← prev
Act 1, Scene 1 — Rome. Before the Capitol
on stage:
Next: 2.1 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument Titus returns from war, buries his dead sons, sacrifices Tamora's eldest, gives the empire to Saturninus, then kills his own son Mutius when his family resists — ending with Tamora secretly vowing revenge.
Enter the Tribunes and Senators aloft. And then enter Saturninus and
his followers at one door, and Bassianus and his followers at the
other, with drums and trumpets.
First appearance
SATURNINUS

Saturninus speaks in outrage and entitlement — every speech is about what he is owed. He escalates instantly and forgives only when politically forced. Watch for how his gratitude always has a shelf life measured in minutes.

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [demanding, entitled, expecting force to settle the matter]

Noble patricians, patrons of my right,

Defend the justice of my cause with arms;

And, countrymen, my loving followers,

Plead my successive title with your swords.

I am his firstborn son that was the last

That wore the imperial diadem of Rome;

Then let my father’s honours live in me,

Nor wrong mine age with this indignity.

Noble patricians, patrons of my right,.

Defend the justice of my cause with arms;.

And, countrymen, my loving followers,.

Plead my successive title with your swords.

I am his firstborn son that was the last.

That wore the imperial diadem of Rome;.

Then let my father’s honours live in me,.

Nor wrong mine age with this indignity.

noble patricians, patrons of my right,.

defend the justice of my cause with arms;.

and, countrymen, my loving followers,.

plead my successive title with your swords.

i am his firstborn son that was the last.

that wore the imperial diadem of rome;.

you're shaming me

rome comes first

"Plead my successive title with your swords" Saturninus opens by asking armed supporters to argue his case through force — not law. His first instinct is always coercion.
First appearance
BASSIANUS

Bassianus speaks the language of rights and merit rather than rank — he is the play's brief voice of liberal Rome, arguing that virtue should win elections. He will be dead before Act Three.

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to principle, confident in the justice of merit over blood]

Romans, friends, followers, favourers of my right,

If ever Bassianus, Caesar’s son,

Were gracious in the eyes of royal Rome,

Keep then this passage to the Capitol,

And suffer not dishonour to approach

The imperial seat, to virtue consecrate,

To justice, continence, and nobility;

But let desert in pure election shine,

And, Romans, fight for freedom in your choice.

Romans, friends, followers, favourers of my right,.

If ever Bassianus, Caesar’s son,.

Were gracious in the eyes of royal Rome,.

Keep then this passage to the Capitol,.

And suffer not dishonour to approach.

The imperial seat, to virtue consecrate,.

To justice, continence, and nobility;.

But let desert in pure election shine,.

romans, friends, followers, favourers of my right,.

if ever bassianus, caesar’s son,.

wbefore gracious in the eyes of royal rome,.

keep then this passage to the capitol,.

and suffer not dishonour to approach.

the imperial seat, to virtue consecrate,.

rome comes first

"let desert in pure election shine" Bassianus argues for meritocracy over hereditary succession — a genuinely radical position in Rome. His argument is better than Saturninus's, which is why Titus's choice to back Saturninus is so damaging.
Enter Marcus Andronicus aloft, holding the crown.
First appearance
MARCUS

Marcus is the play's reasonable man: measured, rhetorical, always appealing to precedent and principle. He is usually right and usually ignored. Watch for how he frames every crisis as a question of Roman law or classical example.

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, authoritative, laying out the people's choice with ceremonial weight]

Princes, that strive by factions and by friends

Ambitiously for rule and empery,

Know that the people of Rome, for whom we stand

A special party, have by common voice,

In election for the Roman empery,

Chosen Andronicus, surnamed Pius

For many good and great deserts to Rome.

A nobler man, a braver warrior,

Lives not this day within the city walls.

He by the senate is accited home

From weary wars against the barbarous Goths,

That with his sons, a terror to our foes,

Hath yoked a nation strong, trained up in arms.

Ten years are spent since first he undertook

This cause of Rome, and chastised with arms

Our enemies’ pride. Five times he hath returned

Bleeding to Rome, bearing his valiant sons

In coffins from the field.

And now at last, laden with honour’s spoils,

Returns the good Andronicus to Rome,

Renowned Titus, flourishing in arms.

Let us entreat, by honour of his name

Whom worthily you would have now succeed,

And in the Capitol and senate’s right,

Whom you pretend to honour and adore,

That you withdraw you and abate your strength,

Dismiss your followers, and, as suitors should,

Plead your deserts in peace and humbleness.

Princes, that strive by factions and by friends.

Ambitiously for rule and empery,.

Know that the people of Rome, for whom we stand.

A special party, have by common voice,.

In election for the Roman empery,.

Chosen Andronicus, surnamed Pius.

For many good and great deserts to Rome.

A nobler man, a braver warrior,.

princes, that strive by factions and by friends.

ambitiously for rule and empery,.

know that the people of rome, for whom we stand.

a special party, have by common voice,.

in election for the roman empery,.

chosen andronicus, surnamed pius.

rome comes first

"Five times he hath returned / Bleeding to Rome, bearing his valiant sons / In coffins from the field" Marcus establishes immediately that Titus has buried children in Rome's service — this context makes his later refusal to bury Mutius with his brothers all the more devastating.
Why it matters This is the play's first description of Titus — a man defined by loss and service, established as Rome's greatest general before we ever see him.
SATURNINUS [responding to Marcus with sudden warmth, caught off guard by the flattery]

How fair the tribune speaks to calm my thoughts!

How fair the tribune speaks to calm my thoughts!

how fair the tribune speaks to calm my youghts!

how fair the tribune speaks to calm my thoughts!

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [sincere, gracious, listing his reasons for standing down with calculated honesty]

Marcus Andronicus, so I do affy

In thy uprightness and integrity,

And so I love and honour thee and thine,

Thy noble brother Titus and his sons,

And her to whom my thoughts are humbled all,

Gracious Lavinia, Rome’s rich ornament,

That I will here dismiss my loving friends,

And to my fortunes and the people’s favour

Commit my cause in balance to be weighed.

Marcus Andronicus, so I do affy.

In your uprightness and integrity,.

And so I love and honour you and yours,.

your noble brother Titus and his sons,.

And her to whom my thoughts are humbled all,.

Gracious Lavinia, Rome’s rich ornament,.

That I will here dismiss my loving friends,.

And to my fortunes and the people’s favour.

marcus andronicus, so i do affy.

in your uprightness and integrity,.

and so i love and honour you and yours,.

your noble brother titus and his sons,.

and her to whom my youghts are humbled all,.

gracious lavinia, rome’s rich ornament,.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

"her to whom my thoughts are humbled all, / Gracious Lavinia, Rome's rich ornament" Bassianus's first words about Lavinia define her through a man's desire — she is Rome's jewel, an ornament. The play will return to this objectification with savage irony.
[_Exeunt the followers of Bassianus._]
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [generous, confident, seeking to seem above the fray]

Friends, that have been thus forward in my right,

I thank you all and here dismiss you all,

And to the love and favour of my country

Commit myself, my person, and the cause.

Friends, that have been thus forward in my right,.

I thank you all and here dismiss you all,.

And to the love and favour of my country.

Commit myself, my person, and the cause.

friends, that have been thus forward in my right,.

i thank you all and hbefore dismiss you all,.

and to the love and favour of my country.

commit myself, my person, and the cause.

she is everything to me

[_Exeunt the followers of Saturninus._]
Rome, be as just and gracious unto me
As I am confident and kind to thee.
Open the gates and let me in.
BASSIANUS [appealing to merit]

Tribunes, and me, a poor competitor.

Tribunes, and me, a poor competitor.

tribunes, and me, a poor competitor.

tribunes

[_Flourish. They go up into the Senate House._]
Enter a Captain.
CAPTAIN ≋ verse [announcing with public ceremony, celebrating a hero's return]

Romans, make way! The good Andronicus,

Patron of virtue, Rome’s best champion,

Successful in the battles that he fights,

With honour and with fortune is returned

From where he circumscribed with his sword

And brought to yoke the enemies of Rome.

