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Act 3, Scene 4 — Another room in the Castle.
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The argument Polonius hides behind the arras in Gertrude's chamber. Hamlet enters, confronts Gertrude. She cries out, Polonius cries out — Hamlet stabs through the arras, thinking it's Claudius. It's Polonius. He returns to confronting Gertrude with the portraits of the two kings. The Ghost appears, invisible to Gertrude. Hamlet tells her to stay out of Claudius's bed. He leaves dragging Polonius's body.
Enter Queen and Polonius.
POLONIUS ≋ verse [Gertrude: demanding answers]

He will come straight. Look you lay home to him,

Tell him his pranks have been too broad to bear with,

And that your Grace hath screen’d and stood between

Much heat and him. I’ll silence me e’en here.

Pray you be round with him.

Hamlet, you've injured your father greatly. How could you act so violently toward the king?

Why are you acting this way? You've insulted the king, upset everyone.

why are you acting like this you insulted the king

[_Within._] Mother, mother, mother.
QUEEN ≋ verse [Gertrude: confused]

I’ll warrant you, Fear me not.

Withdraw, I hear him coming.

What do you mean? I don't understand. What are you accusing me of?

What are you talking about? I don't understand.

i don't understand what do you mean

[_Polonius goes behind the arras._]
Enter Hamlet.
HAMLET [Hamlet: his madness claiming to have method]

Now, mother, what’s the matter?

I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw. But mother, what I speak is truth. Your husband—my uncle—murdered my father. The ghost of my father told me. And tonight, at the play, he confessed his guilt by his reaction.

I'm not mad. I'm telling you the truth. Claudius murdered my father. The Ghost told me. And Claudius proved it tonight when he watched the play.

claudius is guilty he murdered father the ghost told me he confessed at the play

QUEEN [the Queen accusing him — he's disrespected his father]

Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended.

Hamlet, you have deeply offended your father.

Hamlet, you've really hurt your father.

hamlet you've offended him your father gravely

HAMLET [Hamlet: hearing the noise, drawing his sword]

Mother, you have my father much offended.

What's there? Who's spying on us?

Who's there

who

"Mother, you have my father much offended" The exchange turns on a single pronoun: Gertrude says 'your father' meaning Claudius; Hamlet says 'my father' meaning the dead king. The same words, the same family relationship, two completely different men. This compression captures the entire problem of the scene.
QUEEN [Hamlet: striking through the arras]

Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue.

A rat! I'll kill it!

A rat

rat

HAMLET [Hamlet turning it on her — she's the one who's wrong]

Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue.

Go, go, you speak with a wicked tongue. You question my behavior, but you're the one who should be questioned.

Stop. You're using a poisoned tongue. You dare question me when you're the guilty one?

your tongue is wicked you're the guilty one not me

QUEEN [Polonius: from behind the curtain, dying]

Why, how now, Hamlet?

O, I am slain!

I'm killed

killed

HAMLET [Hamlet: realizing what he's done]

What’s the matter now?

It is the lord chamberlain. I have killed Polonius, the father of Ophelia. In my madness, thinking he was the king.

Oh God. It's Polonius. Ophelia's father. I thought he was the king.

polonius ophelia's father i killed him thinking he was the king

QUEEN [Gertrude: horror-struck]

Have you forgot me?

O me, what hast thou done?

What have you done

what have you done

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: to his mother, bitter]

No, by the rood, not so.

You are the Queen, your husband’s brother’s wife,

And, would it were not so. You are my mother.

A bloody deed, but not so bad as yours. You lie with the murderer of my father, and call it love. I have done a terrible thing, but you have done worse.

I killed him, yes. But you're sleeping with a murderer and calling it love.

i killed him but you're worse you love a murderer

QUEEN [Gertrude: breaking down]

Nay, then I’ll set those to you that can speak.

O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain.

You've broken my heart in two.

my heart is broken in two torn apart

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet: harsh, punishing her with words]

Come, come, and sit you down, you shall not budge.

You go not till I set you up a glass

Where you may see the inmost part of you.

O throw away the worser part of it, and live the purer with the other half. Good night. But go not to my uncle's bed.

Then throw away the bad part and keep the good. Stop sleeping with Claudius.

stop sleeping with claudius throw away the bad part

QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen fearful — will he hurt her?]

What wilt thou do? Thou wilt not murder me?

Help, help, ho!

What will you do? You won't murder me, will you?

