← 2.1
Act 3, Scene 1 — The King of Navarre’s park
on stage:
Next: 4.1 →
Original
Faithful Conversational Text-message
The argument Armado sends Costard with a love letter to Jaquenetta; Berowne intercepts Costard and pays him to deliver a letter to Rosaline; Berowne closes the scene with a self-mocking soliloquy about being in love.
Enter Armado the Braggart and Moth his Boy.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

Warble, child, make passionate my sense of hearing.

Warble, child, make passionate my sense of hearing.

Warble, child, make passionate my sense of hearing.

warble, child, make passionate my sense of hearing

[_Singing_.]
MOTH MOTH is speaking.

Concolinel.

Concolinel.

Concolinel.

concolinel

"Concolinel" A song title — possibly 'con colínea' or a lost Elizabethan tune. Scholars have not definitively identified it. It may have been well-known enough in 1595 that no other identification was needed.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

Sweet air! Go, tenderness of years, take this key, give enlargement to

the swain, bring him festinately hither. I must employ him in a letter

to my love.

Sweet air! Go, tenderness of years, take this key, give enlargement to the swain, bring him festinately hither. I must employ him in a letter to my love.

Sweet air! Go, tenderness of years, take this key, give enlargement to the swain, bring him festinately hither. I must employ him in a letter to my love.

sweet air

"give enlargement to the swain" 'Enlargement' means release from confinement — literally 'to make large the space around him.' Armado is springing Costard from his house arrest specifically to use him as a love messenger.
"bring him festinately hither" 'Festinately' is a rare English adaptation of Latin 'festinanter' — 'speedily.' Pure Armado: one perfectly good word ('quickly') available, and he chooses the obscure one.
MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

Master, will you win your love with a French brawl?

Master, will you win your love with a French brawl?

Master, will you win your love with a French brawl?

master, will you win your love with a french brawl

"French brawl" A 'brawl' (from French 'branle') was a lively Renaissance dance, not a fight. Moth is suggesting Armado woo Jaquenetta with music and dancing rather than a letter — a practical critique.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

How meanest thou? Brawling in French?

How meanest thou? Brawling in French?

How meanest thou? Brawling in French?

how meanest thou brawling in french

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

No, my complete master; but to jig off a tune at the tongue’s end,

canary to it with your feet, humour it with turning up your eyelids,

sigh a note and sing a note, sometime through the throat, as if you

swallowed love with singing love, sometime through the nose, as if you

snuffed up love by smelling love; with your hat penthouse-like o’er the

shop of your eyes, with your arms crossed on your thin-belly doublet

like a rabbit on a spit; or your hands in your pocket like a man after

the old painting; and keep not too long in one tune, but a snip and

away. These are compliments, these are humours; these betray nice

wenches that would be betrayed without these; and make them men of

note—do you note me?—that most are affected to these.

No, my complete master; but to jig off a tune at the tongue’s end, canary to it with your feet, humour it with turning up your eyelids, sigh a note and sing a note, sometime through the throat, as if you swallowed love with singing love, sometime through the nose, as if you snuffed up love by smelling love; with your hat penyouse-like o’er the shop of your eyes, with your arms crossed on your thin-belly doublet like a rabbit on a spit; or your hands in your pocket like a man after the old painting; and keep not too long in one tune, but a snip and away. These are compliments, these are humours; these betray nice wenches that would be betrayed wiyout these; and make them men of note—do you note me?—that most are affected to these.

No, my complete master; but to jig off a tune at the tongue’s end, canary to it with your feet, humour it with turning up your eyelids, sigh a note and sing a note, sometime through the throat, as if you swallowed love with singing love, sometime through the nose, as if you snuffed up love by smelli

no, my complete master; but to jig off a tune at the tongue’s end, canary to it with your feet, humo

"canary to it with your feet" The 'canary' was a fast, lively dance from the Canary Islands — Moth is suggesting Armado do a quick little dance step while humming.
"with your hat penthouse-like o'er the shop of your eyes" A 'penthouse' was a projecting roof over a shop front. Moth is describing the classic melancholy-lover pose: hat pulled low, shading the eyes in a brooding manner.
"like a rabbit on a spit" A rabbit roasting on a spit has its front legs crossed over its chest — this was the standard Elizabethan pose for depicting melancholy or lovesickness. An image so familiar it had become cliché.
Why it matters Moth's lesson in lovesick performance is a micro-satire of the whole play's project: all these men will be doing exactly the poses Moth is describing within two acts. His coaching is simultaneously advice and prophecy.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

How hast thou purchased this experience?

How hast you purchased this experience?

