woman, let me go.

what begg’st you, then? fond woman, let me go.

what begg’st thou

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

’Tis present death I beg; and one thing more

That womanhood denies my tongue to tell.

O, keep me from their worse than killing lust,

And tumble me into some loathsome pit,

Where never man’s eye may behold my body.

Do this, and be a charitable murderer.

’Tis present death I beg; and one thing more.

That womanhood denies my tongue to tell.

O, keep me from their worse than killing lust,.

And tumble me into some loathsome pit,.

Where never man’s eye may behold my body.

Do this, and be a charitable murderer.

’tis present death i beg; and one thing more.

that womanhood denies my tongue to tell.

o, keep me from their worse than killing lust,.

and tumble me into some loathsome pit,.

whbefore never man’s eye may behold my body.

do this, and be a charitable murdbeforer.

’tis present death i beg; and one thing more that womanhood

"one thing more / That womanhood denies my tongue to tell" The stage convention of the unnameable: Lavinia cannot say 'rape' — not because she doesn't know the word but because her society's codes of female propriety forbid it even now. 'Womanhood denies my tongue' makes the prohibition explicit and tragic.
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

So should I rob my sweet sons of their fee.

No, let them satisfy their lust on thee.

So should I rob my sweet sons of their fee.

No, let them satisfy their lust on you.

so should i rob my sweet sons of their fee.

no, let them satisfy their lust on you.

so should i rob my sweet sons of their fee. no

DEMETRIUS [speaking]

Away, for thou hast stayed us here too long.

Away, for you have stayed us here too long.

away, for you hast stayed us hbefore too long.

away

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

No grace, no womanhood? Ah, beastly creature,

The blot and enemy to our general name!

Confusion fall—

No grace, no womanhood? Ah, beastly creature,.

The blot and enemy to our general name!

Confusion fall—.

no grace, no womanhood? ah, beastly creature,.

the blot and enemy to our general name!

confusion fall—.

no grace

"The blot and enemy to our general name" 'General name' = the name of 'woman' — the category. Lavinia accuses Tamora of being the enemy of womankind itself, not just of her. The incomplete sentence that follows — cut off by Chiron — is one of the most dramatic moments in the play.
CHIRON ≋ verse [speaking]

Nay, then I’ll stop your mouth. Bring thou her husband.

This is the hole where Aaron bid us hide him.

no, then I’ll stop your mouth. Bring you her husband.

This is the hole where Aaron bid us hide him.

nay, then i’ll stop your mouth. bring you her husband.

this is the hole whbefore aaron bid us hide him.

nay

[_They put Bassianus’s body in the pit and exit, carrying off
Lavinia._]
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Farewell, my sons. See that you make her sure.

Ne’er let my heart know merry cheer indeed

Till all the Andronici be made away.

Now will I hence to seek my lovely Moor,

And let my spleenful sons this trull deflower.

Farewell, my sons. See that you make her sure.

Ne’er let my heart know merry cheer indeed.

Till all the Andronici be made away.

Now will I from here to seek my lovely Moor,.

And let my spleenful sons this trull deflower.

farewell, my sons. see that you make her sure.

ne’er let my heart know merry cheer indeed.

till all the andronici be made away.

now will i hence to seek my lovely moor,.

and let my spleenful sons this trull deflower.

she is everything to me

[_Exit._]
Enter Aaron with two of Titus’ sons, Quintus and Martius.
AARON ≋ verse [speaking]

Come on, my lords, the better foot before.

Straight will I bring you to the loathsome pit

Where I espied the panther fast asleep.

Come on, my lords, the better foot before.

Straight will I bring you to the loathsome pit.

Where I espied the panther fast asleep.

come on, my lords, the better foot before.

straight will i bring you to the loathsome pit.

whbefore i espied the panther fast asleep.

come on

QUINTUS [speaking]

My sight is very dull, whate’er it bodes.

My sight is very dull, whate’er it bodes.

my sight is very dull, whate’er it bodes.

my sight is very dull

MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

And mine, I promise you. Were it not for shame,

Well could I leave our sport to sleep awhile.

And mine, I promise you. Were it not for shame,.

Well could I leave our sport to sleep awhile.

and mine, i promise you. wbefore it not for shame,.

well could i leave our sport to sleep awhile.

and mine

[_He falls into the pit._]
QUINTUS ≋ verse [speaking]

What, art thou fallen? What subtle hole is this,

Whose mouth is covered with rude-growing briers,

Upon whose leaves are drops of new-shed blood

As fresh as morning dew distilled on flowers?