What are you doing? You're not going to hurt me?

what are you doing will you hurt me why

[_Behind._] What, ho! help, help, help!
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet hearing something — a rat? Drawing his sword]

How now? A rat? [_Draws._]

Dead for a ducat, dead!

[Hears a noise] A rat? [Draws his sword] How now? Who speaks? Come out.

[Hearing a sound] A rat? [Draws] Who's there?

a rat drawing sword who's there

[_Makes a pass through the arras._]
[_Behind._] O, I am slain!
[_Falls and dies._]
QUEEN [the Queen horrified — he's killed someone]

O me, what hast thou done?

Oh God, what have you done?

Oh my God, what have you done?

what have you done oh god what have you done

HAMLET [Hamlet checking — is it the King?]

Nay, I know not. Is it the King?

No, I don't know. Is it the King?

I don't know. Is it the King?

is it the king claudius is it him

"Is it the king?" Hamlet hoped it was. The coldness of the question is often noted: he doesn't rush to check whether the person he killed is dead; he asks whether it is the person he intended to kill. The answer being Polonius shifts everything.
🎭 Dramatic irony Hamlet hopes it is the King behind the arras. The answer being Polonius is the hinge on which the second half of the play turns: from this moment Hamlet is a murderer in Denmark's eyes, and Claudius has the pretext to send him to England immediately.
[_Draws forth Polonius._]
QUEEN [the Queen condemning the act]

O what a rash and bloody deed is this!

Oh, what a rash and bloody deed this is!

Oh my God, how could you do this?

rash blood violent what have you done

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet responding — it's almost as bad as what she's done]

A bloody deed. Almost as bad, good mother,

As kill a king and marry with his brother.

A bloody deed. Almost as terrible, good mother, as what you have done.

Bloody, yes. But almost as bad as what you did, mother.

bloody yes but you're worse you did worse

QUEEN [the Queen — did you kill a king?]

As kill a king?

Did you kill a king?

Did you kill the king?

the king did you kill the king

"As kill a king?" This line is ambiguous in a way the play never resolves: does Gertrude know? Her response could be genuine shock at hearing the murder named for the first time — or it could be a performance of innocence. Most productions make a choice; the text supports both.
Why it matters Whether Gertrude knew about the murder is one of the play's unanswered questions. Hamlet treats the marriage as evidence of complicity; the text never confirms it.
HAMLET [Hamlet — yes, that was my claim]

Ay, lady, ’twas my word.—

Yes, lady, that was my accusation.

Yes, that's what I'm saying.

yes that's what i mean killing a king

[_To Polonius._] Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell!
I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune,
Thou find’st to be too busy is some danger.—
Leave wringing of your hands. Peace, sit you down,
And let me wring your heart, for so I shall,
If it be made of penetrable stuff;
If damned custom have not braz’d it so,
That it is proof and bulwark against sense.
QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen asking — what have I done?]

What have I done, that thou dar’st wag thy tongue

In noise so rude against me?

What have I done that gives you the right to speak to me so accusingly?

What have I done that justifies you speaking to me like this?

what did i do to deserve this why are you accusing me

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet — such an act]

Such an act

That blurs the grace and blush of modesty,

Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose

From the fair forehead of an innocent love,

And sets a blister there. Makes marriage vows

As false as dicers’ oaths. O such a deed

As from the body of contraction plucks

The very soul, and sweet religion makes

A rhapsody of words. Heaven’s face doth glow,

Yea this solidity and compound mass,

With tristful visage, as against the doom,

Is thought-sick at the act.

Such an act as makes me lose the name of action, as makes me mad.

An act so terrible I can barely speak. It's driven me insane.

an act so terrible i can't say it it's destroyed me

QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen — what act?]

Ay me, what act,

That roars so loud, and thunders in the index?

What act, my son? What are you talking about?

What act? Tell me.

what act what do you mean what have i done

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet showing two pictures — the two kings]

Look here upon this picture, and on this,

The counterfeit presentment of two brothers.

See what a grace was seated on this brow,

Hyperion’s curls, the front of Jove himself,

An eye like Mars, to threaten and command,

A station like the herald Mercury

New lighted on a heaven-kissing hill:

A combination and a form indeed,

Where every god did seem to set his seal,

To give the world assurance of a man.

This was your husband. Look you now what follows.

Here is your husband, like a mildew’d ear

Blasting his wholesome brother. Have you eyes?

Could you on this fair mountain leave to feed,

And batten on this moor? Ha! have you eyes?