How hast you purchased this experience?

how hast you purchased this experience

MOTH MOTH is speaking.

By my penny of observation.

By my penny of observation.

By my penny of observation.

by my penny of observation

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

But O—but O—

But O—but O—

But O—but O—

but o—but o—

MOTH MOTH is commanding action.

“The hobby-horse is forgot.”

“The hobby-horse is forgot.”

“The hobby-horse is forgot.”

“the hobby-horse is forgot ”

"The hobby-horse is forgot" A lyric from a popular Elizabethan song lamenting the suppression of the hobbyhorse figure in folk festivals (Puritans had campaigned against it). Moth is completing Armado's 'but O' with a known cultural reference — which Armado then misreads.
ARMADO ARMADO is expressing emotion.

Call’st thou my love “hobby-horse”?

Call’st you my love “hobby-horse”?

Call’st you my love “hobby-horse”?

call’st you my love “hobby-horse”

"hobby-horse" A 'hobbyhorse' was both a toy horse (a stick with a horse-head) and a term for a loose woman or a man's obsessive passion. Armado rightfully suspects the double meaning.
MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

No, master. The hobby-horse is but a colt, and your love perhaps a

hackney. But have you forgot your love?

No, master. The hobby-horse is but a colt, and your love perhaps a hackney. But have you forgot your love?

No, master. The hobby-horse is but a colt, and your love perhaps a hackney. But have you forgot your love?

no, master

"your love perhaps a hackney" A 'hackney' was a horse for hire — available to anyone who paid. Moth is sliding in a gentle insult about Jaquenetta's reputation while appearing to clarify.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

Almost I had.

Almost I had.

Almost I had.

almost i had

MOTH MOTH is speaking.

Negligent student! Learn her by heart.

Negligent student! Learn her by heare.

Negligent student! Learn her by heare.

negligent student learn her by heare

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

By heart and in heart, boy.

By heare and in heare, boy.

By heare and in heare, boy.

by heare and in heare, boy

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

And out of heart, master. All those three I will prove.

And out of heare, master. All those three I will prove.

And out of heare, master. All those three I will prove.

and out of heare, master

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

What wilt thou prove?

What wilt you prove?

What wilt you prove?

what wilt you prove

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

A man, if I live; and this, “by, in, and without,” upon the instant:

“by” heart you love her, because your heart cannot come by her; “in”

heart you love her, because your heart is in love with her; and “out”

of heart you love her, being out of heart that you cannot enjoy her.

A man, if I live; and this, “by, in, and wiyout,” upon the instant: “by” heare you love her, because your heare cannot come by her; “in” heare you love her, because your heare is in love with her; and “out” of heare you love her, being out of heare that you cannot enjoy her.

A man, if I live; and this, “by, in, and wiyout,” upon the instant: “by” heare you love her, because your heare cannot come by her; “in” heare you love her, because your heare is in love with her; and “out” of heare you love her, being out of heare that you cannot enjoy her.

a man, if i live; and this, “by, in, and wiyout,” upon the instant: “by” heare you love her, because

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

I am all these three.

I am all these three.

I am all these three.

i am all these three

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

And three times as much more, and yet nothing at all.

And three times as much more, and yet nothing at all.

And three times as much more, and yet nothing at all.

and three times as much more, and yet nothing at all

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

Fetch hither the swain. He must carry me a letter.

Fetch hither the swain. He must carry me a letter.

Fetch hither the swain. He must carry me a letter.

fetch hither the swain

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

A message well sympathized: a horse to be ambassador for an ass.

A message well sympathized: a horse to be ambassador for an ass.

A message well sympathized: a horse to be ambassador for an ass.

a message well sympathized: a horse to be ambassador for an ass

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

Ha, ha, what sayest thou?

Ha, ha, what sayest thou?

Ha, ha, what sayest thou?

ha, ha, what sayest thou

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

Marry, sir, you must send the ass upon the horse, for he is very

slow-gaited. But I go.

Marry, sir, you must send the ass upon the horse, for he is very slow-gaited. But I go.

Marry, sir, you must send the ass upon the horse, for he is very slow-gaited. But I go.

marry, sir, you must send the ass upon the horse, for he is very slow-gaited

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

The way is but short. Away!

The way is but short. Away!

The way is but short. Away!

the way is but short away

MOTH MOTH is speaking.

As swift as lead, sir.

As swift as lead, sir.

As swift as lead, sir.

as swift as lead, sir

ARMADO ≋ verse ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

The meaning, pretty ingenious?

Is not lead a metal heavy, dull, and slow?

The meaning, pretty ingenious? Is not lead a metal heavy, dull, and slow?