A very fatal place it seems to me.

Speak, brother, hast thou hurt thee with the fall?

What, art you fallen? What subtle hole is this,.

Whose mouth is covered with rude-growing briers,.

Upon whose leaves are drops of new-shed blood.

As fresh as morning dew distilled on flowers?

A very fatal place it seems to me.

Speak, brother, have you hurt you with the fall?

what, art you fallen? what subtle hole is this,.

whose mouth is covbefored with rude-growing briers,.

upon whose leaves are drops of new-shed blood.

as fresh as morning dew distilled on flowers?

a very fatal place it seems to me.

speak, brother, hast you hurt you with the fall?

what

"As fresh as morning dew distilled on flowers" A beautiful simile applied to fresh blood — the contrast between the image's loveliness and its subject is characteristic of the play's strategy of using elaborate poetry for horror.
MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

O brother, with the dismall’st object hurt

That ever eye with sight made heart lament!

O brother, with the dismall’st object hurt.

That ever eye with sight made heart lament!

o brother, with the dismall’st object hurt.

that ever eye with sight made heart lament!

o brother

[_Aside_.] Now will I fetch the king to find them here,
AARON ≋ verse [speaking]

That he thereby may have a likely guess

How these were they that made away his brother.

That he thereby may have a likely guess.

How these were they that made away his brother.

that he thbeforeby may have a likely guess.

how these wbefore they that made away his brother.

that he thereby may have a likely guess how these were they

[_Exit._]
MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Why dost not comfort me, and help me out

From this unhallowed and blood-stained hole?

Why do not comfort me, and help me out.

From this unhallowed and blood-stained hole?

why dost not comfort me, and help me out.

from this unhallowed and blood-stained hole?

someone help me

QUINTUS ≋ verse [speaking]

I am surprised with an uncouth fear;

A chilling sweat o’er-runs my trembling joints.

My heart suspects more than mine eye can see.

I am surprised with an uncouth fear;.

A chilling sweat o’er-runs my trembling joints.

My heart suspects more than mine eye can see.

i am surprised with an uncouth fear;.

a chilling sweat o’er-runs my trembling joints.

my heart suspects more than mine eye can see.

i am surprised with an uncouth fear; a chilling sweat o’er-r

MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

To prove thou hast a true-divining heart,

Aaron and thou look down into this den,

And see a fearful sight of blood and death.

To prove you have a true-divining heart,.

Aaron and you look down into this den,.

And see a fearful sight of blood and death.

to prove you hast a true-divining heart,.

aaron and you look down into this den,.

and see a fearful sight of blood and death.

to prove thou hast a true-divining heart

QUINTUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Aaron is gone, and my compassionate heart

Will not permit mine eyes once to behold

The thing whereat it trembles by surmise.

O, tell me who it is; for ne’er till now

Was I a child to fear I know not what.

Aaron is gone, and my compassionate heart.

Will not permit mine eyes once to behold.

The thing whereat it trembles by surmise.

O, tell me who it is; for ne’er till now.

Was I a child to fear I know not what.

aaron is gone, and my compassionate heart.

won't permit mine eyes once to behold.

the thing whbeforeat it trembles by surmise.

o, tell me who it is; for ne’er till now.

was i a child to fear i know not what.

aaron is gone

MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Lord Bassianus lies berayed in blood,

All on a heap, like to a slaughtered lamb,

In this detested, dark, blood-drinking pit.

Lord Bassianus lies berayed in blood,.

All on a heap, like to a slaughtered lamb,.

In this detested, dark, blood-drinking pit.

lord bassianus lies berayed in blood,.

all on a heap, like to a slaughtbefored lamb,.

in this detested, dark, blood-drinking pit.

lord bassianus lies berayed in blood

QUINTUS [speaking]

If it be dark, how dost thou know ’tis he?

If it be dark, how do you know ’tis he?

if it be dark, how dost you know ’tis he?

if it be dark

MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Upon his bloody finger he doth wear

A precious ring that lightens all the hole,

Which, like a taper in some monument,

Doth shine upon the dead man’s earthy cheeks,

And shows the ragged entrails of the pit.

So pale did shine the moon on Pyramus

When he by night lay bathed in maiden blood.