You cannot call it love; for at your age

The hey-day in the blood is tame, it’s humble,

And waits upon the judgement: and what judgement

Would step from this to this? Sense sure you have,

Else could you not have motion; but sure that sense

Is apoplex’d, for madness would not err

Nor sense to ecstacy was ne’er so thrall’d

But it reserv’d some quantity of choice

To serve in such a difference. What devil was’t

That thus hath cozen’d you at hoodman-blind?

Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight,

Ears without hands or eyes, smelling sans all,

Or but a sickly part of one true sense

Could not so mope. O shame! where is thy blush?

Rebellious hell,

If thou canst mutine in a matron’s bones,

To flaming youth let virtue be as wax,

And melt in her own fire. Proclaim no shame

When the compulsive ardour gives the charge,

Since frost itself as actively doth burn,

And reason panders will.

Look at this picture, and then at this one. Here is your first husband — your father, the noble Hamlet. Here is your second husband — Claudius.

Look at these two pictures. This one — your first husband, King Hamlet. This one — Claudius. Compare them.

two pictures two kings your husbands look compare them

Why it matters The portrait speech is the scene's formal center. Hamlet is not just expressing grief — he is constructing an argument: you had this and chose that. The argument has an implicit accusation underneath it: your judgment failed, and your failure enabled a crime.
QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen trying to stop him]

O Hamlet, speak no more.

Thou turn’st mine eyes into my very soul,

And there I see such black and grained spots

As will not leave their tinct.

Oh Hamlet, speak no more.

Hamlet, stop.

stop don't say anymore

Why it matters Gertrude's breaking point is genuine — she is not performing. The image of 'black and grained spots' that won't leave is the scene's key psychological moment: she has seen something about herself that cannot be unseen.
HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet continuing — he won't stop]

Nay, but to live

In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed,

Stew’d in corruption, honeying and making love

Over the nasty sty.

No, I must continue. See how grace was stamped on this figure — his forehead, his eye. A combination of nobility that made him look like he was meant to lead nations.

No. Look at the grace in his face — his forehead, his eyes. He looks like a natural king. Everything about him says leadership.

no i won't stop look at his face grace nobility a king

QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen unable to listen]

O speak to me no more;

These words like daggers enter in mine ears;

No more, sweet Hamlet.

Oh, speak to me no more. You're breaking my heart.

Please stop. You're killing me.

stop i can't listen i'm breaking

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet relentless — the contrast]

A murderer and a villain;

A slave that is not twentieth part the tithe

Of your precedent lord. A vice of kings,

A cutpurse of the empire and the rule,

That from a shelf the precious diadem stole

And put it in his pocket!

But now look at this murderer and villain — Claudius — this ordinary creature, a mediocrity.

But look at this — the murderer, the villain, Claudius — nothing. Just a basic man.

claudius murderer villain ordinary nothing compared

QUEEN [the Queen begging him to stop]

No more.

No more.

Stop.

no stop please

HAMLET [Hamlet — Claudius is a king made of scraps]

A king of shreds and patches!—

A king made of scraps and patches! A thief of the throne and of love.

A king of rags and pieces! He stole everything.

a king of rags and scraps stole the throne stole her

Enter Ghost.
Save me and hover o’er me with your wings,
You heavenly guards! What would your gracious figure?
QUEEN [the Queen concluding he's mad]

Alas, he’s mad.

Alas, he's mad.

He's gone mad.

he's insane madness

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet sensing something — why doesn't she come chide him for his behavior?]

Do you not come your tardy son to chide,

That, laps’d in time and passion, lets go by

The important acting of your dread command?

O say!

Don't you come as a mother should to chide your son for his behavior?

Why aren't you acting like a mother should? Why aren't you scolding me?

why where's the chiding the shame the discipline

GHOST ≋ verse [the Ghost appearing — to remind Hamlet of his purpose]

Do not forget. This visitation

Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose.

But look, amazement on thy mother sits.

O step between her and her fighting soul.

Conceit in weakest bodies strongest works.

Speak to her, Hamlet.

Do not forget me. This appearance is to remind you of what you must do. I have marked you for revenge.

Don't forget. I'm here to remind you — you have a task. You must get revenge.

remember revenge don't forget what you must do

Why it matters The Ghost's purpose here is notable: it appears not to demand action but to redirect Hamlet toward his mother. The Ghost is worried about Gertrude — 'step between her and her fighting soul.'
HAMLET [Hamlet turning to the Queen — checking on her]

How is it with you, lady?

How are you, lady?

How are you?

are you okay how do you feel

QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen — how is he?]