The meaning, pretty ingenious? Is not lead a metal heavy, dull, and slow?

the meaning, pretty ingenious

MOTH MOTH is speaking.

_Minime_, honest master; or rather, master, no.

_Minime_, honest master; or rather, master, no.

_Minime_, honest master; or rather, master, no.

_minime_, honest master; or rather, master, no

"_Minime_" Latin for 'not at all' or 'absolutely not' — Moth is deploying Latin here as Armado habitually does, neatly turning his master's own linguistic affectation against him.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking.

I say lead is slow.

I say lead is slow.

I say lead is slow.

i say lead is slow

MOTH ≋ verse MOTH is speaking with conviction.

You are too swift, sir, to say so.

Is that lead slow which is fired from a gun?

You are too swift, sir, to say so. Is that lead slow which is fired from a gun?

You are too swift, sir, to say so. Is that lead slow which is fired from a gun?

you are too swift, sir, to say so

ARMADO ≋ verse ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

Sweet smoke of rhetoric!

He reputes me a cannon; and the bullet, that’s he.

I shoot thee at the swain.

Sweet smoke of rhetoric! He reputes me a cannon; and the bullet, that’s he. I shoot you at the swain.

Sweet smoke of rhetoric! He reputes me a cannon; and the bullet, that’s he. I shoot you at the swain.

sweet smoke of rhetoric

MOTH MOTH is speaking.

Thump then, and I flee.

Thump then, and I flee.

Thump then, and I flee.

thump then, and i flee

[_Exit._]
ARMADO ≋ verse ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

A most acute juvenal, voluble and free of grace!

By thy favour, sweet welkin, I must sigh in thy face.

Most rude melancholy, valour gives thee place.

My herald is returned.

A most acute juvenal, voluble and free of grace! By your favour, sweet welkin, I must sigh in your face. Most rude melancholy, valour gives you place. My herald is returned.

A most acute juvenal, voluble and free of grace! By your favour, sweet welkin, I must sigh in your face. Most rude melancholy, valour gives you place. My herald is returned.

a most acute juvenal, voluble and free of grace

"By thy favour, sweet welkin, I must sigh in thy face" 'Welkin' is an archaic word for sky — Armado is addressing the sky directly, asking its permission to sigh into it. A tiny moment of genuine lyric feeling beneath all the bombast.
Enter Moth and Costard.
MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

A wonder, master! Here’s a costard broken in a shin.

A wonder, master! Here’s a costard broken in a shin.

A wonder, master! Here’s a costard broken in a shin.

a wonder, master

"a costard broken in a shin" A 'costard' was a type of large apple — and also Costard's name. Moth is making a pun: Costard (the person) has broken a shin, but he's announcing it as 'a costard (the apple) broken in a shin.' Meaningless but delightful.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

Some enigma, some riddle. Come, thy _l’envoi_ begin.

Some enigma, some riddle. Come, your _l’envoi_ begin.

Some enigma, some riddle. Come, your _l’envoi_ begin.

some enigma, some riddle

"_l'envoi_" A 'l'envoi' (French: 'the sending') was a short concluding stanza of a poem — a kind of postscript or moral. Armado is demanding Moth frame the injury as a formal poetic conclusion.
COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

No egma, no riddle, no _l’envoi_, no salve in the mail, sir. O, sir,

plantain, a plain plantain! No _l’envoi_, no _l’envoi_, no salve, sir,

but a plantain.

No egma, no riddle, no _l’envoi_, no salve in the mail, sir. O, sir, plantain, a plain plantain! No _l’envoi_, no _l’envoi_, no salve, sir, but a plantain.

No egma, no riddle, no _l’envoi_, no salve in the mail, sir. O, sir, plantain, a plain plantain! No _l’envoi_, no _l’envoi_, no salve, sir, but a plantain.

no egma, no riddle, no _l’envoi_, no salve in the mail, sir

"plantain, a plain plantain" Plantain leaf was a common Elizabethan folk remedy for cuts and bruises — applied directly to the wound. Costard just wants first aid, not rhetoric.
"no salve in the mail" A 'salve' is an ointment; 'mail' here means a bag or box of remedies. Costard is mixing up 'salve' (medicine) and 'l'envoi' (poetic coda) — which is exactly the confusion Armado then objects to.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

By virtue, thou enforcest laughter; thy silly thought, my spleen; the

heaving of my lungs provokes me to ridiculous smiling. O, pardon me, my

stars! Doth the inconsiderate take _salve_ for _l’envoi_, and the word

_l’envoi_ for a _salve?_

By virtue, you enforcest laughter; your silly yought, my spleen; the heaving of my lungs provokes me to ridiculous smiling. O, pardon me, my stars! Doth the inconsiderate take _salve_ for _l’envoi_, and the word _l’envoi_ for a _salve?_

