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Act 3, Scene 5 — The heath.
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The argument Hecate, goddess of witchcraft, scolds the three witches for dealing with Macbeth without her. She announces she will prepare a trap for him — using overconfidence as the weapon.
Thunder. Enter the three Witches meeting Hecate.
FIRST WITCH FIRST WITCH

Why, how now, Hecate? you look angerly.

Why, how now, Hecate? you look angerly.

why, how now, hecate? you look angerly.

why, how now, hecate? you look angerly.

HECATE ≋ verse HECATE

Have I not reason, beldams as you are,

Saucy and overbold? How did you dare

To trade and traffic with Macbeth

In riddles and affairs of death;

And I, the mistress of your charms,

The close contriver of all harms,

Was never call’d to bear my part,

Or show the glory of our art?

And, which is worse, all you have done

Hath been but for a wayward son,

Spiteful and wrathful; who, as others do,

Loves for his own ends, not for you.

But make amends now: get you gone,

And at the pit of Acheron

Meet me i’ th’ morning: thither he

Will come to know his destiny.

Your vessels and your spells provide,

Your charms, and everything beside.

I am for th’ air; this night I’ll spend

Unto a dismal and a fatal end.

Great business must be wrought ere noon.

Upon the corner of the moon

There hangs a vap’rous drop profound;

I’ll catch it ere it come to ground:

And that, distill’d by magic sleights,

Shall raise such artificial sprites,

As, by the strength of their illusion,

Shall draw him on to his confusion.

He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear

His hopes ’bove wisdom, grace, and fear.

And you all know, security

Is mortals’ chiefest enemy.

Have I not reason, beldams as you are, Saucy and overbold? How did you dare To trade and traffic with Macbeth In riddles and affairs of death; And I, the mistress of your charms, The close contriver of all harms, Was never call’d to bear my part, Or show the glory of our art? And, which is worse, all you have done Hath been but for a wayward son, Spiteful and wrathful; who, as others do, Loves for his own ends, not for you. But make amends now: get you gone, And at the pit of Acheron Meet me i’ th’ morning: thither he Will come to know his destiny. Your vessels and your spells provide, Your charms, and everything beside. I am for th’ air; this night I’ll spend Unto a dismal and a fatal end. Great business must be wrought ere noon. Upon the corner of the moon There hangs a vap’rous drop profound; I’ll catch it ere it come to ground: And that, distill’d by magic sleights, Shall raise such artificial sprites, As, by the strength of their illusion, Shall draw him on to his confusion. He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear His hopes ’bove wisdom, grace, and fear. And you all know, security Is mortals’ chiefest enemy.

have i not reason, beldams as you are, saucy and overbold? how did you dare to trade and traffic with macbeth in riddles and affairs of death; and i, the mistress of your charms, the close contriver of all harms, was never call’d to bear my part, or show the glory of our art? and, which is worse, all you have done hath been but for a wayward son, spiteful and wrathful; who, as others do, loves for his own ends, not for you. but make amends now: get you gone, and at the pit of acheron meet me i’ th’ morning: thither he will come to know his destiny. your vessels and your spells provide, your charms, and everything beside. i am for th’ air; this night i’ll spend unto a dismal and a fatal end. great business must be wrought ere noon. upon the corner of the moon there hangs a vap’rous drop profound; i’ll catch it ere it come to ground: and that, distill’d by magic sleights, shall raise such artificial sprites, as, by the strength of their illusion, shall draw him on to his confusion. he shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear his hopes ’bove wisdom, grace, and fear. and you all know, security is mortals’ chiefest enemy.

have i not reason, beldams as you are, saucy and overbold? h

"security is mortals' chiefest enemy" Hecate names the mechanism of classical tragedy: overconfidence. Macbeth will leave the witches' cave believing himself invincible. That belief is the trap.
Why it matters Hecate names what Macbeth will do: embrace false security. This line is the key to Acts 4 and 5.
🎭 Dramatic irony The audience now knows the witches' second set of prophecies will be a trap. Macbeth does not know this when he demands prophecy in Act 4. His confidence in the apparitions is therefore ironic from the moment he receives them.
[_Music and song within, “Come away, come away” &c._]
Hark! I am call’d; my little spirit, see,
Sits in a foggy cloud and stays for me.
[_Exit._]
FIRST WITCH FIRST WITCH

Come, let’s make haste; she’ll soon be back again.

Come, let’s make haste; she’ll soon be back again.

come, let’s make haste; she’ll soon be back again.

come, let’s make haste; she’ll soon be back again.

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

A brief, tonally odd scene. Hecate speaks in tetrameter (four-beat lines) rather than the blank verse of the rest of the play, and her rebuke has a somewhat formal, almost operatic quality that feels different from the witches' previous scenes. She announces that she will manufacture prophecies designed to make Macbeth feel invincible — and that his overconfidence will destroy him. The scene functions as a spoiler for Act 4: we are told the mechanism of Macbeth's destruction before he walks into it. Hecate's line 'He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear / His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear' — describes exactly what Macbeth does after the witches' second prophecies.

If this happened today…

The senior partner of a firm finds out that two junior associates have been running an off-the-books client engagement. She's not angry that they're doing something morally questionable — she's angry they cut her out. Now she's going to handle it herself, and her plan is more sophisticated: give the client exactly what he wants to hear, and let his own hubris be the trap.

Continue to 3.6 →