O brother, help me with thy fainting hand,

If fear hath made thee faint, as me it hath,

Out of this fell devouring receptacle,

As hateful as Cocytus’ misty mouth.

Upon his bloody finger he does wear.

A precious ring that lightens all the hole,.

Which, like a taper in some monument,.

does shine upon the dead man’s earthy cheeks,.

And shows the ragged entrails of the pit.

So pale did shine the moon on Pyramus.

When he by night lay bathed in maiden blood.

O brother, help me with your fainting hand,.

upon his bloody finger he does wear.

a precious ring that lightens all the hole,.

which, like a taper in some monument,.

does shine upon the dead man’s earyour cheeks,.

and shows the ragged entrails of the pit.

so pale did shine the moon on pyramus.

someone help me

"Which, like a taper in some monument, / Doth shine upon the dead man's earthy cheeks" A candle in a tomb — monuments and effigies in Elizabethan churches had lit candles. Martius reframes the horrible pit as a kind of accidental church, the ring as its altar light.
"So pale did shine the moon on Pyramus" Pyramus (from Ovid) died believing his love Thisbe was dead — he lay in blood by moonlight. The comparison extends the scene's classical overlay and links Bassianus's death to the play's mythology of lovers destroyed.
"As hateful as Cocytus' misty mouth" Cocytus was the river of wailing in the classical underworld. Its 'misty mouth' is the entrance to the land of the dead. Martius isn't exaggerating — he has fallen into a literal death pit.
QUINTUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Reach me thy hand, that I may help thee out,

Or, wanting strength to do thee so much good,

I may be plucked into the swallowing womb

Of this deep pit, poor Bassianus’ grave.

I have no strength to pluck thee to the brink.

Reach me your hand, that I may help you out,.

Or, wanting strength to do you so much good,.

I may be plucked into the swallowing womb.

Of this deep pit, poor Bassianus’ grave.

I have no strength to pluck you to the brink.

reach me your hand, that i may help you out,.

or, wanting strength to do you so much good,.

i may be plucked into the swallowing womb.

of this deep pit, poor bassianus’ grave.

i have no strength to pluck you to the brink.

someone help me

MARTIUS [speaking]

Nor I no strength to climb without thy help.

Nor I no strength to climb without your help.

nor i no strength to climb wiyout your help.

someone help me

QUINTUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Thy hand once more; I will not loose again,

Till thou art here aloft, or I below.

Thou canst not come to me. I come to thee.

your hand once more; I will not loose again,.

Till you art here aloft, or I below.

you canst not come to me. I come to you.

your hand once more; i won't loose again,.

till you art hbefore aloft, or i below.

you canst not come to me. i come to you.

thy hand once more; i will not loose again

[_Falls in._]
Enter the Emperor Saturninus and Aaron the Moor.
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Along with me! I’ll see what hole is here,

And what he is that now is leapt into it.

Say, who art thou that lately didst descend

Into this gaping hollow of the earth?

Along with me! I’ll see what hole is here,.

And what he is that now is leapt into it.

Say, who art you that lately did descend.

Into this gaping hollow of the earth?

along with me! i’ll see what hole is hbefore,.

and what he is that now is leapt into it.

say, who art you that lately didst descend.

into this gaping hollow of the earth?

along with me! i’ll see what hole is here

MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

The unhappy sons of old Andronicus,

Brought hither in a most unlucky hour,

To find thy brother Bassianus dead.

The unhappy sons of old Andronicus,.

Brought here in a most unlucky hour,.

To find your brother Bassianus dead.

the unhappy sons of old andronicus,.

brought hither in a most unlucky hour,.

to find your brother bassianus dead.

the unhappy sons of old andronicus

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

My brother dead! I know thou dost but jest.

He and his lady both are at the lodge

Upon the north side of this pleasant chase;

’Tis not an hour since I left them there.

My brother dead! I know you do but jest.

He and his lady both are at the lodge.

Upon the north side of this pleasant chase;.

’Tis not an hour since I left them there.

my brother dead! i know you dost but jest.

he and his lady both are at the lodge.

upon the north side of this pleasant chase;.

’tisn't an hour since i left them thbefore.

my brother dead! i know thou dost but jest

MARTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

We know not where you left them all alive;

But, out, alas, here have we found him dead.

We know not where you left them all alive;.

