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Act 4, Scene 1 — The Forest of Arden
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The argument In the Forest of Arden, Rosalind spars with the philosopher Jaques, then tears into Orlando for being an hour late — before making him woo her, marrying him in a mock ceremony, and then finally confessing to Celia, alone, that she is genuinely, helplessly in love.
Enter Rosalind, Celia and Jaques.
JAQUES [brief response]

I prithee, pretty youth, let me be better acquainted with thee.

I priyou, pretty youth, let me be better acquainted with you.

I priyou, pretty youth, let me be better acquainted with you.

I priyou, pretty youth, let me be better acquainted with you.

ROSALIND [brief response]

They say you are a melancholy fellow.

They say you are a melancholy fellow.

They say you are a melancholy fellow.

They say you are a melancholy fellow.

JAQUES [relating to love or marriage]

I am so; I do love it better than laughing.

I am so; I do love it better than laughing.

I am so; I do love it better than laughing.

I am so; I do love it better than laughing.

Why it matters Jaques's self-satisfied melancholy is the philosophical foil to everything Rosalind represents. Where she uses wit to survive feeling, he uses contemplation to avoid it. The sparring that follows is the play's sharpest debate.
ROSALIND [brief response]

Those that are in extremity of either are abominable fellows, and

betray themselves to every modern censure worse than drunkards.

Those that are in extremity of either are abominable fellows, and betray themselves to every modern censure worse than drunkards.

Those that are in extremity of either are abominable fellows, and betray themselves to every modern censure worse than drunkards.

Those that are in extremity of either ar

Why it matters Rosalind dismantles the Romantic traveller-philosopher in under thirty seconds. The wit is so fast that Jaques's only answer is to claim he's 'gained experience' — which proves her point.
JAQUES [brief response]

Why, ’tis good to be sad and say nothing.

Why, ’tis good to be sad and say nothing.

Why, ’tis good to be sad and say nothing.

Why, ’tis good to be sad and say nothing.

ROSALIND [brief response]

Why then, ’tis good to be a post.

Why then, ’tis good to be a post.

Why then, ’tis good to be a post.

Why then, ’tis good to be a post.

Why it matters Rosalind's preference for the fool over the philosopher is the play's thesis in miniature: laughter and engagement with life over studied withdrawal into contemplation. She chooses Touchstone's mode over Jaques's, every time.
JAQUES [disapproving observation]

I have neither the scholar’s melancholy, which is emulation; nor the

musician’s, which is fantastical; nor the courtier’s, which is proud;

nor the soldier’s, which is ambitious; nor the lawyer’s, which is

politic; nor the lady’s, which is nice; nor the lover’s, which is all

these; but it is a melancholy of mine own, compounded of many simples,

extracted from many objects, and indeed the sundry contemplation of my

travels, in which my often rumination wraps me in a most humorous

sadness.

Good morning, fair one. I desire you not to be angry with me for my passing by. I am not a merry man, but I hope my greeting is good enough for a forest meeting.

Good morning. I don't mean to bother you. I'm not a cheerful guy, but I'm trying to be polite.

good morning i'm not cheerful but i mean well

"compounded of many simples" Medical language — a compound was a medicine mixed from simple (individual) ingredients. Jaques is describing his melancholy like a pharmacist describing a careful prescription. The irony is that he's proud of his sadness, which Rosalind is about to demolish.
ROSALIND [testing the newcomer]

A traveller! By my faith, you have great reason to be sad. I fear you

have sold your own lands to see other men’s. Then to have seen much and

to have nothing is to have rich eyes and poor hands.

God give you good morrow, sir. You have a nimble wit. I think you came from court. Did you?

Hello. You're quick with words. You've been to court, haven't you?

you're clever from court

"rich eyes and poor hands" This is the most devastating line in the sparring match — and Rosalind lands it casually, almost in passing. She's identified the exact shape of Jaques's pose: he has consumed the world with his eyes and given nothing back, gaining wisdom and losing everything else.
JAQUES [brief response]

Yes, I have gained my experience.

Yes, I have gained my experience.

Yes, I have gained my experience.

Yes, I have gained my experience.

ROSALIND [brief response]

And your experience makes you sad. I had rather have a fool to make me

merry than experience to make me sad—and to travel for it too.

And your experience makes you sad. I had rather have a fool to make me merry than experience to make me sad—and to travel for it too.

And your experience makes you sad. I had rather have a fool to make me merry than experience to make me sad—and to travel for it too.