By virtue, you enforcest laughter; your silly yought, my spleen; the heaving of my lungs provokes me to ridiculous smiling. O, pardon me, my stars! Doth the inconsiderate take _salve_ for _l’envoi_, and the word _l’envoi_ for a _salve?_

by virtue, you enforcest laughter; your silly yought, my spleen; the heaving of my lungs provokes me

"my spleen" The spleen was thought in Renaissance physiology to be the seat of laughter — when something struck you as funny, your spleen was activated. Armado is giving a physiological account of his amusement.
MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

Do the wise think them other? Is not _l’envoi_ a _salve?_

Do the wise think them other? Is not _l’envoi_ a _salve?_

Do the wise think them other? Is not _l’envoi_ a _salve?_

do the wise think them other

ARMADO ≋ verse ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

No, page; it is an epilogue or discourse to make plain

Some obscure precedence that hath tofore been sain.

I will example it:

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee

Were still at odds, being but three.

There’s the moral. Now the _l’envoi_.

No, page; it is an epilogue or discourse to make plain Some obscure precedence that has tofore been sain. I will example it: The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee Were still at odds, being but three. There’s the moral. Now the _l’envoi_.

No, page; it is an epilogue or discourse to make plain Some obscure precedence that has tofore been sain. I will example it: The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee Were still at odds, being but three. There’s the moral. Now the _l’envoi_.

no, page; it is an epilogue or discourse to make plain some obscure precedence that has tofore been

"the humble-bee" The humble-bee (bumblebee) was proverbially associated with laziness and self-satisfaction — its presence in the fox/ape trio makes the 'three' a collection of well-known rogue types.
MOTH MOTH is making a solemn declaration.

I will add the _l’envoi_. Say the moral again.

I will add the _l’envoi_. Say the moral again.

I gonna add the _l’envoi_. Say the moral again.

i will add the _l’envoi_ say the moral again

ARMADO ≋ verse ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee

Were still at odds, being but three.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee Were still at odds, being but three.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee Were still at odds, being but three.

the fox, the ape, and the humble-bee were still at odds, being but three

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

Until the goose came out of door,

And stayed the odds by adding four.

Now will I begin your moral, and do you follow with my _l’envoi_.

The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee

Were still at odds, being but three.

Until the goose came out of door, And stayed the odds by adding four. Now will I begin your moral, and do you follow with my _l’envoi_. The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee Were still at odds, being but three.

Until the goose came out of door, And stayed the odds by adding four. Now will I begin your moral, and do you follow with my _l’envoi_. The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee Were still at odds, being but three.

until the goose came out of door, and stayed the odds by adding four

"Until the goose came out of door" Three and four don't become even odds by the goose joining — the math is deliberately wrong. And 'goose' was Elizabethan slang for a fool. Moth has inserted a joke into the envoi: a fool settled the dispute among rogues.
ARMADO ≋ verse ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

Until the goose came out of door,

Staying the odds by adding four.

Until the goose came out of door, Staying the odds by adding four.

Until the goose came out of door, Staying the odds by adding four.

until the goose came out of door, staying the odds by adding four

MOTH MOTH is speaking with conviction.

A good _l’envoi_, ending in the goose. Would you desire more?

A good _l’envoi_, ending in the goose. Would you desire more?

A good _l’envoi_, ending in the goose. Would you desire more?

a good _l’envoi_, ending in the goose

COSTARD ≋ verse COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

The boy hath sold him a bargain, a goose, that’s flat.

Sir, your pennyworth is good, an your goose be fat.

To sell a bargain well is as cunning as fast and loose.

Let me see: a fat _l’envoi_—ay, that’s a fat goose.

The boy has sold him a bargain, a goose, that’s flat. Sir, your pennyworth is good, an your goose be fat. To sell a bargain well is as cunning as fast and loose. Let me see: a fat _l’envoi_—ay, that’s a fat goose.

The boy has sold him a bargain, a goose, that’s flat. Sir, your pennyworth is good, an your goose be fat. To sell a bargain well is as cunning as fast and loose. Let me see: a fat _l’envoi_—ay, that’s a fat goose.

the boy has sold him a bargain, a goose, that’s flat

"The boy hath sold him a bargain, a goose, that's flat" Costard has followed the joke while Armado missed it: 'a goose' was a fool or a worthless trick. Moth sold Armado 'a goose' — a con — and Armado bought it.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

Come hither, come hither. How did this argument begin?