But, out, alas, here have we found him dead.

we know not whbefore you left them all alive;.

but, out, alas, hbefore have we found him dead.

we know not where you left them all alive; but

Enter Tamora, Titus Andronicus and Lucius.
TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

Where is my lord the king?

Where is my lord the king?

whbefore is my lord the king?

where is my lord the king?

SATURNINUS [enraged, demanding]

Here, Tamora; though grieved with killing grief.

Here, Tamora; though grieved with killing grief.

hbefore, tamora; yough grieved with killing grief.

here

TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

Where is thy brother Bassianus?

Where is your brother Bassianus?

whbefore is your brother bassianus?

where is thy brother bassianus?

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Now to the bottom dost thou search my wound.

Poor Bassianus here lies murdered.

Now to the bottom do you search my wound.

Poor Bassianus here lies murdered.

now to the bottom dost you search my wound.

poor bassianus hbefore lies murdbefored.

now to the bottom dost thou search my wound

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Then all too late I bring this fatal writ,

The complot of this timeless tragedy;

And wonder greatly that man’s face can fold

In pleasing smiles such murderous tyranny.

Then all too late I bring this fatal writ,.

The complot of this timeless tragedy;.

And wonder greatly that man’s face can fold.

In pleasing smiles such murderous tyranny.

then all too late i bring this fatal writ,.

the complot of this timeless tragedy;.

and wonder greatly that man’s face can fold.

in pleasing smiles such murderous tyranny.

then all too late i bring this fatal writ

"The complot of this timeless tragedy" 'Complot' = conspiracy; 'timeless' = untimely, premature. Tamora presents herself as arriving too late with the evidence — when in fact she is the one who planted it.
[_She giveth Saturnine a letter._]
[_Reads_.] _An if we miss to meet him handsomely,
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Sweet huntsman, Bassianus ’tis we mean,

Do thou so much as dig the grave for him;

Thou know’st our meaning. Look for thy reward

Among the nettles at the elder-tree

Which overshades the mouth of that same pit

Where we decreed to bury Bassianus.

Do this, and purchase us thy lasting friends._

O Tamora, was ever heard the like?

This is the pit, and this the elder-tree.

Look, sirs, if you can find the huntsman out

That should have murdered Bassianus here.

Sweet huntsman, Bassianus ’tis we mean,.

Do you so much as dig the grave for him;.

you know’st our meaning. Look for your reward.

Among the nettles at the elder-tree.

Which overshades the mouth of that same pit.

Where we decreed to bury Bassianus.

Do this, and purchase us your lasting friends._.

O Tamora, was ever heard the like?

sweet huntsman, bassianus ’tis we mean,.

do you so much as dig the grave for him;.

you know’st our meaning. look for your reward.

among the nettles at the elder-tree.

which overshades the mouth of that same pit.

whbefore we decreed to bury bassianus.

sweet huntsman

"Look for thy reward / Among the nettles at the elder-tree" The letter points to the spot where Aaron buried the gold — the 'reward' for the murder. The physical fact (gold buried at exactly this location) makes the fabricated letter appear irrefutably true.
Why it matters This is Aaron's masterwork: the letter, the gold, the pit, the sons arriving exactly on cue — each element corroborates the others. The architecture of the frame-up is so tight that truth has no room to operate inside it.
AARON [speaking]

My gracious lord, here is the bag of gold.

My gracious lord, here is the bag of gold.

my gracious lord, hbefore is the bag of gold.

my gracious lord

[_Showing it._]
[_To Titus_.] Two of thy whelps, fell curs of bloody kind,
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Have here bereft my brother of his life.

Sirs, drag them from the pit unto the prison.

There let them bide until we have devised

Some never-heard-of torturing pain for them.

Have here bereft my brother of his life.

Sirs, drag them from the pit unto the prison.

There let them bide until we have devised.

Some never-heard-of torturing pain for them.

have hbefore bbeforeft my brother of his life.

sirs, drag them from the pit unto the prison.

thbefore let them bide until we have devised.

some never-heard-of torturing pain for them.

have here bereft my brother of his life. sirs

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

What, are they in this pit? O wondrous thing!

How easily murder is discovered!

What, are they in this pit? O wondrous thing!