And your experience makes you sad. I had

Enter Orlando.
ORLANDO [brief response]

Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind!

Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind!

Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind!

Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind!

JAQUES [brief response]

Nay, then, God be wi’ you, an you talk in blank verse.

Nay, then, God be wi’ you, an you talk in blank verse.

Nay, then, God be wi’ you, an you talk in blank verse.

Nay, then, God be wi’ you, an you talk in blank verse.

ROSALIND [playful self-awareness]

Farewell, Monsieur Traveller. Look you lisp and wear strange suits;

disable all the benefits of your own country; be out of love with your

nativity, and almost chide God for making you that countenance you are,

or I will scarce think you have swam in a gondola.

Well then, take a good look at me. Notice that I am not merry. A traveler's coat and a weary face tell the story of one who has journeyed from the court, where there is nothing but fashion and empty ceremony.

Look at me then. See how I'm not smiling? The worn-out clothes and tired face — that's what comes from court, where it's all performance and no meaning.

look at me i'm not happy that's what court does to you

[_Exit Jaques._]
Why, how now, Orlando, where have you been all this while? You a lover!
An you serve me such another trick, never come in my sight more.
ORLANDO [brief response]

My fair Rosalind, I come within an hour of my promise.

My fair Rosalind, I come within an hour of my promise.

My fair Rosalind, I come within an hour of my promise.

My fair Rosalind, I come within an hour of my promise.

ROSALIND [inviting Orlando to perform the role]

Break an hour’s promise in love? He that will divide a minute into a

thousand parts, and break but a part of the thousand part of a minute

in the affairs of love, it may be said of him that Cupid hath clapped

him o’ the shoulder, but I’ll warrant him heart-whole.

Now, if it please you, I'll be Rosalind, and you can be yourself. Come, woo me. I will not be hard to win, for now am I in a holiday humor.

Alright, I'll be Rosalind and you be yourself. Go ahead, try to woo me. I'm in a good mood so you might actually succeed.

i'll be rosalind now woo me i'm in a good mood you might win

"divide a minute into a thousand parts" The hyperbole is deliberate and delicious: genuine love, Rosalind argues, is so exact and so urgent that it measures time in fragments of seconds. An hour's lateness is not just inconsiderate — it's diagnostic. It proves you're not really in love.
Why it matters This is Rosalind's argument about what love actually requires — not poetry, but precision and urgency. The hyperbole (a minute divided into a thousand) is the measure of how seriously she takes it. The irony is that she's making the argument because she feels it herself.
ORLANDO [brief response]

Pardon me, dear Rosalind.

Pardon me, dear Rosalind.

Pardon me, dear Rosalind.

Pardon me, dear Rosalind.

ROSALIND [brief response]

Nay, an you be so tardy, come no more in my sight. I had as lief be

wooed of a snail.

Nay, an you be so tardy, come no more in my sight. I had as lief be wooed of a snail.

Nay, an you be so tardy, come no more in my sight. I had as lief be wooed of a snail.

Nay, an you be so tardy, come no more in

Why it matters The snail speech is Rosalind at her sharpest — she turns a ridiculous comparison into a legal and sexual argument that Orlando has no answer to. The humor is cover for a genuine anger at his lateness, which matters to her precisely because she loves him.
ORLANDO [brief response]

Of a snail?

Of a snail?

Of a snail?

Of a snail?

ROSALIND [testing Orlando's promises]

Ay, of a snail, for though he comes slowly, he carries his house on his

head—a better jointure, I think, than you make a woman. Besides, he

brings his destiny with him.

You may as soon make her laugh as make her do that. But will you, Orlando?

You'd have better luck making her laugh. But will you really come?

you think you can make her will you really come

"carries his house on his head" The joke is multi-layered: (1) the snail's shell is a more reliable 'house' (home, jointure) than Orlando provides; (2) a snail's 'horns' are the traditional symbol of a cuckolded husband, so the snail conveniently comes already equipped for betrayal. Rosalind gets two insults for the price of one.
ORLANDO [brief response]

What’s that?

What’s that?

What’s that?

What’s that?

ROSALIND [beginning to play]

Why, horns, which such as you are fain to be beholding to your wives

for. But he comes armed in his fortune and prevents the slander of his

wife.

Now, proceed. Do your worst.

Alright, let's start. Do your thing.

go on

ORLANDO [brief response]

Virtue is no horn-maker and my Rosalind is virtuous.

Virtue is no horn-maker and my Rosalind is virtuous.