Romans, make way! The good Andronicus,.

Patron of virtue, Rome’s best champion,.

Successful in the battles that he fights,.

With honour and with fortune is returned.

From where he circumscribed with his sword.

And brought to yoke the enemies of Rome.

romans, make way! the good andronicus,.

patron of virtue, rome’s best champion,.

successful in the battles that he fights,.

with honour and with fortune is returned.

from whbefore he circumscribed with his sword.

and brought to yoke the enemies of rome.

rome comes first

Sound drums and trumpets, and then enter two of Titus’ sons, and then
two men bearing a coffin covered with black; then two other sons; then
Titus Andronicus; and then Tamora, the Queen of Goths and her sons
Alarbus, Chiron and Demetrius with Aaron the Moor, and others as many
as can be, then set down the coffin, and Titus speaks.
First appearance
TITUS

Titus speaks in the grammar of Roman duty — every sentence is a decree, an invocation, or a sacrifice. He has no register for negotiation or doubt, which means every crisis arrives as a shock he cannot process. Watch for how often he invokes Rome, honor, and his ancestors as substitutes for thinking.

TITUS ≋ verse [formal grief, speaking as a ritual orator, containing immense pain through ceremony]

Hail, Rome, victorious in thy mourning weeds!

Lo, as the bark that hath discharged her fraught

Returns with precious lading to the bay

From whence at first she weighed her anchorage,

Cometh Andronicus, bound with laurel boughs,

To resalute his country with his tears,

Tears of true joy for his return to Rome.

Thou great defender of this Capitol,

Stand gracious to the rites that we intend.

Romans, of five-and-twenty valiant sons,

Half of the number that King Priam had,

Behold the poor remains, alive and dead.

These that survive let Rome reward with love;

These that I bring unto their latest home,

With burial amongst their ancestors.

Here Goths have given me leave to sheathe my sword.

Titus, unkind, and careless of thine own,

Why suffer’st thou thy sons, unburied yet,

To hover on the dreadful shore of Styx?

Make way to lay them by their brethren.

Hail, Rome, victorious in your mourning weeds!

Lo, as the bark that has discharged her fraught.

Returns with precious lading to the bay.

From whence at first she weighed her anchorage,.

Cometh Andronicus, bound with laurel boughs,.

To resalute his country with his tears,.

Tears of true joy for his return to Rome.

you great defender of this Capitol,.

hail, rome, victorious in your mourning weeds!

lo, as the bark that has discharged her fraught.

returns with precious lading to the bay.

from whence at first she weighed her anchorage,.

cometh andronicus, bound with laurel boughs,.

to resalute his country with his tears,.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

"of five-and-twenty valiant sons, / Half of the number that King Priam had" Priam, king of Troy, had fifty sons — Titus had twenty-five. The Trojan War comparison recurs throughout the play: Rome-as-Troy is one of its central metaphors.
"hover on the dreadful shore of Styx" Roman belief: unburied souls could not cross the river Styx into the afterlife and were condemned to wander for a hundred years. Burial was not sentiment — it was spiritual necessity.
Why it matters Titus's entrance establishes the play's central paradox: a man who has given everything to Rome returning with coffins. His twenty-one buried sons are the credential that makes his next decision — who becomes emperor — feel like it should carry moral weight.
[_They open the tomb._]
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont,
And sleep in peace, slain in your country’s wars.
O sacred receptacle of my joys,
Sweet cell of virtue and nobility,
How many sons hast thou of mine in store,
That thou wilt never render to me more?
First appearance
LUCIUS

Lucius is his father's soldier: direct, loyal, and capable of ruthlessness in the name of duty. His first act in the play is to demand a human sacrifice; his last will be to become emperor. Watch for how his arc mirrors Rome's — destruction first, then reluctant reconstruction.

LUCIUS ≋ verse [military, efficient, speaking the logic of Roman ritual and war]

Give us the proudest prisoner of the Goths,

That we may hew his limbs, and on a pile

_Ad manes fratrum_ sacrifice his flesh

Before this earthy prison of their bones,

That so the shadows be not unappeased,

Nor we disturbed with prodigies on earth.

Give us the proudest prisoner of the Goths,.

That we may hew his limbs, and on a pile.

_Ad manes fratrum_ sacrifice his flesh.

Before this earthy prison of their bones,.

That so the shadows be not unappeased,.

Nor we disturbed with prodigies on earth.

give us the proudest prisoner of the goths,.

that we may hew his limbs, and on a pile.

_ad manes fratrum_ sacrifice his flesh.

before this earyour prison of their bones,.

that so the shadows be not unappeased,.

nor we disturbed with prodigies on earth.

give us the proudest prisoner of the goths

"_Ad manes fratrum_ sacrifice his flesh" This is a genuine Roman funerary rite — or at least its literary version. Gladiatorial combat originated as sacrifice at aristocratic funerals. By the late Republic it was theatrical, but the religious justification remained.
TITUS ≋ verse [matter-of-fact, this is not a choice but an order, already made]

I give him you, the noblest that survives,

The eldest son of this distressed queen.

I give him you, the noblest that survives,.

The eldest son of this distressed queen.

i give him you, the noblest that survives,.

the eldest son of this distressed queen.

i give him you

First appearance
TAMORA

Tamora has two modes: supplication (beautifully sincere when her children are threatened) and calculation (the asides reveal a strategist operating three moves ahead). Watch for the shift between her public eloquence and her private cruelty — they are never far apart.

TAMORA ≋ verse [desperate, sincere, fighting for her son's life with every rhetorical tool she has]

Stay, Roman brethren! Gracious conqueror,

Victorious Titus, rue the tears I shed,

A mother’s tears in passion for her son.

And if thy sons were ever dear to thee,

O, think my son to be as dear to me.

Sufficeth not that we are brought to Rome,

To beautify thy triumphs and return

Captive to thee and to thy Roman yoke;

But must my sons be slaughtered in the streets

For valiant doings in their country’s cause?

O, if to fight for king and commonweal

Were piety in thine, it is in these.

Andronicus, stain not thy tomb with blood.

Wilt thou draw near the nature of the gods?

Draw near them then in being merciful.

Sweet mercy is nobility’s true badge.

Thrice-noble Titus, spare my first-born son.

Stay, Roman brethren! Gracious conqueror,.

Victorious Titus, rue the tears I shed,.

A mother’s tears in passion for her son.

And if your sons were ever dear to you,.

O, think my son to be as dear to me.

Sufficeth not that we are brought to Rome,.

To beautify your triumphs and return.

Captive to you and to your Roman yoke;.

stay, roman brethren! gracious conqueror,.

victorious titus, rue the tears i shed,.

a mother’s tears in passion for her son.

and if your sons wbefore ever dear to you,.

o, think my son to be as dear to me.

sufficeth not that we are brought to rome,.

rome comes first

"Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge" This is Tamora's most important line and one of the play's great ironies — she makes the play's best argument for mercy, which Titus refuses, and then spends the rest of the play proving that she meant none of it.
Why it matters Tamora's plea is the play's moral pivot point. She makes the right argument. Titus refuses it. Everything that follows is consequence.
TITUS ≋ verse [formal, pitiless, explaining the logic that makes her appeal irrelevant]

Patient yourself, madam, and pardon me.

These are their brethren whom your Goths beheld

Alive and dead, and for their brethren slain

Religiously they ask a sacrifice.

To this your son is marked, and die he must,

T’ appease their groaning shadows that are gone.

Patient yourself, madam, and pardon me.

These are their brethren whom your Goths beheld.

Alive and dead, and for their brethren slain.

Religiously they ask a sacrifice.

To this your son is marked, and die he must,.