Alas, how is’t with you,

That you do bend your eye on vacancy,

And with the incorporal air do hold discourse?

Forth at your eyes your spirits wildly peep,

And, as the sleeping soldiers in the alarm,

Your bedded hairs, like life in excrements,

Start up and stand an end. O gentle son,

Upon the heat and flame of thy distemper

Sprinkle cool patience. Whereon do you look?

Alas, how are you? You speak of things I cannot see.

How are you? You're talking to people I can't see.

how are you you speak to ghosts things i don't see

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet pointing at the Ghost]

On him, on him! Look you how pale he glares,

His form and cause conjoin’d, preaching to stones,

Would make them capable.—Do not look upon me,

Lest with this piteous action you convert

My stern effects. Then what I have to do

Will want true colour; tears perchance for blood.

Look there! Look how pale he glares! The Ghost is pointing at me with such anger and judgment!

There! Look at him! Look how angry he looks! He's staring at me!

the ghost there look angry glaring at me

QUEEN [the Queen — who are you talking to?]

To whom do you speak this?

Who are you talking to?

Who are you talking to?

who are you talking to

HAMLET [Hamlet asking if she sees the Ghost]

Do you see nothing there?

Do you see nothing over there?

You don't see it?

you don't see that thing the ghost

QUEEN [the Queen — I see nothing but what's here]

Nothing at all; yet all that is I see.

Nothing at all. Yet everything I see, I see as it truly is.

I see nothing. Just what's here.

nothing no ghost just us

HAMLET [Hamlet — did you hear anything?]

Nor did you nothing hear?

Did you hear nothing at all?

You didn't hear anything?

nothing no sound no voice

QUEEN [the Queen — no, nothing but our voices]

No, nothing but ourselves.

Nothing at all except our conversation.

Just us talking.

just us just our voices

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet pointing as the Ghost exits]

Why, look you there! look how it steals away!

My father, in his habit as he liv’d!

Look where he goes even now out at the portal.

Look there! See how it steals away? The Ghost is leaving!

There it goes! See it leaving?

look it's going the ghost fading away

[_Exit Ghost._]
QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen — this is all in his mind]

This is the very coinage of your brain.

This bodiless creation ecstasy

Is very cunning in.

This is something your mind has invented. It's not real.

You're imagining this. Your mind's creating it.

it's your imagination your brain making things up not real

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet dismissing her — she doesn't understand]

Ecstasy!

My pulse as yours doth temperately keep time,

And makes as healthful music. It is not madness

That I have utter’d. Bring me to the test,

And I the matter will re-word; which madness

Would gambol from. Mother, for love of grace,

Lay not that flattering unction to your soul

That not your trespass, but my madness speaks.

It will but skin and film the ulcerous place,

Whilst rank corruption, mining all within,

Infects unseen. Confess yourself to heaven,

Repent what’s past, avoid what is to come;

And do not spread the compost on the weeds,

To make them ranker. Forgive me this my virtue;

For in the fatness of these pursy times

Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg,

Yea, curb and woo for leave to do him good.

Madness!

Madness!

madness no you don't see

QUEEN [the Queen — he's broken her heart in two]

O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain.

Oh Hamlet, you've split my heart in two.

Oh Hamlet, you've torn my heart apart.

my heart broken split in half

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet trying to heal her — throw away the worse part]

O throw away the worser part of it,

And live the purer with the other half.

Good night. But go not to mine uncle’s bed.

Assume a virtue, if you have it not.

That monster custom, who all sense doth eat,

Of habits evil, is angel yet in this,

That to the use of actions fair and good

He likewise gives a frock or livery

That aptly is put on. Refrain tonight,

And that shall lend a kind of easiness

To the next abstinence. The next more easy;

For use almost can change the stamp of nature,

And either curb the devil, or throw him out

With wondrous potency. Once more, good night,

And when you are desirous to be bles’d,

I’ll blessing beg of you. For this same lord

Then throw away the worse part of it and live with the better. Abandon your lust for Claudius.

Then throw away the bad part. Keep the good part. Stop wanting Claudius.

discard the worse part the desire the lust for claudius

[_Pointing to Polonius._]
I do repent; but heaven hath pleas’d it so,
To punish me with this, and this with me,
That I must be their scourge and minister.
I will bestow him, and will answer well
The death I gave him. So again, good night.
I must be cruel, only to be kind:
Thus bad begins, and worse remains behind.
One word more, good lady.
QUEEN [the Queen asking what she should do]

What shall I do?

What shall I do?