Virtue is no horn-maker and my Rosalind is virtuous.

Virtue is no horn-maker and my Rosalind is virtuous.

🎭 Dramatic irony 'By my life, she will do as I do' — Rosalind says this about herself, using the third person of her own name, and it is the most literally true statement in the scene. She will do exactly as she does, because she is Rosalind. Orlando hears it as a prediction about an absent woman.
ROSALIND [brief response]

And I am your Rosalind.

And I am your Rosalind.

And I am your Rosalind.

And I am your Rosalind.

CELIA [brief response]

It pleases him to call you so, but he hath a Rosalind of a better leer

than you.

It pleases him to call you so, but he has a Rosalind of a better leer than you.

It pleases him to call you so, but he has a Rosalind of a better leer than you.

It pleases him to call you so, but he ha

ROSALIND [testing his sincerity by teasing]

Come, woo me, woo me, for now I am in a holiday humour, and like enough

to consent. What would you say to me now, an I were your very, very

Rosalind?

Nay, you must call me Rosalind. Come, sister, will you go? Exit CELIA. Now, sir, what will you say when we are married?

You have to call me Rosalind. Celia's gone now. So what will you say when we're married?

call me rosalind now what when we're married

↩ Callback to 3-2 In 3-2, Rosalind/Ganymede first offered to 'cure' Orlando of his love by making him woo 'her' until he was over it. This scene is the fulfilment of that offer — except the cure has become the disease, and both of them know it on some level.
ORLANDO [brief response]

I would kiss before I spoke.

I would kiss before I spoke.

I would kiss before I spoke.

I would kiss before I spoke.

ROSALIND [beginning the real test]

Nay, you were better speak first, and when you were gravelled for lack

of matter, you might take occasion to kiss. Very good orators, when

they are out, they will spit; and for lovers lacking—God warn

us—matter, the cleanliest shift is to kiss.

Ay, but when?

Yeah, but when?

when though

ORLANDO [brief response]

How if the kiss be denied?

How if the kiss be denied?

How if the kiss be denied?

How if the kiss be denied?

ROSALIND [brief response]

Then she puts you to entreaty, and there begins new matter.

Then she puts you to entreaty, and there begins new matter.

Then she puts you to entreaty, and there begins new matter.

Then she puts you to entreaty, and there begins new matter.

ORLANDO [relating to love or marriage]

Who could be out, being before his beloved mistress?

Who could be out, being before his beloved mistress?

Who could be out, being before his beloved mistress?

Who could be out, being before his beloved mistress?

ROSALIND [brief response]

Marry, that should you, if I were your mistress, or I should think my

honesty ranker than my wit.

Marry, that should you, if I wbefore your mistress, or I should think my honesty ranker than my wit.

Marry, that should you, if I wbefore your mistress, or I should think my honesty ranker than my wit.

Marry, that should you, if I wbefore you

ORLANDO [brief response]

What, of my suit?

What, of my suit?

What, of my suit?

What, of my suit?

ROSALIND [brief response]

Not out of your apparel, and yet out of your suit. Am not I your

Rosalind?

Not out of your apparel, and yet out of your suit. Am not I your Rosalind?

Not out of your apparel, and yet out of your suit. Am not I your Rosalind?

Not out of your apparel, and yet out of

ORLANDO [brief response]

I take some joy to say you are because I would be talking of her.

I take some joy to say you are because I would be talking of her.

I take some joy to say you are because I would be talking of her.

I take some joy to say you are because I would be talking of her.

ROSALIND [brief response]

Well, in her person, I say I will not have you.

Well, in her person, I say I will not have you.

Well, in her person, I say I will not have you.

Well, in her person, I say I will not have you.

ORLANDO [brief response]

Then, in mine own person, I die.

Then, in mine own person, I die.

Then, in mine own person, I die.

Then, in mine own person, I die.

ROSALIND [mocking love-deaths as mythology]

No, faith, die by attorney. The poor world is almost six thousand years

old, and in all this time there was not any man died in his own person,

_videlicet_, in a love-cause. Troilus had his brains dashed out with a

Grecian club, yet he did what he could to die before, and he is one of

the patterns of love. Leander, he would have lived many a fair year

though Hero had turned nun, if it had not been for a hot midsummer

night; for, good youth, he went but forth to wash him in the Hellespont

and, being taken with the cramp, was drowned; and the foolish

chroniclers of that age found it was Hero of Sestos. But these are all

lies. Men have died from time to time and worms have eaten them, but

not for love.