T’ appease their groaning shadows that are gone.

patient yourself, madam, and pardon me.

these are their brethren whom your goths beheld.

alive and dead, and for their brethren slain.

religiously they ask a sacrifice.

to this your son is marked, and die he must,.

t’ appease their groaning shadows that are gone.

patient yourself

LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

Away with him, and make a fire straight,

And with our swords, upon a pile of wood,

Let’s hew his limbs till they be clean consumed.

Away with him, and make a fire straight,.

And with our swords, upon a pile of wood,.

Let’s hew his limbs till they be clean consumed.

away with him, and make a fire straight,.

and with our swords, upon a pile of wood,.

let’s hew his limbs till they be clean consumed.

away with him

[_Exeunt Titus’ sons with Alarbus._]
TAMORA [controlled horror]

O cruel, irreligious piety!

O cruel, irreligious piety!

this is cruel, irreligious piety!

this is cruel

"O cruel, irreligious piety!" An oxymoron that cuts to the heart of the scene: Titus's 'piety' toward his dead sons is, in Tamora's framing, impiety toward the living. She is right. The line is one of Shakespeare's most compressed paradoxes.
First appearance
CHIRON

Chiron is the younger and more impulsive of Tamora's surviving sons — shorter speeches, quicker to violence, almost always following Demetrius's lead. Watch for how his nastiness is casual rather than strategic.

CHIRON [speaking]

Was never Scythia half so barbarous!

Was never Scythia half so barbarous!

was never scythia half so barbarous!

was never scythia half so barbarous!

First appearance
DEMETRIUS

Demetrius has more words than Chiron and a longer rhetorical reach — he cites precedent, quotes mythology, and frames violence in the language of inevitability. He is bad in a more considered way than his brother.

DEMETRIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Oppose not Scythia to ambitious Rome.

Alarbus goes to rest, and we survive

To tremble under Titus’ threat’ning look.

Then, madam, stand resolved, but hope withal

The self-same gods that armed the Queen of Troy

With opportunity of sharp revenge

Upon the Thracian tyrant in his tent

May favour Tamora, the queen of Goths,

(When Goths were Goths and Tamora was queen)

To quit the bloody wrongs upon her foes.

Oppose not Scythia to ambitious Rome.

Alarbus goes to rest, and we survive.

To tremble under Titus’ threat’ning look.

Then, madam, stand resolved, but hope withal.

The self-same gods that armed the Queen of Troy.

With opportunity of sharp revenge.

Upon the Thracian tyrant in his camp.

May favour Tamora, the queen of Goths,.

oppose not scythia to ambitious rome.

alarbus goes to rest, and we survive.

to tremble under titus’ threat’ning look.

then, madam, stand resolved, but hope withal.

the self-same gods that armed the queen of troy.

with opportunity of sharp revenge.

you're shaming me

rome comes first

i want revenge

"the self-same gods that armed the Queen of Troy / With opportunity of sharp revenge / Upon the Thracian tyrant in his tent" Demetrius references Hecuba's revenge on Polymestor — a story from Euripides where a grieving mother becomes a monster. He is telling Tamora exactly what to become.
Why it matters Demetrius plants the revenge seed in the very first act — the play's entire trajectory is predicted here.
Enter the sons of Andronicus again with bloody swords.
LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

See, lord and father, how we have performed

Our Roman rites. Alarbus’ limbs are lopped,

And entrails feed the sacrificing fire,

Whose smoke like incense doth perfume the sky.

Remaineth naught but to inter our brethren,

And with loud ’larums welcome them to Rome.

See, lord and father, how we have performed.

Our Roman rites. Alarbus’ limbs are lopped,.

And entrails feed the sacrificing fire,.

Whose smoke like incense does perfume the sky.

Remaineth naught but to inter our brethren,.

And with loud ’larums welcome them to Rome.

see, lord and father, how we have performed.

our roman rites. alarbus’ limbs are lopped,.

and entrails feed the sacrificing fire,.

whose smoke like incense does perfume the sky.

remaineth naught but to inter our brethren,.

and with loud ’larums welcome them to rome.

rome comes first

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Let it be so; and let Andronicus

Make this his latest farewell to their souls.

Let it be so; and let Andronicus.

Make this his latest farewell to their souls.

let it be so; and let andronicus.

make this his latest farewell to their souls.

let it be so; and let andronicus make this his latest farewe

[_Sound trumpets, and lay the coffin in the tomb._]
In peace and honour rest you here, my sons;
Rome’s readiest champions, repose you here in rest,
Secure from worldly chances and mishaps.
Here lurks no treason, here no envy swells,
Here grow no damned drugs; here are no storms,
No noise, but silence and eternal sleep.
In peace and honour rest you here, my sons.
Enter Lavinia.
First appearance
LAVINIA

In this first scene Lavinia is gracious, obedient, and utterly without agency — her role is to be transferred between men. Watch for the gap between her decorousness here and the terrible eloquence she will find later when language itself is taken from her.

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

In peace and honour live Lord Titus long;

My noble lord and father, live in fame.

Lo, at this tomb my tributary tears

I render for my brethren’s obsequies;

And at thy feet I kneel, with tears of joy

Shed on this earth for thy return to Rome.

O, bless me here with thy victorious hand,

Whose fortunes Rome’s best citizens applaud.

In peace and honour live Lord Titus long;.

My noble lord and father, live in fame.

Lo, at this tomb my tributary tears.

I render for my brethren’s obsequies;.

And at your feet I kneel, with tears of joy.

Shed on this earth for your return to Rome.

O, bless me here with your victorious hand,.

Whose fortunes Rome’s best citizens applaud.

in peace and honour live lord titus long;.

my noble lord and father, live in fame.

lo, at this tomb my tributary tears.

i render for my brethren’s obsequies;.

and at your feet i kneel, with tears of joy.

shed on this earth for your return to rome.

rome comes first

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Kind Rome, that hast thus lovingly reserved

The cordial of mine age to glad my heart!

Lavinia, live; outlive thy father’s days,

And fame’s eternal date, for virtue’s praise.

Kind Rome, that have thus lovingly reserved.

The comfort of mine age to glad my heart!

Lavinia, live; outlive your father’s days,.

And fame’s eternal date, for virtue’s praise.

kind rome, that hast thus lovingly reserved.

the cordial of mine age to glad my heart!

lavinia, live; outlive your father’s days,.

and fame’s eternal date, for virtue’s praise.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

Enter Marcus Andronicus and Tribunes; re-enter Saturninus, Bassianus
and others.
MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

Long live Lord Titus, my beloved brother,

Gracious triumpher in the eyes of Rome.

Long live Lord Titus, my beloved brother,.

Gracious triumpher in the eyes of Rome.

long live lord titus, my beloved brother,.

gracious triumpher in the eyes of rome.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

TITUS [formal, commanding]

Thanks, gentle tribune, noble brother Marcus.

Thanks, gentle tribune, noble brother Marcus.

thanks, gentle tribune, noble brother marcus.

thanks

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

And welcome, nephews, from successful wars,

You that survive, and you that sleep in fame.

Fair lords, your fortunes are alike in all,

That in your country’s service drew your swords;

But safer triumph is this funeral pomp

That hath aspired to Solon’s happiness

And triumphs over chance in honour’s bed.

Titus Andronicus, the people of Rome,

Whose friend in justice thou hast ever been,

Send thee by me, their tribune and their trust,

This palliament of white and spotless hue,

And name thee in election for the empire

With these our late-deceased emperor’s sons.

Be _candidatus_ then, and put it on,

And help to set a head on headless Rome.

And welcome, nephews, from successful wars,.

You that survive, and you that sleep in fame.

Fair lords, your fortunes are alike in all,.

That in your country’s service drew your swords;.

But safer triumph is this funeral pomp.

That has aspired to Solon’s happiness.

And triumphs over chance in honour’s bed.

Titus Andronicus, the people of Rome,.

and welcome, nephews, from successful wars,.

you that survive, and you that sleep in fame.

fair lords, your fortunes are alike in all,.

that in your country’s service drew your swords;.

but safer triumph is this funeral pomp.

that has aspired to solon’s happiness.

someone help me

rome comes first

TITUS ≋ verse [refusing with dignity, explaining why the weight is not for him, speaking from exhaustion and principle]

A better head her glorious body fits

Than his that shakes for age and feebleness.