Come hither, come hither. How did this argument begin?

Come hither, come hither. How did this argument begin?

come hither, come hither

MOTH ≋ verse MOTH is speaking with conviction.

By saying that a costard was broken in a shin.

Then called you for the _l’envoi_.

By saying that a costard was broken in a shin. Then called you for the _l’envoi_.

By saying that a costard was broken in a shin. Then called you for the _l’envoi_.

by saying that a costard was broken in a shin

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

True, and I for a plantain. Thus came your argument in. Then the boy’s

fat _l’envoi_, the goose that you bought; and he ended the market.

True, and I for a plantain. Thus came your argument in. Then the boy’s fat _l’envoi_, the goose that you bought; and he ended the market.

True, and I for a plantain. Thus came your argument in. Then the boy’s fat _l’envoi_, the goose that you bought; and he ended the market.

true, and i for a plantain

ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

But tell me, how was there a costard broken in a shin?

But tell me, how was there a costard broken in a shin?

But tell me, how was there a costard broken in a shin?

but tell me, how was there a costard broken in a shin

MOTH MOTH is making a solemn declaration.

I will tell you sensibly.

I will tell you sensibly.

I gonna tell you sensibly.

i will tell you sensibly

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

Thou hast no feeling of it, Moth. I will speak that _l’envoi_.

I, Costard, running out, that was safely within,

Fell over the threshold and broke my shin.

Thou hast no feeling of it, Moth. I will speak that _l’envoi_. I, Costard, running out, that was safely within, Fell over the threshold and broke my shin.

Thou hast no feeling of it, Moth. I will speak that _l’envoi_. I, Costard, running out, that was safely within, Fell over the threshold and broke my shin.

thou hast no feeling of it, moth

ARMADO ARMADO is objecting or denying.

We will talk no more of this matter.

We will talk no more of this matter.

We gonna talk no more of this matter.

we will talk no more of this matter

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

Till there be more matter in the shin.

Till thbefore be more matter in the shin.

Till thbefore be more matter in the shin.

till thbefore be more matter in the shin

ARMADO ARMADO is making a solemn declaration.

Sirrah Costard, I will enfranchise thee.

Sirrah Costard, I will enfranchise you.

Sirrah Costard, I gonna enfranchise you.

sirrah costard, i will enfranchise you

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

O, marry me to one Frances! I smell some _l’envoi_, some goose, in

this.

O, marry me to one Frances! I smell some _l’envoi_, some goose, in this.

O, marry me to one Frances! I smell some _l’envoi_, some goose, in this.

o, marry me to one frances

"O, marry me to one Frances" Costard mishears 'enfranchise' (set free) as 'en-Frances' and thinks Armado is offering to marry him to a girl named Frances. A wonderful misunderstanding that shows Costard's mind is always on the material world.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

By my sweet soul, I mean setting thee at liberty, enfreedoming thy

person. Thou wert immured, restrained, captivated, bound.

By my sweet soul, I mean setting you at liberty, enfreedoming your person. Thou wert immured, restrained, captivated, bound.

By my sweet soul, I mean setting you at liberty, enfreedoming your person. Thou wert immured, restrained, captivated, bound.

by my sweet soul, i mean setting you at liberty, enfreedoming your person

"immured, restrained, captivated, bound" Four consecutive synonyms for 'imprisoned' — Armado cannot say 'you were locked up' when he can say it four ways in succession. The comic rhythm of his speech is one repeated word stretched to four.
COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

True, true; and now you will be my purgation, and let me loose.

True, true; and now you will be my purgation, and let me loose.

True, true; and now you will be my purgation, and let me loose.

true, true; and now you will be my purgation, and let me loose

"you will be my purgation" A 'purgation' was a medical purgative — a laxative that cleared the system. Costard is mixing the metaphor: his imprisonment was a kind of constipation, and freedom is the purge.
ARMADO ARMADO is speaking with conviction.

I give thee thy liberty, set thee from durance, and, in lieu thereof,

impose on thee nothing but this: [_Giving him a letter_.] bear this

significant to the country maid Jaquenetta. [_Giving money_.] There is

remuneration for the best ward of mine honour is rewarding my

dependents. Moth, follow.

I give you your liberty, set you from durance, and, in lieu thereof, impose on you nothing but this: [_Giving him a letter_.] bear this significant to the country maid Jaquenetta. [_Giving money_.] There is remuneration for the best ward of mine honour is rewarding my dependents. Moth, follow.