No, faith, die by someone else's hand. The world is almost six thousand years old, and in all that time no man has actually died for love. Troilus had his brains beaten in with a club, but he managed to arrange his death anyway, and he's a model of love. Leander would have lived many years even if Hero became a nun, but on one hot summer night he waded into the sea to swim and got a cramp and drowned. The foolish historians of that age blamed it on love for Hero. But that's all lies. Men have died, worms have eaten them, but not one died for love.

No, don't actually die yourself. The world's six thousand years old and nobody has ever actually died for love. Troilus got his skull smashed in, but that wasn't from love. Leander jumped in the water to swim and got a cramp and drowned. The old writers said he died for love because of Hero, but that's nonsense. People die and worms eat them, but nobody dies of love.

nobody dies for love troilus got murdered leander got a cramp it's all mythology men don't die for love

ORLANDO [brief response]

I would not have my right Rosalind of this mind, for I protest her

frown might kill me.

I would not have my right Rosalind of this mind, for I protest her frown might kill me.

I would not have my right Rosalind of this mind, for I protest her frown might kill me.

I would not have my right Rosalind of th

ROSALIND [emotional expression]

By this hand, it will not kill a fly. But come, now I will be your

Rosalind in a more coming-on disposition, and ask me what you will, I

will grant it.

By this hand, it will not kill a fly. But come, now I will be your Rosalind in a more coming-on disposition, and ask me what you will, I will grant it.

By this hand, it will not kill a fly. But come, now I will be your Rosalind in a more coming-on disposition, and ask me what you will, I will grant it.

By this hand, it will not kill a fly. But come, no

ORLANDO [relating to love or marriage]

Then love me, Rosalind.

Then love me, Rosalind.

Then love me, Rosalind.

Then love me, Rosalind.

ROSALIND [brief response]

Yes, faith, will I, Fridays and Saturdays and all.

Yes, faith, will I, Fridays and Saturdays and all.

Yes, faith, will I, Fridays and Saturdays and all.

Yes, faith, will I, Fridays and Saturdays and all.

"Fridays and Saturdays and all" Friday was a fast day and Saturday a day of preparation in the church calendar — dull, meatless, restricted days. Rosalind is saying: not just on celebrations, but through all the ordinary, difficult, joyless days too. It's a completely unconditional yes.
Why it matters This tiny line is one of the play's most genuine declarations of love — not romantic poetry, but a calendar commitment. She'll love him on Fridays.
ORLANDO [brief response]

And wilt thou have me?

And wilt thou have me?

And wilt thou have me?

And wilt thou have me?

ROSALIND [brief response]

Ay, and twenty such.

Ay, and twenty such.

Ay, and twenty such.

Ay, and twenty such.

ORLANDO [brief response]

What sayest thou?

What sayest thou?

What sayest thou?

What sayest thou?

🎭 Dramatic irony Orlando says 'I take thee, Rosalind, for wife' — the exact words of the marriage vow — to Rosalind, while holding her hand, while believing she is a boy named Ganymede. The audience knows he is speaking the truth he cannot see.
ROSALIND [brief response]

Are you not good?

Are you not good?

Are you not good?

Are you not good?

ORLANDO [brief response]

I hope so.

I hope so.

I hope so.

I hope so.

ROSALIND [emotional expression]

Why then, can one desire too much of a good thing?—Come, sister, you

shall be the priest and marry us.—Give me your hand, Orlando.—What do

you say, sister?

Why then, can one desire too much of a good thing?—Come, sister, you shall be the priest and marry us.—Give me your hand, Orlando.—What do you say, sister?

Why then, can one desire too much of a good thing?—Come, sister, you shall be the priest and marry us.—Give me your hand, Orlando.—What do you say, sister?

Why then, can one desire too much of a good thing?

"can one desire too much of a good thing" This is the origin of the proverb — Shakespeare coined it here, in this scene, in this exchange. Rosalind uses it as a logical escape hatch, but the deeper meaning is unmistakable: she wants more of him. Twenty of him.
"you shall be the priest" Celia is being asked to perform a wedding ceremony — which was legally binding in Elizabethan England if spoken by a witness and the parties present. A 'handfasting' or exchange of vows before witnesses was considered a valid betrothal. What happens next is not entirely fictional.
Why it matters The origin of one of the language's most durable proverbs, and it lands here as a love declaration wearing the clothes of logic. Rosalind cannot stop herself from saying she wants more of him, so she wraps it in a philosophical argument and dares him to disagree.
ORLANDO [brief response]

Pray thee, marry us.