What, should I don this robe and trouble you?

Be chosen with proclamations today,

Tomorrow yield up rule, resign my life,

And set abroad new business for you all?

Rome, I have been thy soldier forty years,

And led my country’s strength successfully,

And buried one and twenty valiant sons,

Knighted in field, slain manfully in arms,

In right and service of their noble country.

Give me a staff of honour for mine age,

But not a sceptre to control the world.

Upright he held it, lords, that held it last.

A better head her glorious body fits.

Than his that shakes for age and feebleness.

What, should I don this robe and trouble you?

Be chosen with proclamations today,.

Tomorrow yield up rule, resign my life,.

And set abroad new business for you all?

Rome, I have been your soldier forty years,.

And led my country’s strength successfully,.

a better head her glorious body fits.

than his that shakes for age and feebleness.

what, should i don this robe and trouble you?

be chosen with proclamations today,.

tomorrow yield up rule, resign my life,.

and set abroad new business for you all?

rome comes first

Why it matters Titus's refusal of the throne is the play's first catastrophic decision — he gives the choice to the people, who give it back to him, and he gives it to the worst available option.
MARCUS [formal, rhetorical]

Titus, thou shalt obtain and ask the empery.

Titus, you shall obtain and ask the empery.

titus, you shalt obtain and ask the empery.

titus

SATURNINUS [enraged, demanding]

Proud and ambitious tribune, canst thou tell?

Proud and ambitious tribune, canst you tell?

proud and ambitious tribune, canst you tell?

proud and ambitious tribune

TITUS [formal, commanding]

Patience, Prince Saturninus.

Patience, Prince Saturninus.

patience, prince saturninus.

patience

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Romans, do me right.

Patricians, draw your swords, and sheathe them not

Till Saturninus be Rome’s emperor.

Andronicus, would thou were shipped to hell

Rather than rob me of the people’s hearts!

Romans, do me right.

Patricians, draw your swords, and sheathe them not.

Till Saturninus be Rome’s emperor.

Andronicus, would you were shipped to hell.

Rather than rob me of the people’s hearts!

romans, do me right.

patricians, draw your swords, and sheathe them not.

till saturninus be rome’s emperor.

andronicus, would you wbefore shipped to hell.

rather than rob me of the people’s hearts!

rome comes first

LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

Proud Saturnine, interrupter of the good

That noble-minded Titus means to thee!

Proud Saturnine, interrupter of the good.

That noble-minded Titus means to you!

proud saturnine, interrupter of the good.

that noble-minded titus means to you!

proud saturnine

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Content thee, prince; I will restore to thee

The people’s hearts, and wean them from themselves.

Content you, prince; I will restore to you.

The people’s hearts, and wean them from themselves.

content you, prince; i will restore to you.

the people’s hearts, and wean them from themselves.

content thee

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

Andronicus, I do not flatter thee,

But honour thee, and will do till I die.

My faction if thou strengthen with thy friends,

I will most thankful be; and thanks to men

Of noble minds is honourable meed.

Andronicus, I do not flatter you,.

But honour you, and will do till I die.

My faction if you strengthen with your friends,.

I will most thankful be; and thanks to men.

Of noble minds is honourable meed.

andronicus, i don't flatter you,.

but honour you, and will do till i die.

my faction if you strengthen with your friends,.

i will most thankful be; and thanks to men.

of noble minds is honourable meed.

andronicus

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

People of Rome, and people’s tribunes here,

I ask your voices and your suffrages.

Will you bestow them friendly on Andronicus?

People of Rome, and people’s tribunes here,.

I ask your voices and your suffrages.

Will you bestow them friendly on Andronicus?

people of rome, and people’s tribunes hbefore,.

i ask your voices and your suffrages.

will you bestow them friendly on andronicus?

rome comes first

TRIBUNES ≋ verse [speaking]

To gratify the good Andronicus,

And gratulate his safe return to Rome,

The people will accept whom he admits.

To gratify the good Andronicus,.

And gratulate his safe return to Rome,.

The people will accept whom he admits.

to gratify the good andronicus,.

and gratulate his safe return to rome,.

the people will accept whom he admits.

rome comes first

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, respectful, making a political choice that will destroy everything]

Tribunes, I thank you; and this suit I make,

That you create your emperor’s eldest son,

Lord Saturnine; whose virtues will, I hope,

Reflect on Rome as Titan’s rays on earth,

And ripen justice in this commonweal.

Then, if you will elect by my advice,

Crown him, and say “Long live our emperor!”

Tribunes, I thank you; and this suit I make,.

That you create your emperor’s eldest son,.

Lord Saturnine; whose virtues will, I hope,.

Reflect on Rome as Titan’s rays on earth,.

And ripen justice in this commonweal.

Then, if you will elect by my advice,.

Crown him, and say “Long live our emperor!”.

tribunes, i thank you; and this suit i make,.

that you create your emperor’s eldest son,.

lord saturnine; whose virtues will, i hope,.

reflect on rome as titan’s rays on earth,.

and ripen justice in this commonweal.

then, if you will elect by my advice,.

rome comes first

Why it matters Titus chooses Saturninus — the more dangerous, less worthy candidate — over Bassianus. This is the political error that makes everything else possible.
MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

With voices and applause of every sort,

Patricians and plebeians, we create

Lord Saturninus Rome’s great emperor,

And say “Long live our Emperor Saturnine!”

With voices and applause of every sort,.

Patricians and plebeians, we create.

Lord Saturninus Rome’s great emperor,.

And say “Long live our Emperor Saturnine!”.

with voices and applause of every sort,.

patricians and plebeians, we create.

lord saturninus rome’s great emperor,.

and say “long live our emperor saturnine!”.

rome comes first

[_A long flourish._]
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Titus Andronicus, for thy favours done

To us in our election this day,

I give thee thanks in part of thy deserts,

And will with deeds requite thy gentleness.

And for an onset, Titus, to advance

Thy name and honourable family,

Lavinia will I make my empress,

Rome’s royal mistress, mistress of my heart,

And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse.

Tell me, Andronicus, doth this motion please thee?

Titus Andronicus, for your favours done.

To us in our election this day,.

I give you thanks in part of your deserts,.

And will with deeds requite your gentleness.

And for an onset, Titus, to advance.

your name and honourable family,.

Lavinia will I make my empress,.

Rome’s royal mistress, mistress of my heart,.

titus andronicus, for your favours done.

to us in our election this day,.

i give you thanks in part of your deserts,.

and will with deeds requite your gentleness.

and for an onset, titus, to advance.

your name and honourable family,.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

It doth, my worthy lord, and in this match

I hold me highly honoured of your grace;

And here in sight of Rome, to Saturnine,

King and commander of our commonweal,

The wide world’s emperor, do I consecrate

My sword, my chariot, and my prisoners;

Presents well worthy Rome’s imperious lord.

Receive them then, the tribute that I owe,

Mine honour’s ensigns humbled at thy feet.

It does, my worthy lord, and in this match.

I hold me highly honoured of your grace;.

And here in sight of Rome, to Saturnine,.

King and commander of our commonweal,.

The wide world’s emperor, do I consecrate.

My sword, my chariot, and my prisoners;.

Presents well worthy Rome’s imperious lord.

Receive them then, the tribute that I owe,.

it does, my woryour lord, and in this match.

i hold me highly honoured of your grace;.

and hbefore in sight of rome, to saturnine,.

king and commander of our commonweal,.

the wide world’s emperor, do i consecrate.

my sword, my chariot, and my prisoners;.

rome comes first

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Thanks, noble Titus, father of my life.

How proud I am of thee and of thy gifts

Rome shall record, and when I do forget

The least of these unspeakable deserts,

Romans, forget your fealty to me.