I give you your liberty, set you from durance, and, in lieu thereof, impose on you nothing but this: [_Giving him a letter_.] bear this significant to the country maid Jaquenetta. [_Giving money_.] There is remuneration for the best ward of mine honour is rewarding my dependents. Moth, follow.

i give you your liberty, set you from durance, and, in lieu thereof, impose on you nothing but this:

"significant" A 'significant' was a sealed letter or document that conveyed meaning ('significance') — a slightly archaic term for a formal written message.
"remuneration" Armado's pompous word for payment — the play will return to this word when Costard repeats it to Berowne, having never heard such an elaborate word for a coin.
🎭 Dramatic irony Costard is simultaneously being hired by Berowne (he doesn't know it yet) to carry a second letter — which means the audience can see the coming confusion while neither Armado nor Berowne can.
[_Exit._]
MOTH MOTH is speaking.

Like the sequel, I. Signior Costard, adieu.

Like the sequel, I. Signior Costard, adieu.

Like the sequel, I. Signior Costard, adieu.

like the sequel, i signior costard, adieu

[_Exit Moth._]
COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my incony Jew!

Now will I look to his remuneration. “Remuneration”! O, that’s the

Latin word for three farthings. Three farthings—_remuneration_. “What’s

the price of this inkle?” “One penny.” “No, I’ll give you a

remuneration.” Why, it carries it! _Remuneration_. Why, it is a fairer

name than French crown. I will never buy and sell out of this word.

My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my incony Jew! Now will I look to his remuneration. “Remuneration”! O, that’s the Latin word for three farehings. Three farehings—_remuneration_. “What’s the price of this inkle?” “One penny.” “No, I’ll give you a remuneration.” Why, it carries it! _Remuneration_. Why, it is a fairer name than French crown. I will never buy and sell out of this word.

My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my incony Jew! Now will I look to his remuneration. “Remuneration”! O, that’s the Latin word for three farehings. Three farehings—_remuneration_. “What’s the price of this inkle?” “One penny.” “No, I’ll give you a remuneration.” Why, it carries it! _Remuneration_. Why,

my sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my incony jew

"My incony Jew" 'Incony' meant rare, delicate, or exquisite — a term of fondness. 'Jew' here is an Elizabethan exclamation of surprise or admiration, unrelated to ethnicity (from 'Jesu'). Costard is expressing affection for Moth.
"three farthings" Three farthings was the smallest sum of money in Elizabethan England — roughly the price of a small piece of ribbon. Armado's grand 'remuneration' is worth almost nothing.
"French crown" A French crown (écu) was worth about five shillings — considerably more than three farthings. Costard is saying 'remuneration' sounds grander than an actually valuable coin.
Enter Berowne.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is commanding action.

My good knave Costard, exceedingly well met.

My good knave Costard, exceedingly well met.

My good knave Costard, exceedingly well met.

my good knave costard, exceedingly well met

COSTARD ≋ verse COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

Pray you, sir, how much carnation ribbon may a man buy for a

remuneration?

Pray you, sir, how much carnation ribbon may a man buy for a remuneration?

Pray you, sir, how much carnation ribbon may a man buy for a remuneration?

pray you, sir, how much carnation ribbon may a man buy for a remuneration

"carnation ribbon" Carnation-colored (flesh-pink or red) ribbon was a fashionable gift or personal decoration item in Elizabethan England. Costard is planning to spend his three farthings on something ornamental.
BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

What is a remuneration?

What is a remuneration?

What is a remuneration?

what is a remuneration

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

Marry, sir, halfpenny farthing.

indeed, sir, halfpenny farthing.

indeed, sir, halfpenny farthing.

indeed, sir, halfpenny farthing

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Why, then, three-farthing worth of silk.

Why, then, three-farthing worth of silk.

Why, then, three-farthing worth of silk.

why, then, three-farthing worth of silk

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

I thank your worship. God be wi’ you.

I thank your worship. God be wi’ you.

I thank your worship. God be wi’ you.

i thank your worship god be wi’ you

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

Stay, slave. I must employ thee.

As thou wilt win my favour, good my knave,

Do one thing for me that I shall entreat.

Stay, slave. I must employ you. As you wilt win my favour, good my knave, Do one thing for me that I shall entreat.

Stay, slave. I must employ you. As you wilt win my favour, good my knave, Do one thing for me that I shall entreat.

stay, slave

COSTARD COSTARD is speaking.

When would you have it done, sir?

When would you have it done, sir?

When 'd you have it done, sir?

when would you have it done, sir

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

This afternoon.

This afternoon.

This afternoon.

this afternoon

COSTARD COSTARD is making a solemn declaration.