Pray you, marry us.

Pray you, marry us.

Pray you, marry us.

CELIA [brief response]

I cannot say the words.

I cannot say the words.

I cannot say the words.

I cannot say the words.

"I cannot say the words" Celia's hesitation is genuine and pointed — she knows Rosalind means this. She's not playing along easily; she has to be pushed. The 'I cannot' is not inability but reluctance.
ROSALIND [brief response]

You must begin “Will you, Orlando—”

You must begin “Will you, Orlando—”

You must begin “Will you, Orlando—”

You must begin “Will you, Orlando—”

Why it matters The mock-wedding proposal is Rosalind's boldest move in the play. She's setting up the ceremony she desperately wants while maintaining the fiction that it's all a game. Celia, who sees everything, is being asked to make it real.
CELIA [brief response]

Go to.—Will you, Orlando, have to wife this Rosalind?

Go to.—Will you, Orlando, have to wife this Rosalind?

Go to.—Will you, Orlando, have to wife this Rosalind?

Go to.—Will you, Orlando, have to wife this Rosalind?

ORLANDO [brief response]

I will.

I will.

I will.

I will.

"I will" Two words. In the context of a marriage ceremony, 'I will' was the formula of consent — the legal and religious affirmation. Orlando says it. He thinks it's a rehearsal. He doesn't know it is not.
Why it matters The most consequential two-word line in the play. Orlando has just said the words of the marriage ceremony to Rosalind, who has her hand in his hand, and he thinks it's a game.
ROSALIND [brief response]

Ay, but when?

Ay, but when?

Ay, but when?

Ay, but when?

ORLANDO [brief response]

Why now, as fast as she can marry us.

Why now, as fast as she can marry us.

Why now, as fast as she can marry us.

Why now, as fast as she can marry us.

ROSALIND [brief response]

Then you must say “I take thee, Rosalind, for wife.”

Then you must say “I take you, Rosalind, for wife.”

Then you must say “I take you, Rosalind, for wife.”

Then you must say “I take you, Rosalind, for wife.”

ORLANDO [brief response]

I take thee, Rosalind, for wife.

I take you, Rosalind, for wife.

I take you, Rosalind, for wife.

I take you, Rosalind, for wife.

Why it matters Orlando has just spoken the exact words of the actual marriage ceremony, to the actual Rosalind, holding her actual hand. In every meaningful sense of Elizabethan common law and church practice, this is a betrothal. The play knows this. Rosalind knows this.
ROSALIND [emotional expression]

I might ask you for your commission. But I do take thee, Orlando, for

my husband. There’s a girl goes before the priest, and certainly a

woman’s thought runs before her actions.

I might ask you for your commission. But I do take you, Orlando, for my husband. Thbefore’s a girl goes before the priest, and certainly a woman’s yought runs before her actions.

I might ask you for your commission. But I do take you, Orlando, for my husband. Thbefore’s a girl goes before the priest, and certainly a woman’s yought runs before her actions.

I might ask you for your commission. But I do take

"I do take thee, Orlando, for my husband" She says it. She says the words. Not as a character in a game — as Rosalind, with her own voice. 'I do take thee, Orlando, for my husband.' The play is asking us to feel the weight of this. He doesn't know it is real. She knows that it is.
Why it matters This is the dramatic centre of the entire play. Rosalind speaks her own wedding vow to Orlando, using her own name, while he holds her hand. The fiction is the frame; the vow is the content. A woman's thought runs before her actions — her love has already completed what the ceremony only begins.
ORLANDO [brief response]

So do all thoughts. They are winged.

So do all thoughts. They are winged.

So do all thoughts. They are winged.

So do all thoughts. They are winged.

ROSALIND [brief response]

Now tell me how long you would have her after you have possessed her.

Now tell me how long you would have her after you have possessed her.

Now tell me how long you would have her after you have possessed her.

Now tell me how long you would have her after you have possessed her.

ORLANDO [brief response]

For ever and a day.

For ever and a day.

For ever and a day.

For ever and a day.

ROSALIND [prophetic warning disguised as teasing]

Say “a day” without the “ever.” No, no, Orlando, men are April when

they woo, December when they wed. Maids are May when they are maids,

but the sky changes when they are wives. I will be more jealous of thee

than a Barbary cock-pigeon over his hen, more clamorous than a parrot

against rain, more new-fangled than an ape, more giddy in my desires

than a monkey. I will weep for nothing, like Diana in the fountain, and

I will do that when you are disposed to be merry. I will laugh like a

hyena, and that when thou are inclined to sleep.