What should I do?

what do i do how do i fix this

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet with instructions — what not to do]

Not this, by no means, that I bid you do:

Let the bloat King tempt you again to bed,

Pinch wanton on your cheek, call you his mouse,

And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses,

Or paddling in your neck with his damn’d fingers,

Make you to ravel all this matter out,

That I essentially am not in madness,

But mad in craft. ’Twere good you let him know,

For who that’s but a queen, fair, sober, wise,

Would from a paddock, from a bat, a gib,

Such dear concernings hide? Who would do so?

No, in despite of sense and secrecy,

Unpeg the basket on the house’s top,

Let the birds fly, and like the famous ape,

To try conclusions, in the basket creep

And break your own neck down.

Not what I'm about to tell you, by any means. Do not go to Claudius's bed tonight. Pretend you're not ready to reconcile with him yet.

Don't do what I'm about to tell you not to do. Don't go to Claudius tonight. Make excuses.

don't go to claudius tonight make excuses stall him

QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen swearing an oath]

Be thou assur’d, if words be made of breath,

And breath of life, I have no life to breathe

What thou hast said to me.

I swear it — if words are made of breath and breath has any power, I will not go to him.

I promise. My words mean something. I won't go to him.

i swear my words mean something i won't go

HAMLET [Hamlet informing her — I must go to England]

I must to England, you know that?

I must go to England, as you know.

I have to go to England.

i'm leaving going to england

QUEEN ≋ verse [the Queen dismayed]

Alack,

I had forgot. ’Tis so concluded on.

Alas!

No!

no why

HAMLET ≋ verse [Hamlet explaining — letters sealed, the plan is set]

There’s letters seal’d: and my two schoolfellows,

Whom I will trust as I will adders fang’d,—

They bear the mandate, they must sweep my way

And marshal me to knavery. Let it work;

For ’tis the sport to have the enginer

Hoist with his own petard, and ’t shall go hard

But I will delve one yard below their mines

And blow them at the moon. O, ’tis most sweet,

When in one line two crafts directly meet.

This man shall set me packing.

I’ll lug the guts into the neighbour room.

Mother, good night. Indeed, this counsellor

Is now most still, most secret, and most grave,

Who was in life a foolish prating knave.

Come, sir, to draw toward an end with you.

Good night, mother.

There are letters sealed with orders, and my two former friends from school — Rosencrantz and Guildenstern — are being sent with me to England.

I have sealed letters. Two men from school are going with me. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.

sealed letters orders rosencrantz and guildenstern going with me to england

"the sport to have the enginer hoist with his own petard" A 'petard' was an explosive device used to breach doors. To be 'hoist with your own petard' means to be blown up by your own bomb — a proverbial expression for having a scheme backfire. Hamlet is describing his intention to use Claudius's own trap against him.
Why it matters Hamlet's closing speech shows his mind working on the counter-plot. He knows Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are being used against him; he intends to reverse the trap. The cheerful energy here — 'O, 'tis most sweet' — contrasts with everything that just happened and suggests Hamlet's real vitality lies in the contest of wits.
[_Exit Hamlet dragging out Polonius._]

The Reckoning

The closet scene is the emotional heart of the play's third act. Everything that has been compressed — Hamlet's grief, his rage, his love for his mother, his horror at what she's done — erupts here in private. And the scene doubles: while Hamlet is confronting Gertrude, he kills Polonius by accident, which transforms the play's entire trajectory. From this point on, Hamlet is no longer a prince investigating his father's murder; he is also a murderer, and everyone in Denmark will know it. The portraits scene — Hamlet forcing Gertrude to look at the two men and compare them — is one of the play's most intimate and brutal moments. The Ghost appears and is visible only to Hamlet, which raises again the question of his sanity. Gertrude's journey in this scene is from defensive to genuinely broken: she has seen something she cannot unsee. Hamlet's instruction — stay out of Claudius's bed — is almost parental in tone, which is itself deeply strange. He leaves with a corpse. The scene ends with Gertrude alone and the irreversibility of everything made clear.

If this happened today…

A son arrives at his mother's apartment, intending to confront her about the man she married immediately after his father's death. There is someone hiding in the coat closet — the man's assistant, as it turns out, not the man. The son, believing it was the man, has stabbed through the door. Now there is a body on the floor, his mother is in shock, and he shows her photographs of his father and her new husband side by side: 'Look at these two. Really look. Have you lost your mind?' Then he sees something in the corner that his mother cannot see. He tells her things about herself that she will not recover from. He leaves with the body over his shoulder.

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