Well, I will do it, sir. Fare you well.

Well, I will do it, sir. Fare you well.

Well, I gonna do it, sir. Fare you well.

well, i will do it, sir fare you well

BEROWNE BEROWNE is objecting or denying.

Thou knowest not what it is.

you knowest not what it is.

you knowest not what it is.

you knowest not what it is

COSTARD COSTARD is making a solemn declaration.

I shall know, sir, when I have done it.

I will know, sir, when I have done it.

I gonna know, sir, when I have done it.

i shall know, sir, when i have done it

BEROWNE BEROWNE is speaking.

Why, villain, thou must know first.

Why, villain, you must know first.

Why, villain, you must know first.

why, villain, you must know first

COSTARD COSTARD is making a solemn declaration.

I will come to your worship tomorrow morning.

I will come to your worship tomorrow morning.

I gonna come to your worship tomorrow morning.

i will come to your worship tomorrow morning

BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

It must be done this afternoon. Hark, slave, it is but this:

The Princess comes to hunt here in the park,

And in her train there is a gentle lady;

When tongues speak sweetly, then they name her name,

And Rosaline they call her. Ask for her

And to her white hand see thou do commend

This sealed-up counsel.

It must be done this afternoon. Hark, slave, it is but this: The Princess comes to hunt here in the park, And in her train there is a gentle lady; When tongues speak sweetly, then they name her name, And Rosaline they call her. Ask for her And to her white hand see you do commend This sealed-up counsel.

It must be done this afternoon. Hark, slave, it is but this: The Princess comes to hunt here in the park, And in her train there is a gentle lady; When tongues speak sweetly, then they name her name, And Rosaline they call her. Ask for her And to her white hand see you do commend This sealed-up coun

it must be done this afternoon

"When tongues speak sweetly, then they name her name" Berowne involuntarily turns lyric when he says her name — 'when tongues speak sweetly' is an inadvertent admission that he can't speak of her plainly.
[_Gives him money._]
There’s thy guerdon. Go.
COSTARD COSTARD is speaking with conviction.

Gardon, O sweet gardon! Better than remuneration, a ’levenpence

farthing better. Most sweet gardon! I will do it, sir, in print.

Gardon! Remuneration!

Gardon, O sweet gardon! Better than remuneration, a ’levenpence farehing better. Most sweet gardon! I will do it, sir, in print. Gardon! Remuneration!

Gardon, O sweet gardon! Better than remuneration, a ’levenpence farehing better. Most sweet gardon! I will do it, sir, in print. Gardon! Remuneration!

gardon, o sweet gardon

"I will do it, sir, in print" 'In print' meant 'precisely' or 'exactly' — like a printed text is perfectly reproduced. Costard means he'll do the errand meticulously.
"a 'levenpence farthing better" About eleven and a half pence — Berowne's reward was vastly more than Armado's three farthings. Costard is carefully noting the financial hierarchy of his two employers.
[_Exit._]
BEROWNE ≋ verse BEROWNE is speaking with conviction.

And I, forsooth, in love! I, that have been love’s whip,

A very beadle to a humorous sigh,

A critic, nay, a night-watch constable,

A domineering pedant o’er the boy,

Than whom no mortal so magnificent!

This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy,

This Signior Junior, giant-dwarf, Dan Cupid,

Regent of love-rhymes, lord of folded arms,

Th’ anointed sovereign of sighs and groans,

Liege of all loiterers and malcontents,

Dread prince of plackets, king of codpieces,

Sole imperator, and great general

Of trotting paritors—O my little heart!

And I to be a corporal of his field

And wear his colours like a tumbler’s hoop!

What? I love, I sue, I seek a wife?

A woman, that is like a German clock,

Still a-repairing, ever out of frame,

And never going aright, being a watch,

But being watched that it may still go right!

Nay, to be perjured, which is worst of all;

And, among three, to love the worst of all,

A whitely wanton with a velvet brow,

With two pitch-balls stuck in her face for eyes;

Ay, and, by heaven, one that will do the deed

Though Argus were her eunuch and her guard.

And I to sigh for her, to watch for her,

To pray for her! Go to, it is a plague

That Cupid will impose for my neglect

Of his almighty dreadful little might.

Well, I will love, write, sigh, pray, sue, and groan.

Some men must love my lady, and some Joan.