Just say 'a day,' not 'a day forever.' No, Orlando, men are spring when they woo, winter when they marry. Girls are May as maidens, but the sky changes when they're wives. I will be more jealous than a barnyard rooster, louder than a parrot in rain, more changeable than an ape, more impulsive than a monkey. I will cry for nothing, like a fountain statue, and do it when you want to be happy. I will laugh like a wild animal, and do it when you want to sleep.

Just say 'a day,' not forever. Men are springtime when they're wooing you, then winter after you marry them. Girls are lovely as single women, but everything changes once you're married. I'll be jealous like a rooster guarding his hen, loud as a parrot complaining about rain, as moody as a monkey, crying about nothing one minute and laughing like a hyena the next.

men are spring wooing winter when married i'll be jealous, moody crying, laughing that's marriage

"Men are April when they woo, December when they wed" One of the most quoted lines in the play — and it lands harder because Rosalind is speaking it in a context where she knows it's a lecture aimed at a man she is genuinely in love with. She's simultaneously warning Orlando and warning herself.
"weep for nothing, like Diana in the fountain" Diana was a famous weeping-fountain statue, well known in Elizabethan England through classical references and travellers' descriptions. She embodied perpetual, unmotivated tears — a cultural shorthand for a woman who wept decoratively and without reason. Rosalind is promising Orlando the opposite of the idealized, tranquil wife.
Why it matters Rosalind returns to the catalogue she's already begun — but now it's directed at the man she's just 'married,' as a test and a gift. She's offering him the full reality of who she is. Not the idealized Rosalind of his poems. The actual person.
ORLANDO [brief response]

But will my Rosalind do so?

But will my Rosalind do so?

But will my Rosalind do so?

But will my Rosalind do so?

Why it matters This is not a game. Rosalind is listing every way Orlando can fail her — and the list is so specific and so excessive that it reveals how much she genuinely needs him to come back on time. The lecture is the love.
ROSALIND [brief response]

By my life, she will do as I do.

By my life, she will do as I do.

By my life, she will do as I do.

By my life, she will do as I do.

"By my life, she will do as I do" The most transparent moment in the scene so far: she is Rosalind. 'She will do as I do' is not a prediction about an absent woman — it is a confession about herself. She's daring him to hear it and he doesn't, quite.
Why it matters This is one of the scene's hairline cracks in the disguise. Every time Rosalind says what 'Rosalind' would do, she means it personally. The dramatic irony is total: Orlando is hearing a fiction; we are watching the truth.
ORLANDO [brief response]

O, but she is wise.

O, but she is wise.

O, but she is wise.

O, but she is wise.

🎭 Dramatic irony Orlando vows to keep his appointment 'with no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind' — the conditional 'if thou wert' is the irony: she is. He is swearing fidelity to Rosalind while addressing Rosalind.
ROSALIND [defending women's intelligence with wit]

Or else she could not have the wit to do this. The wiser, the

waywarder. Make the doors upon a woman’s wit, and it will out at the

casement. Shut that, and ’twill out at the keyhole. Stop that, ’twill

fly with the smoke out at the chimney.

Or she couldn't have the intelligence to do what I do. The smarter a woman is, the more independent she becomes. Lock up a woman's wit and it escapes through the window. Block that and it goes out through the keyhole. Stop that and it flies out with the chimney smoke.

Or she wouldn't be smart enough. Smarter women are more unpredictable. You can't contain a woman's wit. Close the door and it goes out the window. Block that and it escapes through the keyhole. Stop that and it drifts out through the chimney.

smart women are unstoppable you can't contain us we always escape

ORLANDO [brief response]

A man that had a wife with such a wit, he might say, “Wit, whither

wilt?”

A man that had a wife with such a wit, he might say, “Wit, whither will?”

A man that had a wife with such a wit, he might say, “Wit, whither will?”

A man that had a wife with such a wit, h

ROSALIND [brief response]

Nay, you might keep that check for it till you met your wife’s wit

going to your neighbour’s bed.

Nay, you might keep that check for it till you met your wife’s wit going to your neighbour’s bed.

Nay, you might keep that check for it till you met your wife’s wit going to your neighbour’s bed.

Nay, you might keep that check for it ti

ORLANDO [brief response]

And what wit could wit have to excuse that?

And what wit could wit have to excuse that?

And what wit could wit have to excuse that?