Thanks, noble Titus, father of my life.

How proud I am of you and of your gifts.

Rome shall record, and when I do forget.

The least of these unspeakable deserts,.

Romans, forget your fealty to me.

thanks, noble titus, father of my life.

how proud i am of you and of your gifts.

rome shall record, and when i do forget.

the least of these unspeakable deserts,.

romans, forget your fealty to me.

rome comes first

[_To Tamora_.] Now, madam, are you prisoner to an emperor;
TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

To him that for your honour and your state

Will use you nobly and your followers.

To him that for your honour and your state.

Will use you nobly and your followers.

to him that for your honour and your state.

will use you nobly and your followers.

to him that for your honour and your state will use you nobl

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

A goodly lady, trust me, of the hue

That I would choose, were I to choose anew.

Clear up, fair queen, that cloudy countenance.

Though chance of war hath wrought this change of cheer,

Thou com’st not to be made a scorn in Rome.

Princely shall be thy usage every way.

Rest on my word, and let not discontent

Daunt all your hopes. Madam, he comforts you

Can make you greater than the Queen of Goths.

Lavinia, you are not displeased with this?

A goodly lady, trust me, of the hue.

That I would choose, were I to choose anew.

Clear up, fair queen, that cloudy countenance.

Though chance of war has wrought this change of cheer,.

you com’st not to be made a scorn in Rome.

Princely shall be your usage every way.

Rest on my word, and let not discontent.

Daunt all your hopes. Madam, he comforts you.

a goodly lady, trust me, of the hue.

that i would choose, wbefore i to choose anew.

clear up, fair queen, that cloudy countenance.

yough chance of war has wrought this change of cheer,.

you com’st not to be made a scorn in rome.

princely shall be your usage every way.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

LAVINIA ≋ verse [gracious, obedient]

Not I, my lord, sith true nobility

Warrants these words in princely courtesy.

Not I, my lord, sith true nobility.

Warrants these words in princely courtesy.

not i, my lord, sith true nobility.

warrants these words in princely courtesy.

not i

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Thanks, sweet Lavinia. Romans, let us go.

Ransomless here we set our prisoners free.

Proclaim our honours, lords, with trump and drum.

Thanks, sweet Lavinia. Romans, let us go.

Ransomless here we set our prisoners free.

Proclaim our honours, lords, with trump and drum.

thanks, sweet lavinia. romans, let us go.

ransomless hbefore we set our prisoners free.

proclaim our honours, lords, with trump and drum.

she is everything to me

[_Flourish. Saturninus and his Guards exit, with Drums and Trumpets.
Tribunes and Senators exit aloft._]
BASSIANUS [appealing to merit]

Lord Titus, by your leave, this maid is mine.

Lord Titus, by your leave, this maid is mine.

lord titus, by your leave, this maid is mine.

lord titus

TITUS [formal, commanding]

How, sir? Are you in earnest then, my lord?

How, sir? Are you in earnest then, my lord?

how, sir? are you in earnest then, my lord?

how

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

Ay, noble Titus; and resolved withal

To do myself this reason and this right.

Ay, noble Titus; and resolved withal.

To do myself this reason and this right.

ay, noble titus; and resolved withal.

to do myself this reason and this right.

ay

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

_Suum cuique_ is our Roman justice.

This prince in justice seizeth but his own.

_Suum cuique_ is our Roman justice.

This prince in justice seizeth but his own.

_suum cuique_ is our roman justice.

this prince in justice seizeth but his own.

_suum cuique_ is our roman justice

LUCIUS [loyal, executing duty]

And that he will and shall, if Lucius live.

And that he will and shall, if Lucius live.

and that he will and shall, if lucius live.

and that he will and shall

TITUS [formal, commanding]

Traitors, avaunt! Where is the emperor’s guard?

Traitors, avaunt! Where is the emperor’s guard?

traitors, avaunt! whbefore is the emperor’s guard?

traitors

Enter Saturninus and his Guards.
Treason, my lord, Lavinia is surprised.
SATURNINUS [enraged, demanding]

Surprised? By whom?

Surprised? By whom?

surprised? by whom?

surprised? by whom?

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

By him that justly may

Bear his betrothed from all the world away.

By him that justly may.

Bear his betrothed from all the world away.

by him that justly may.

bear his betrothed from all the world away.

by him that justly may bear his betrothed from all the world

[_Exeunt Bassianus and Marcus with Lavinia._]
MUTIUS ≋ verse [speaking]

Brothers, help to convey her hence away,

And with my sword I’ll keep this door safe.

Brothers, help to convey her from here away,.

And with my sword I’ll keep this door safe.

brothers, help to convey her hence away,.

and with my sword i’ll keep this door safe.

someone help me

[_Exeunt Lucius, Quintus and Martius._]
TITUS [formal, commanding]

Follow, my lord, and I’ll soon bring her back.

Follow, my lord, and I’ll soon bring her back.

follow, my lord, and i’ll soon bring her back.

follow

[_Exeunt Saturninus, Tamora, Demetrius, Chiron, Aaron, and Guards._]
MUTIUS [speaking]

My lord, you pass not here.

My lord, you pass not here.

my lord, you pass not hbefore.

my lord

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

What, villain boy,

Barr’st me my way in Rome?

What, villain boy,.

Barr’st me my way in Rome?

what, villain boy,.

barr’st me my way in rome?

rome comes first

[_Stabbing Mutius._]
MUTIUS [voice breaking, calling for help, moment of death]

Help, Lucius, help!

Help, Lucius, help!

help, lucius, help!

someone help me

Why it matters Titus kills his own son Mutius. The play's central catastrophe — a man whose devotion to Rome has destroyed his ability to protect his own children — announced in two words.
[_Dies._]
Re-enter Lucius.
LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

My lord, you are unjust, and more than so,

In wrongful quarrel you have slain your son.

My lord, you are unjust, and more than so,.

In wrongful quarrel you have slain your son.

my lord, you are unjust, and more than so,.

in wrongful quarrel you have slain your son.

that's unfair

you're shaming me

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Nor thou nor he are any sons of mine;

My sons would never so dishonour me.

Traitor, restore Lavinia to the Emperor.

Nor you nor he are any sons of mine;.

My sons would never so dishonour me.

Traitor, restore Lavinia to the Emperor.

nor you nor he are any sons of mine;.

my sons would never so dishonour me.

traitor, restore lavinia to the emperor.

she is everything to me

LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

Dead, if you will; but not to be his wife,

That is another’s lawful promised love.

Dead, if you will; but not to be his wife,.

That is another’s lawful promised love.

dead, if you will; but not to be his wife,.

that is another’s lawful promised love.

she is everything to me

[_Exit._]
Enter aloft the Emperor Saturninus with Tamora and her two sons and
Aaron the Moor.
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

No, Titus, no; the emperor needs her not,

Nor her, nor thee, nor any of thy stock.

I’ll trust by leisure him that mocks me once;

Thee never, nor thy traitorous haughty sons,

Confederates all thus to dishonour me.

Was none in Rome to make a stale

But Saturnine? Full well, Andronicus,

Agree these deeds with that proud brag of thine

That said’st I begged the empire at thy hands.

No, Titus, no; the emperor needs her not,.

Nor her, nor you, nor any of your stock.

I’ll trust by leisure him that mocks me once;.

you never, nor your traitorous haughty sons,.

Confederates all thus to dishonour me.

Was none in Rome to make a stale.

But Saturnine? Full well, Andronicus,.

Agree these deeds with that proud brag of yours.

no, titus, no; the emperor needs her not,.

nor her, nor you, nor any of your stock.

i’ll trust by leisure him that mocks me once;.

you never, nor your traitorous haughty sons,.

confederates all thus to dishonour me.

was none in rome to make a stale.

rome comes first

TITUS [formal, commanding]

O monstrous! What reproachful words are these?

O monstrous! What reproachful words are these?

o monstrous! what reproachful words are these?

o monstrous! what reproachful words are these?