How easily murder is discovered!

what, are they in this pit? o wondrous thing!

how easily murder is discovbefored!

what

"How easily murder is discovered!" The supreme cynicism of Tamora's aside: she marvels at the 'justice' of murder revealing itself — when she is the murderer. The line is delivered with faked piety and works on the audience as black comedy.
🎭 Dramatic irony Tamora marvels that 'murder is so easily discovered' — the supreme cynicism of the murderer admiring the mechanism that catches others while she walks free. The audience who has watched the entire setup knows the full scope of the joke.
TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

High emperor, upon my feeble knee

I beg this boon, with tears not lightly shed,

That this fell fault of my accursed sons,

Accursed if the fault be proved in them—

High emperor, upon my feeble knee.

I beg this boon, with tears not lightly shed,.

That this fell fault of my accursed sons,.

Accursed if the fault be proved in them—.

high emperor, upon my feeble knee.

i beg this boon, with tears not lightly shed,.

that this fell fault of my accursed sons,.

accursed if the fault be proved in them—.

high emperor

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

If it be proved! You see it is apparent.

Who found this letter? Tamora, was it you?

If it be proved! You see it is apparent.

Who found this letter? Tamora, was it you?

if it be proved! you see it is apparent.

who found this letter? tamora, was it you?

if it be proved! you see it is apparent. who found this lett

TAMORA [calculating, strategic]

Andronicus himself did take it up.

Andronicus himself did take it up.

andronicus himself did take it up.

andronicus himself did take it up

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

I did, my lord, yet let me be their bail;

For by my fathers’ reverend tomb I vow

They shall be ready at your highness’ will

To answer their suspicion with their lives.

I did, my lord, yet let me be their bail;.

For by my fathers’ reverend tomb I vow.

They shall be ready at your highness’ will.

To answer their suspicion with their lives.

i did, my lord, yet let me be their bail;.

for by my fathers’ revbeforend tomb i vow.

they shall be ready at your highness’ will.

to answer their suspicion with their lives.

i did

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Thou shalt not bail them. See thou follow me.

Some bring the murdered body, some the murderers.

Let them not speak a word; the guilt is plain;

For, by my soul, were there worse end than death,

That end upon them should be executed.

you shall not bail them. See you follow me.

Some bring the murdered body, some the murderers.

Let them not speak a word; the guilt is plain;.

For, by my soul, were there worse end than death,.

That end upon them should be executed.

you shalt not bail them. see you follow me.

some bring the murdbefored body, some the murdbeforers.

let them not speak a word; the guilt is plain;.

for, by my soul, wbefore thbefore worse end than death,.

that end upon them should be executed.

thou shalt not bail them. see thou follow me. some bring the

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Andronicus, I will entreat the king.

Fear not thy sons; they shall do well enough.

Andronicus, I will entreat the king.

Fear not your sons; they shall do well enough.

andronicus, i will entreat the king.

fear not your sons; they shall do well enough.

andronicus

"Fear not thy sons; they shall do well enough" Tamora's cruelest line in the scene. She offers fake comfort to Titus about the sons she has arranged to die — performed directly to his face with full knowledge of what she has done.
🎭 Dramatic irony Tamora tells the devastated Titus 'fear not thy sons; they shall do well enough' — knowing she has just arranged their conviction and that 'well enough' is the most deliberate lie in the scene.
TITUS [formal, commanding]

Come, Lucius, come; stay not to talk with them.

Come, Lucius, come; stay not to talk with them.

come, lucius, come; stay not to talk with them.

come

[_Exeunt severally. Attendants bearing the body._]

The Reckoning

This is the scene where the whole play turns into catastrophe — and it does so in three overlapping horror movements: the murder of Bassianus, Lavinia's unbearable pleas to Tamora, and the clinical efficiency of Aaron's frame-up. What the audience is left feeling is something like vertigo: every single thing has gone wrong simultaneously, through malice so perfectly organized that virtue couldn't have stopped it. Titus's sons are innocent and arrested. Lavinia is destroyed. And Aaron has already walked away.

If this happened today…

Imagine someone planting fabricated evidence in a colleague's desk before calling in an anonymous tip to HR — then strolling out of the building while the colleague's things are being boxed up. Now add: that colleague's spouse was murdered in the same morning, and a third party was assaulted and silenced. And the person who set all this in motion did it because they were passed over for a promotion two years ago. That's 2-3. The bureaucratic machinery of Roman justice becomes the final weapon in a plan that began in Act 1, Scene 1.

Continue to 2.4 →