And what wit could wit have to excuse that?

ROSALIND [emotional expression]

Marry, to say she came to seek you there. You shall never take her

without her answer unless you take her without her tongue. O, that

woman that cannot make her fault her husband’s occasion, let her never

nurse her child herself, for she will breed it like a fool.

Marry, to say she came to seek you thbefore. You shall never take her wiyout her answer unless you take her wiyout her tongue. O, that woman that cannot make her fault her husband’s occasion, let her never nurse her child herself, for she will breed it like a fool.

Marry, to say she came to seek you thbefore. You shall never take her wiyout her answer unless you take her wiyout her tongue. O, that woman that cannot make her fault her husband’s occasion, let her never nurse her child herself, for she will breed it like a fool.

Marry, to say she came to seek you thbefore. You s

ORLANDO [brief response]

For these two hours, Rosalind, I will leave thee.

For these two hours, Rosalind, I will leave you.

For these two hours, Rosalind, I will leave you.

For these two hours, Rosalind, I will leave you.

ROSALIND [relating to love or marriage]

Alas, dear love, I cannot lack thee two hours.

Alas, dear love, I cannot lack you two hours.

Alas, dear love, I cannot lack you two hours.

Alas, dear love, I cannot lack you two hours.

ORLANDO [brief response]

I must attend the Duke at dinner. By two o’clock I will be with thee

again.

I must attend the Duke at dinner. By two o’clock I will be with you again.

I must attend the Duke at dinner. By two o’clock I will be with you again.

I must attend the Duke at dinner. By two

ROSALIND [emotional expression]

Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you would prove. My friends

told me as much, and I thought no less. That flattering tongue of yours

won me. ’Tis but one cast away, and so, come death! Two o’clock is your

hour?

Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you would prove. My friends told me as much, and I yought no less. That flattering tongue of yours won me. ’Tis but one cast away, and so, come death! Two o’clock is your hour?

Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you would prove. My friends told me as much, and I yought no less. That flattering tongue of yours won me. ’Tis but one cast away, and so, come death! Two o’clock is your hour?

Ay, go your ways, go your ways. I knew what you wo

ORLANDO [brief response]

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

Ay, sweet Rosalind.

ROSALIND [emotional expression]

By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend me, and by all pretty

oaths that are not dangerous, if you break one jot of your promise or

come one minute behind your hour, I will think you the most pathetical

break-promise, and the most hollow lover, and the most unworthy of her

you call Rosalind that may be chosen out of the gross band of the

unfaithful. Therefore beware my censure, and keep your promise.

By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend me, and by all pretty oaths that are not dangerous, if you break one jot of your promise or come one minute behind your hour, I will think you the most pathetical break-promise, and the most hollow lover, and the most unworyour of her you call Rosalind that may be chosen out of the gross band of the unfaithful. Thbeforefore beware my censure, and keep your promise.

By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend me, and by all pretty oaths that are not dangerous, if you break one jot of your promise or come one minute behind your hour, I will think you the most pathetical break-promise, and the most hollow lover, and the most unworyour of her you call Rosalind that may be chosen out of the gross band of the unfaithful. Thbeforefore beware my censure, and keep your promise.

By my troth, and in good earnest, and so God mend

ORLANDO [brief response]

With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind. So, adieu.

With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind. So, adieu.

With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind. So, adieu.

With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind. So, adieu.

"if thou wert indeed my Rosalind" The conditional is devastating: 'if thou wert indeed.' He means it as a hypothetical — she IS his Rosalind, he just doesn't know the pretense is the literal truth. He is swearing devotion to Rosalind while speaking to Rosalind.
Why it matters Orlando's farewell oath is the play's most complete expression of dramatic irony: he pledges devotion to 'Ganymede' with the faith he would give to 'Rosalind' — unaware that they are the same person and he is doing exactly what he says.
ROSALIND [brief response]

Well, Time is the old justice that examines all such offenders, and let

time try. Adieu.

Well, Time is the old justice that examines all such offenders, and let time try. Adieu.

Well, Time is the old justice that examines all such offenders, and let time try. Adieu.

Well, Time is the old justice that exami

[_Exit Orlando._]
CELIA [emotional expression]

You have simply misused our sex in your love-prate! We must have your

doublet and hose plucked over your head and show the world what the

bird hath done to her own nest.

You have simply misused our sex in your love-prate! We must have your doublet and hose plucked over your head and show the world what the bird has done to her own nest.