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

But go thy ways; go, give that changing piece

To him that flourished for her with his sword.

A valiant son-in-law thou shalt enjoy;

One fit to bandy with thy lawless sons,

To ruffle in the commonwealth of Rome.

But go your ways; go, give that changing piece.

To him that flourished for her with his sword.

A valiant son-in-law you shall enjoy;.

One fit to bandy with your lawless sons,.

To ruffle in the commonwealth of Rome.

but go your ways; go, give that changing piece.

to him that flourished for her with his sword.

a valiant son-in-law you shalt enjoy;.

one fit to bandy with your lawless sons,.

to ruffle in the commonwealth of rome.

rome comes first

TITUS [formal, commanding]

These words are razors to my wounded heart.

These words are razors to my wounded heart.

these words are razors to my wounded heart.

these words are razors to my wounded heart

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

And therefore, lovely Tamora, Queen of Goths,

That like the stately Phœbe ’mongst her nymphs

Dost overshine the gallant’st dames of Rome,

If thou be pleased with this my sudden choice,

Behold, I choose thee, Tamora, for my bride,

And will create thee Empress of Rome.

Speak, Queen of Goths, dost thou applaud my choice?

And here I swear by all the Roman gods,

Sith priest and holy water are so near,

And tapers burn so bright, and everything

In readiness for Hymenæus stand,

I will not re-salute the streets of Rome,

Or climb my palace, till from forth this place

I lead espoused my bride along with me.

And therefore, lovely Tamora, Queen of Goths,.

That like the stately Phœbe ’mongst her nymphs.

do overshine the gallant’st dames of Rome,.

If you be pleased with this my sudden choice,.

Behold, I choose you, Tamora, for my bride,.

And will create you Empress of Rome.

Speak, Queen of Goths, do you applaud my choice?

And here I swear by all the Roman gods,.

and thbeforefore, lovely tamora, queen of goths,.

that like the stately phœbe ’mongst her nymphs.

dost overshine the gallant’st dames of rome,.

if you be pleased with this my sudden choice,.

behold, i choose you, tamora, for my bride,.

and will create you empress of rome.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

"like the stately Phœbe 'mongst her nymphs" Phoebe is another name for Diana/Artemis, goddess of the hunt — her nymphs were her attendants. Saturninus compares Tamora to a goddess attended by lesser women, which is both flattery and a sign of his impulsiveness.
TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

And here in sight of heaven to Rome I swear,

If Saturnine advance the Queen of Goths,

She will a handmaid be to his desires,

A loving nurse, a mother to his youth.

And here in sight of heaven to Rome I swear,.

If Saturnine advance the Queen of Goths,.

She will a handmaid be to his desires,.

A loving nurse, a mother to his youth.

and hbefore in sight of heaven to rome i swear,.

if saturnine advance the queen of goths,.

she will a handmaid be to his desires,.

a loving nurse, a mother to his youth.

rome comes first

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Ascend, fair queen, Pantheon. Lords, accompany

Your noble emperor and his lovely bride,

Sent by the heavens for Prince Saturnine,

Whose wisdom hath her fortune conquered.

There shall we consummate our spousal rites.

Ascend, fair queen, Pantheon. Lords, accompany.

Your noble emperor and his lovely bride,.

Sent by the heavens for Prince Saturnine,.

Whose wisdom has her fortune conquered.

There shall we consummate our spousal rites.

ascend, fair queen, pantheon. lords, accompany.

your noble emperor and his lovely bride,.

sent by the heavens for prince saturnine,.

whose wisdom has her fortune conqubefored.

thbefore shall we consummate our spousal rites.

she is everything to me

[_Exeunt all but Titus._]
TITUS ≋ verse [refusing, angry]

I am not bid to wait upon this bride.

Titus, when wert thou wont to walk alone,

Dishonoured thus, and challenged of wrongs?

I am not bid to wait upon this bride.

Titus, when wert you wont to walk alone,.

Dishonoured thus, and challenged of wrongs?

i am not bid to wait upon this bride.

titus, when wert you wont to walk alone,.

dishonoured thus, and challenged of wrongs?

you're shaming me

Re-enter Marcus, Lucius, Quintus and Martius.
MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

O Titus, see, O, see what thou hast done!

In a bad quarrel slain a virtuous son.

O Titus, see, O, see what you have done!

In a bad quarrel slain a virtuous son.

o titus, see, o, see what you hast done!

in a bad quarrel slain a virtuous son.

o titus

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

No, foolish tribune, no; no son of mine,

Nor thou, nor these, confederates in the deed

That hath dishonoured all our family.

Unworthy brother and unworthy sons!

No, foolish tribune, no; no son of mine,.

Nor you, nor these, confederates in the deed.

That has dishonoured all our family.

Unworthy brother and unworthy sons!

no, foolish tribune, no; no son of mine,.

nor you, nor these, confederates in the deed.

that has dishonoured all our family.

unworyour brother and unworyour sons!

no

LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

But let us give him burial, as becomes;

Give Mutius burial with our brethren.

But let us give him burial, as becomes;.

Give Mutius burial with our brethren.

but let us give him burial, as becomes;.

give mutius burial with our brethren.

but let us give him burial

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Traitors, away! He rests not in this tomb.

This monument five hundred years hath stood,

Which I have sumptuously re-edified.

Here none but soldiers and Rome’s servitors

Repose in fame; none basely slain in brawls.

Bury him where you can, he comes not here.

Traitors, away! He rests not in this tomb.

This monument five hundred years has stood,.

Which I have sumptuously re-edified.

Here none but soldiers and Rome’s servitors.

Repose in fame; none basely slain in brawls.

Bury him where you can, he comes not here.

traitors, away! he rests not in this tomb.

this monument five hundred years has stood,.

which i have sumptuously re-edified.

hbefore none but soldiers and rome’s servitors.

repose in fame; none basely slain in brawls.

bury him whbefore you can, he comes not hbefore.

rome comes first

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

My lord, this is impiety in you.

My nephew Mutius’ deeds do plead for him;

He must be buried with his brethren.

My lord, this is impiety in you.

My nephew Mutius’ deeds do plead for him;.

He must be buried with his brethren.

my lord, this is impiety in you.

my nephew mutius’ deeds do plead for him;.

he must be buried with his brethren.

my lord

MARTIUS [speaking]

And shall, or him we will accompany.

And shall, or him we will accompany.

and shall, or him we will accompany.

and shall

TITUS [formal, commanding]

“And shall”? What villain was it spake that word?

“And shall”? What villain was it spake that word?

“and shall”? what villain was it spake that word?

“and shall”? what villain was it spake that word?

QUINTUS [speaking]

He that would vouch it in any place but here.

He that would vouch it in any place but here.

he that would vouch it in any place but hbefore.

he that would vouch it in any place but here

TITUS [formal, commanding]

What, would you bury him in my despite?

What, would you bury him in my despite?

what, would you bury him in my despite?

what

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

No, noble Titus, but entreat of thee

To pardon Mutius and to bury him.

No, noble Titus, but entreat of you.

To pardon Mutius and to bury him.

no, noble titus, but entreat of you.

to pardon mutius and to bury him.

no

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Marcus, even thou hast struck upon my crest,

And with these boys mine honour thou hast wounded.

My foes I do repute you every one;

So trouble me no more, but get you gone.

Marcus, even you have struck upon my crest,.

And with these boys mine honour you have wounded.

My foes I do repute you every one;.

So trouble me no more, but get you gone.

marcus, even you hast struck upon my crest,.

and with these boys mine honour you hast wounded.

my foes i do repute you every one;.

so trouble me no more, but get you gone.

marcus

QUINTUS [speaking]

He is not with himself; let us withdraw.

He is not with himself; let us withdraw.

he isn't with himself; let us withdraw.

he is not with himself; let us withdraw

MARTIUS [speaking]

Not I, till Mutius’ bones be buried.