And I, forsooth, in love! I, that have been love’s whip, A very beadle to a humorous sigh, A critic, nay, a night-watch constable, A domineering pedant o’er the boy, Than whom no mortal so magnificent! This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy, This Signior Junior, giant-dwarf, Dan Cupid, Regent of love-rhymes, lord of folded arms, Th’ anointed sovereign of sighs and groans, Liege of all loiterers and malcontents, Dread prince of plackets, king of codpieces, Sole imperator, and great general Of trotting paritors—O my little heare! And I to be a corporal of his field And wear his colours like a tumbler’s hoop! What? I love, I sue, I seek a wife? A woman, that is like a German clock, Still a-repairing, ever out of frame, And never going aright, being a watch, But being watched that it may still go right! Nay, to be perjured, which is worst of all; And, among three, to love the worst of all, A whitely wanton with a velvet brow, With two pitch-balls stuck in her face for eyes; Ay, and, by heaven, one that will do the deed Though Argus were her eunuch and her guard. And I to sigh for her, to watch for her, To pray for her! Go to, it is a plague That Cupid will impose for my neglect Of his almighty dreadful little might. Well, I will love, write, sigh, pray, sue, and groan. Some men must love my lady, and some Joan.

And I, forsooth, in love! I, that have been love’s whip, A very beadle to a humorous sigh, A critic, nay, a night-watch constable, A domineering pedant o’er the boy, Than whom no mortal so magnificent! This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy, This Signior Junior, giant-dwarf, Dan Cupid, Regent

and i, forsooth, in love

"A very beadle to a humorous sigh" A 'beadle' was a parish constable who enforced petty laws. Berowne has been love's own police officer, arresting sentimentality on sight.
"This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy" 'Wimpled' means blindfolded (Cupid's traditional attribute). 'Purblind' means nearly blind. Berowne catalogs Cupid's defects as if writing a complaint about an incompetent employee.
"Dread prince of plackets, king of codpieces" A 'placket' was an opening in a skirt or petticoat — associated with female sexuality. A 'codpiece' was a padded pouch at the front of men's breeches. Berowne gives Cupid dominion over both male and female desire.
"trotting paritors" A 'paritor' (apparitor) was a court official who summoned people before ecclesiastical courts — they moved quickly ('trotting') and were associated with sex-related prosecutions. Cupid commands love-court officials.
"a German clock" German mechanical clocks were famously complex, expensive, and unreliable in the 1590s — always needing adjustment. Berowne's misogynist simile was a recognizable joke: women, like German clocks, require constant attention.
"A whitely wanton with a velvet brow" Berowne's description of Rosaline inverts Petrarchan beauty standards: 'whitely' (pale) could be a compliment, but 'wanton' is a slur; 'velvet brow' and 'pitch-balls' for eyes describe dark coloring that was considered less conventionally beautiful in the period.
"though Argus were her eunuch and her guard" In Greek myth, Argus Panoptes had a hundred eyes — set to guard Io. Berowne says even a hundred-eyed guardian couldn't stop Rosaline from doing what she wants. It's a back-handed compliment to her independence.
"Some men must love my lady, and some Joan" 'Joan' was the most common English women's name — a generic name for any ordinary woman. Berowne is ending with wry resignation: some men are destined for the extraordinary, some for the ordinary. He's one of the former, apparently.
Why it matters Berowne's closing soliloquy is the play's greatest comic speech — the man who has spent all of Act 1 and 2 as the voice of reason about love is forced to admit he is completely, helplessly in love, and delivers the admission with more wit, self-awareness, and verbal invention than anyone else in the play. The joke is that falling in love has made him more eloquent, not less.
🎭 Dramatic irony Berowne's devastating description of Rosaline ('a whitely wanton with a velvet brow') sounds like contempt but is actually love speaking through embarrassment — the audience who heard Rosaline describe Berowne in 2-1 knows this already.
[_Exit._]

The Reckoning

The play's letter-delivery engine is now loaded and pointed at disaster — both Armado and Berowne have entrusted the same completely unreliable carrier with secret correspondence. Berowne's closing soliloquy is his greatest comic moment: the sharpest critic of love in the play, forced to admit he is in love with someone he describes as a 'velvet-browed' temptress, and that this is a plague visited on him by a deity he himself has mocked. We leave feeling the delicious irony of someone falling on his own sword and delivering the most entertaining speech about it.

If this happened today…

The play's sharpest commentator on wellness culture posts an eighteen-thousand-word essay about how dating apps are destroying authentic human connection — then, three weeks later, his friends discover he's been sliding into someone's DMs, has commissioned a bespoke typeface for a handwritten note, and is trying to pay his chaotic roommate to deliver it since he doesn't have her number. The roommate is simultaneously being paid by someone else to deliver a different letter to a completely different person. The roommate has already spent half the money on a coffee.

Continue to 4.1 →