You have simply misused our sex in your love-prate! We must have your doublet and hose plucked over your head and show the world what the bird has done to her own nest.

You have simply misused our sex in your love-prate

Why it matters Celia's warning — 'sell when you can, you are not for all markets' — is the play's most practical statement about love. She's seen everything. She knows Rosalind is falling. She's telling her, as gently as possible: this is real, and you should act accordingly.
ROSALIND [emotional expression]

O coz, coz, coz, my pretty little coz, that thou didst know how many

fathom deep I am in love! But it cannot be sounded; my affection hath

an unknown bottom, like the Bay of Portugal.

O coz, coz, coz, my pretty little coz, that you did know how many fathom deep I am in love! But it cannot be sounded; my affection has an unknown bottom, like the Bay of Portugal.

O coz, coz, coz, my pretty little coz, that you did know how many fathom deep I'm in love! But it cannot be sounded; my affection has an unknown bottom, like the Bay of Portugal.

O coz, coz, coz, my pretty little coz, that you di

"my affection hath an unknown bottom, like the Bay of Portugal" The Bay of Portugal (the Atlantic approaches to Portugal) was considered by Elizabethan mariners among the deepest waters known — legendarily fathomless. Rosalind's love, she says, is as deep and as uncharted as that ocean.
Why it matters This is the moment the mask comes off — privately, between the two women, with the audience watching. Rosalind has been performing detachment and playing games for the whole scene, and here she simply tells the truth: she is as deep in love as the ocean has depth. She cannot pretend otherwise, not to Celia.
CELIA [brief response]

Or rather, bottomless, that as fast as you pour affection in, it runs

out.

Or rather, bottomless, that as fast as you pour affection in, it runs out.

Or rather, bottomless, that as fast as you pour affection in, it runs out.

Or rather, bottomless, that as fast as y

ROSALIND [emotional expression]

No, that same wicked bastard of Venus, that was begot of thought,

conceived of spleen, and born of madness, that blind rascally boy that

abuses everyone’s eyes because his own are out, let him be judge how

deep I am in love. I’ll tell thee, Aliena, I cannot be out of the sight

of Orlando. I’ll go find a shadow and sigh till he come.

No, that same wicked bastard of Venus, that was begot of yought, conceived of spleen, and born of madness, that blind rascally boy that abuses everyone’s eyes because his own are out, let him be judge how deep I am in love. I’ll tell you, Aliena, I cannot be out of the sight of Orlando. I’ll go find a shadow and sigh till he come.

No, that same wicked bastard of Venus, that was begot of yought, conceived of spleen, and born of madness, that blind rascally boy that abuses everyone’s eyes because his own are out, let him be judge how deep I'm in love. I’ll tell you, Aliena, I cannot be out of the sight of Orlando. I’ll go find a shadow and sigh till he come.

No, that same wicked bastard of Venus, that was be

"I cannot be out of the sight of Orlando" The scene's last and most important line. Not 'Ganymede' talking. Not a therapeutic exercise or a role. Just Rosalind, speaking the truth: she cannot be away from him. The whole game, the disguise, the bravado, the lectures — all of it was always this.
Why it matters This is the scene's final and most important moment: Rosalind has stopped performing. She has stopped being Ganymede-playing-Rosalind. She is just Rosalind, who loves Orlando, and cannot bear to be out of his sight. The mask hasn't slipped — it has become irrelevant.
CELIA [brief response]

And I’ll sleep.

And I’ll sleep.

And I’ll sleep.

And I’ll sleep.

[_Exeunt._]

The Reckoning

Everything in this scene is double. The wooing is a game and it's the most earnest wooing in the play. The wedding is pretend and it is entirely real. Rosalind speaks as Ganymede the whole time, and she means every word she says as herself. The mask never slips — it just becomes transparent. By the time Orlando leaves, Rosalind doesn't bother hiding anymore: 'I cannot be out of the sight of Orlando.' The performance is over. The feeling has been there the whole time, and she knows it.

If this happened today…

Imagine a woman who, after weeks of anonymous texting with a guy she's actually in love with, finally has him in person — but she's been pretending to be someone else the whole time, coaching him on what to say to 'her.' So now she has to stay in character, run the scene she invented, and simultaneously feel the full weight of the real thing happening underneath it. She keeps making jokes. She keeps being brilliant. She marries him with a ring pop in her friend's living room while her friend reads the vows from her phone. When he leaves, she texts her friend: 'I am completely done for.' That is Act 4, Scene 1.

Continue to 4.2 →