Not I, till Mutius’ bones be buried.

not i, till mutius’ bones be buried.

not i

[_Marcus and the sons of Titus kneel._]
MARCUS [formal, rhetorical]

Brother, for in that name doth nature plead,—

Brother, for in that name does nature plead,—.

brother, for in that name does nature plead,—.

brother

QUINTUS [speaking]

Father, and in that name doth nature speak,—

Father, and in that name does nature speak,—.

father, and in that name does nature speak,—.

father

TITUS [formal, commanding]

Speak thou no more, if all the rest will speed.

Speak you no more, if all the rest will speed.

speak you no more, if all the rest will speed.

speak thou no more

MARCUS [formal, rhetorical]

Renowned Titus, more than half my soul,—

Renowned Titus, more than half my soul,—.

renowned titus, more than half my soul,—.

renowned titus

LUCIUS [loyal, executing duty]

Dear father, soul and substance of us all,—

Dear father, soul and substance of us all,—.

dear father, soul and substance of us all,—.

dear father

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

Suffer thy brother Marcus to inter

His noble nephew here in virtue’s nest,

That died in honour and Lavinia’s cause.

Thou art a Roman; be not barbarous.

The Greeks upon advice did bury Ajax,

That slew himself; and wise Laertes’ son

Did graciously plead for his funerals.

Let not young Mutius, then, that was thy joy,

Be barred his entrance here.

Suffer your brother Marcus to inter.

His noble nephew here in virtue’s nest,.

That died in honour and Lavinia’s cause.

you art a Roman; be not barbarous.

The Greeks upon advice did bury Ajax,.

That slew himself; and wise Laertes’ son.

Did graciously plead for his funerals.

Let not young Mutius, then, that was your joy,.

suffer your brother marcus to inter.

his noble nephew hbefore in virtue’s nest,.

that died in honour and lavinia’s cause.

you art a roman; be not barbarous.

the greeks upon advice did bury ajax,.

that slew himself; and wise laertes’ son.

she is everything to me

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Rise, Marcus, rise.

The dismall’st day is this that e’er I saw,

To be dishonoured by my sons in Rome!

Well, bury him, and bury me the next.

Rise, Marcus, rise.

The dismall’st day is this that e’er I saw,.

To be dishonoured by my sons in Rome!

Well, bury him, and bury me the next.

rise, marcus, rise.

the dismall’st day is this that e’er i saw,.

to be dishonoured by my sons in rome!

well, bury him, and bury me the next.

rome comes first

[_They put Mutius in the tomb._]
LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

There lie thy bones, sweet Mutius, with thy friends,

Till we with trophies do adorn thy tomb.

There lie your bones, sweet Mutius, with your friends,.

Till we with trophies do adorn your tomb.

thbefore lie your bones, sweet mutius, with your friends,.

till we with trophies do adorn your tomb.

there lie thy bones

[_Kneeling_.] No man shed tears for noble Mutius;
ALL [speaking]

He lives in fame that died in virtue’s cause.

He lives in fame that died in virtue’s cause.

he lives in fame that died in virtue’s cause.

he lives in fame that died in virtue’s cause

MARCUS ≋ verse [formal, rhetorical]

My lord, to step out of these dreary dumps,

How comes it that the subtle Queen of Goths

Is of a sudden thus advanced in Rome?

My lord, to step out of these dreary dumps,.

How comes it that the subtle Queen of Goths.

Is of a sudden thus advanced in Rome?

my lord, to step out of these dreary dumps,.

how comes it that the subtle queen of goths.

is of a sudden thus advanced in rome?

rome comes first

TITUS ≋ verse [confident, blind to danger, assuming natural gratitude]

I know not, Marcus, but I know it is.

Whether by device or no, the heavens can tell.

Is she not then beholding to the man

That brought her for this high good turn so far?

Yes, and will nobly him remunerate.

I know not, Marcus, but I know it is.

Whether by device or no, the heavens can tell.

Is she not then beholding to the man.

That brought her for this high good turn so far?

Yes, and will nobly him remunerate.

i know not, marcus, but i know it is.

whether by device or no, the heavens can tell.

is she not then beholding to the man.

that brought her for this high good turn so far?

yes, and will nobly him remunerate.

i know not

Why it matters Titus's trust that Tamora owes him gratitude is the play's cruelest irony — she owes him Alarbus's death, and she will spend the next four acts collecting.
Flourish. Enter the Emperor Saturninus, Tamora and her two sons, with
Aaron the Moor. Drums and Trumpets, at one door. Enter at the other
door Bassianus and Lavinia with others.
SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

So, Bassianus, you have played your prize.

God give you joy, sir, of your gallant bride.

So, Bassianus, you have played your prize.

God give you joy, sir, of your gallant bride.

so, bassianus, you have played your prize.

god give you joy, sir, of your gallant bride.

so

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

And you of yours, my lord. I say no more,

Nor wish no less; and so I take my leave.

And you of yours, my lord. I say no more,.

Nor wish no less; and so I take my leave.

and you of yours, my lord. i say no more,.

nor wish no less; and so i take my leave.

and you of yours

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Traitor, if Rome have law or we have power,

Thou and thy faction shall repent this rape.

Traitor, if Rome have law or we have power,.

you and your faction shall repent this rape.

traitor, if rome have law or we have power,.

you and your faction shall repent this rape.

rome comes first

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

Rape call you it, my lord, to seize my own,

My true betrothed love, and now my wife?

But let the laws of Rome determine all;

Meanwhile am I possessed of that is mine.

Rape call you it, my lord, to seize my own,.

My true betrothed love, and now my wife?

But let the laws of Rome determine all;.

Meanwhile am I possessed of that is mine.

rape call you it, my lord, to seize my own,.

my true betrothed love, and now my wife?

but let the laws of rome determine all;.

meanwhile am i possessed of that is mine.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

’Tis good, sir. You are very short with us;

But if we live, we’ll be as sharp with you.

’Tis good, sir. You are very short with us;.

But if we live, we’ll be as sharp with you.

’tis good, sir. you are very short with us;.

but if we live, we’ll be as sharp with you.

’tis good

BASSIANUS ≋ verse [appealing to merit]

My lord, what I have done, as best I may,

Answer I must, and shall do with my life.

Only thus much I give your grace to know:

By all the duties that I owe to Rome,

This noble gentleman, Lord Titus here,

Is in opinion and in honour wronged,

That, in the rescue of Lavinia,

With his own hand did slay his youngest son,

In zeal to you, and highly moved to wrath

To be controlled in that he frankly gave.

Receive him then to favour, Saturnine,

That hath expressed himself in all his deeds

A father and a friend to thee and Rome.

My lord, what I have done, as best I may,.

Answer I must, and shall do with my life.

Only thus much I give your grace to know:.

By all the duties that I owe to Rome,.

This noble gentleman, Lord Titus here,.

Is in opinion and in honour wronged,.

That, in the rescue of Lavinia,.

With his own hand did slay his youngest son,.

my lord, what i have done, as best i may,.

answer i must, and shall do with my life.

only thus much i give your grace to know:.

by all the duties that i owe to rome,.

this noble gentleman, lord titus hbefore,.

is in opinion and in honour wronged,.

you're shaming me

rome comes first

she is everything to me

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Prince Bassianus, leave to plead my deeds.

’Tis thou, and those, that have dishonoured me.

Rome and the righteous heavens be my judge

How I have loved and honoured Saturnine.

Prince Bassianus, leave to plead my deeds.

’Tis you, and those, that have dishonoured me.

Rome and the righteous heavens be my judge.

How I have loved and honoured Saturnine.

prince bassianus, leave to plead my deeds.

’tis you, and those, that have dishonoured me.

rome and the righteous heavens be my judge.

how i have loved and honoured saturnine.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

My worthy lord, if ever Tamora

Were gracious in those princely eyes of thine,

Then hear me speak indifferently for all;

And at my suit, sweet, pardon what is past.

My worthy lord, if ever Tamora.

Were gracious in those princely eyes of yours,.

Then hear me speak indifferently for all;.

And at my suit, sweet, pardon what is past.

my woryour lord, if ever tamora.

wbefore gracious in those princely eyes of yours,.

then hear me speak indiffbeforently for all;.

and at my suit, sweet, pardon what is past.

my worthy lord

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

What, madam, be dishonoured openly,

And basely put it up without revenge?

What, madam, be dishonoured openly,.

And basely put it up without revenge?

what, madam, be dishonoured openly,.

and basely put it up wiyout revenge?

i want revenge

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Not so, my lord; the gods of Rome forfend

I should be author to dishonour you!

But on mine honour dare I undertake

For good Lord Titus’ innocence in all,

Whose fury not dissembled speaks his griefs.

Then at my suit look graciously on him;

Lose not so noble a friend on vain suppose,

Nor with sour looks afflict his gentle heart.

Not so, my lord; the gods of Rome forfend.

I should be author to dishonour you!

But on mine honour dare I undertake.

For good Lord Titus’ innocence in all,.

Whose fury not dissembled speaks his griefs.

Then at my suit look graciously on him;.

Lose not so noble a friend on vain suppose,.

Nor with sour looks afflict his gentle heart.

not so, my lord; the gods of rome forfend.

i should be author to dishonour you!

but on mine honour dare i undertake.

for good lord titus’ innocence in all,.

whose fury not dissembled speaks his griefs.

then at my suit look graciously on him;.

rome comes first

🎭 Dramatic irony Tamora's public advocacy for Titus — 'Lose not so noble a friend on vain suppose' — is immediately undercut by the aside in which she promises to massacre every Andronicus. The audience hears both speeches simultaneously.
[_Aside_.] My lord, be ruled by me, be won at last;
Dissemble all your griefs and discontents.
You are but newly planted in your throne;
Lest, then, the people, and patricians too,
Upon a just survey take Titus’ part,
And so supplant you for ingratitude,
Which Rome reputes to be a heinous sin,
Yield at entreats, and then let me alone.
I’ll find a day to massacre them all,
And raze their faction and their family,
The cruel father and his traitorous sons,
To whom I sued for my dear son’s life;
And make them know what ’tis to let a queen
Kneel in the streets and beg for grace in vain.
[_Aloud_.] Come, come, sweet emperor; come, Andronicus;
Take up this good old man, and cheer the heart
That dies in tempest of thy angry frown.
SATURNINUS [enraged, demanding]

Rise, Titus, rise; my empress hath prevailed.

Rise, Titus, rise; my empress has prevailed.

rise, titus, rise; my empress has prevailed.

rise

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

I thank your majesty and her, my lord.

These words, these looks, infuse new life in me.

I thank your majesty and her, my lord.

These words, these looks, infuse new life in me.

i thank your majesty and her, my lord.

these words, these looks, infuse new life in me.

i thank your majesty and her

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Titus, I am incorporate in Rome,

A Roman now adopted happily,

And must advise the emperor for his good.

This day all quarrels die, Andronicus;

And let it be mine honour, good my lord,

That I have reconciled your friends and you.

For you, Prince Bassianus, I have passed

My word and promise to the emperor

That you will be more mild and tractable.

And fear not, lords, and you, Lavinia.

By my advice, all humbled on your knees,

You shall ask pardon of his majesty.

Titus, I am incorporate in Rome,.

A Roman now adopted happily,.

And must advise the emperor for his good.

This day all quarrels die, Andronicus;.

And let it be mine honour, good my lord,.

That I have reconciled your friends and you.

For you, Prince Bassianus, I have passed.

My word and promise to the emperor.

titus, i am incorporate in rome,.

a roman now adopted happily,.

and must advise the emperor for his good.

this day all quarrels die, andronicus;.

and let it be mine honour, good my lord,.

that i have reconciled your friends and you.

rome comes first

she is everything to me

Why it matters Tamora's public peace-making, immediately after her private vow of massacre, is the play's defining dramatic irony — the audience has just heard the aside.
🎭 Dramatic irony Tamora declares 'This day all quarrels die, Andronicus' while having just privately promised that none of the Andronici will survive her revenge. The most peaceful-sounding line in the scene is also the most lethal.
LUCIUS ≋ verse [loyal, executing duty]

We do, and vow to heaven and to his highness

That what we did was mildly as we might,

Tend’ring our sister’s honour and our own.

We do, and vow to heaven and to his highness.

That what we did was mildly as we might,.

Tend’ring our sister’s honour and our own.

we do, and vow to heaven and to his highness.

that what we did was mildly as we might,.

tend’ring our sister’s honour and our own.

we do

MARCUS [formal, rhetorical]

That on mine honour here do I protest.

That on mine honour here do I protest.

that on mine honour hbefore do i protest.

that on mine honour here do i protest

SATURNINUS [enraged, demanding]

Away, and talk not; trouble us no more.

Away, and talk not; trouble us no more.

away, and talk not; trouble us no more.

away

TAMORA ≋ verse [calculating, strategic]

Nay, nay, sweet emperor, we must all be friends.

The tribune and his nephews kneel for grace;

I will not be denied. Sweet heart, look back.

no, no, sweet emperor, we must all be friends.

The tribune and his nephews kneel for grace;.

I will not be denied. Sweet heart, look back.

nay, nay, sweet emperor, we must all be friends.

the tribune and his nephews kneel for grace;.

i won't be denied. sweet heart, look back.

nay

SATURNINUS ≋ verse [enraged, demanding]

Marcus, for thy sake, and thy brother’s here,

And at my lovely Tamora’s entreats,

I do remit these young men’s heinous faults.

Stand up.

Lavinia, though you left me like a churl,

I found a friend, and sure as death I swore

I would not part a bachelor from the priest.

Come, if the emperor’s court can feast two brides,

You are my guest, Lavinia, and your friends.

This day shall be a love-day, Tamora.

Marcus, for your sake, and your brother’s here,.

And at my lovely Tamora’s entreats,.

I do remit these young men’s heinous faults.

Stand up.

Lavinia, though you left me like a churl,.

I found a friend, and sure as death I swore.

I would not part a bachelor from the priest.

Come, if the emperor’s court can feast two brides,.

marcus, for your sake, and your brother’s hbefore,.

and at my lovely tamora’s entreats,.

i do remit these young men’s heinous faults.

stand up.

lavinia, yough you left me like a churl,.

i found a friend, and sure as death i swore.

she is everything to me

TITUS ≋ verse [formal, commanding]

Tomorrow, an it please your majesty

To hunt the panther and the hart with me,

With horn and hound we’ll give your grace _bonjour_.

Tomorrow, an it please your majesty.

To hunt the panther and the hart with me,.

With horn and hound we’ll give your grace _bonjour_.

tomorrow, an it please your majesty.

to hunt the panther and the hart with me,.

with horn and hound we’ll give your grace _bonjour_.

tomorrow

SATURNINUS [enraged, demanding]

Be it so, Titus, and gramercy too.

Be it so, Titus, and gramercy too.

be it so, titus, and gramercy too.

be it so

[_Sound trumpets. Exeunt all but Aaron._]

The Reckoning

This opening scene packs an entire tragedy's worth of catastrophe into one act: a triumphant general makes every wrong choice available to him, alienating every ally and creating every enemy he will spend the rest of the play unable to fight. The sacrifice of Alarbus plants the seed of Tamora's revenge; the killing of Mutius reveals a man who values Roman honor over his own children's lives. The audience leaves the scene watching Tamora smile — and knowing her smile is a drawn blade.

If this happened today…

Picture a decorated general returning from a long overseas deployment. At the welcome-home ceremony, he publicly executes a prisoner of war over the family's objection, then nominates the most volatile political candidate for president, then kills his own son in a parking-lot argument about a girl — all in one afternoon. A foreign captive he just handed the presidency to whispers to her new husband: 'Let them think you forgave everyone. I'll handle the rest.' The general goes home alone, confused about why the day went wrong.

Continue to 2.1 →